1000 resultados para Ensaios clínicos randomizados e controlados
Resumo:
L’estudi de les fractures desplaçades de l’acetàbul han evolucionat en els últims 40 anys, degut sobretot als treballs inicials de Judet i Letournel. El tractament mitjan la reducció oberta i la fixació interna és el més acceptat actualment en els casos de lesions desplaçades. L’objectiu d’aquest estudi és presentar els resultats clínics i radiològics obtinguts en el tractament quirúrgic de 23 pacients amb fractura desplaçada d’acetàbul, i discernir quines variables poden influir de forma directa en la qualitat de la reducció oberta i el resultat funcional final.
Resumo:
El tratamiento quirúrgico de la escoliosis idiopática del adolescente está en constante evolución. El uso de la instrumentación vertebral posterior con tornillos pediculares se asocia a una mejora de los resultados cuando se comparan con otros métodos de fijación. Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo en el que se comparan los resultados clínicos (SRS-22) y radiológicos (ángulo Cobb en el plano coronal) del tratamiento quirúrigico de la EIA. Un grupo intervenido con tornillos pediculares, y el otro con constructos híbridos. Los resultados del grupo constructos híbridos se obtienen a partir de un metaanálisis realizado en el estudio.
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La cirurgia percutània en el tractament del hallux valgus és cada vegada més utilitzada, encara que compta amb limitacions en els casos severs. Es tracta d'un estudi retrospectiu en el qual s'analitzen estadísticament els resultats clínics, radiològics i funcionals del tractament quirúrgic del Hallux Valgus sever mitjançant cirurgia percutània amb la col•locació d'un dispositiu intermetatarsiano. Hi ha una bona correcció de l'angle intermetatarsiano i de l'angle hallux valgus, així com una millora clínica i funcional estadísticament significativa amb la utilització d'aquesta tècnica, sent els seus resultats comparables a aquells obtinguts amb la cirurgia oberta.
Resumo:
Conegut el fenomen epidèmic associat a la Insuficiència Cardíaca, l’objectiu de l’estudi va ser comparar pacients de la Unitat d’Insuficiència Cardíaca i d’Atenció Primària, tres mesos després de l’alta hospitalària. Els 112 pacients de la UIC van presentar una freqüència de reingressos de 8,1% i mortalitat de 7,1%, davant els 69 pacients d’AP amb 24,2% i 29,9%, respectivament. Una anàlisi multivariada, va demostrar que el seguiment en AP és un factor independent de major mortalitat i reingrés (OR 2,8 (IC 95%:1,2-6,6) i que rebre betablocadors és un efecte protector de la IC (OR 0,2 (IC 95%: 0,1-0,6).
Resumo:
Publicado en la página web de la Consejería de Salud: www.juntadeandalucia.es/salud (Consejería de Salud / Profesionales / Nuestro Compromiso por la Calidad / Procesos de Soporte). Grupo de trabajo: Cristóbal Aguilera Gámiz (Coordinador); Javier Aznar Martín; Manuel Durán Serantes; Félix Gascón Luna; Tomás de Haro Muñoz; Mª Luisa Hortas Nieto; Fernando López Rubio; Francisco J. Martí Tuñón; Vidal Pérez Valero; Gemma Ramírez Ramírez; Esperanza Ruiz Ruda
Resumo:
BACKGROUND Increasing trend and geographical variations in the use of caesarean section suggest the influence of non-clinical factors. The objective was to describe the use of caesarean section in the Andalusian region in Spain by exploring the role of social, clinical, and health services variables. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out using vital statistics. It involves all births occurred in Andalusia during the period of 2007-2009. The dependent variable was the use of caesarean section and the set of covariates were classified into three groups: those with a clinical meaning, those related to the health services organization, and those with a social significance. Multivariate logistic regressions were used. RESULTS In the data set of 293,558 births, the prevalence of caesarean delivery was 24.8%. The multivariate analysis highlights the labour complications as the clinical variable with the highest odds ratio (OR=19.36). Regarding the health services variables, the odds of experiencing a caesarean delivery were 55% higher on weekdays than on weekends. Cádiz was the province with the highest OR for caesarean section (comparison between Cádiz and Almería: OR=1,21) where the ratio between births in public and private hospitals was 3.7. The frequency of caesarean section was 34% higher in women with third level education than those with no education. CONCLUSIONS Labour complication is the most influential variable for caesarean section. Caesarean birth rate is above the accepted standards for all social classes and increases with educational level. Inter-provincial differences reflect different patterns with regard to the use of private medicine.
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The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the effects of an 8-week multimodal program focused on core stability exercises and recovery massage with DVD support for a 6-month period in physical and psychological outcomes in breast cancer survivors. A randomized controlled clinical trial was performed. Seventy-eight (n = 78) breast cancer survivors were assigned to experimental (core stability exercises plus massage-myofascial release) and control (usual health care) groups. The intervention period was 8 weeks. Mood state, fatigue, trunk curl endurance, and leg strength were determined at baseline, after the last treatment session, and at 6 months of followup. Immediately after treatment and at 6 months, fatigue, mood state, trunk curl endurance, and leg strength exhibited greater improvement within the experimental group compared to placebo group. This paper showed that a multimodal program focused on core stability exercises and massage reduced fatigue, tension, depression, and improved vigor and muscle strength after intervention and 6 months after discharge.
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BACKGROUND Advanced heart failure (HF) is associated with high morbidity and mortality; it represents a major burden for the health system. Episodes of acute decompensation requiring frequent and prolonged hospitalizations account for most HF-related expenditure. Inotropic drugs are frequently used during hospitalization, but rarely in out-patients. The LAICA clinical trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of monthly levosimendan infusion in patients with advanced HF to reduce the incidence of hospital admissions for acute HF decompensation. METHODS The LAICA study is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial. It aims to recruit 213 out-patients, randomized to receive either a 24-h infusion of levosimendan at 0.1 μg/kg/min dose, without a loading dose, every 30 days, or placebo. RESULTS The main objective is to assess the incidence of admission for acute HF worsening during 12 months. Secondarily, the trial will assess the effect of intermittent levosimendan on other variables, including the time in days from randomization to first admission for acute HF worsening, mortality and serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS The LAICA trial results could allow confirmation of the usefulness of intermittent levosimendan infusion in reducing the rate of hospitalization for HF worsening in advanced HF outpatients.
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La operación de Collis-Nissen se propone como técnica de elección en pacientes con acortamiento esofágico. Se ha realizado un estudio prospectivo en 32 pacientes intervenidos consecutivamente de Collis-Nissen vía laparoscópica o abierta, con una edad media de 70 años y que presentaban grandes hernias hiatales o recidivadas. Se realizó seguimiento clínico, radiológico, endoscópico y de calidad de vida con cuestionarios validados, durante los primeros 12 meses postoperatorios. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un buen control de síntomas, así como mejora de la calidad de vida, manteniendo una aceptable recidiva anatómica del 12,5% a corto plazo, sin que ello afecte la morbi-mortalidad.
Resumo:
BACKGROUND Non cephalic presentation in childbirth involves various risks to both the mother and the foetus. The incidence in Spain is 3.8% of all full-term pregnancies. The most common technique used to end the gestation in cases of non cephalic presentation is that of caesarian section, and although it provokes a lower rate of morbi-mortality than does vaginal delivery in such situations, there remains the possibility of traumatic injury to the foetal head and neck, while maternal morbidity is also increased. The application of heat (moxibustion) to an acupuncture point, in order to correct non cephalic presentation, has been practised in China since ancient times, but as yet there is insufficient evidence of its real effectiveness. METHODS/DESIGN The experimental design consists of a multi-centre randomised controlled trial with three parallel arms, used to compare real moxibustion, sham moxibustion and the natural course of events, among pregnant women with a non cephalic presentation and a gestational duration of 33-35 weeks (estimated by echography). The participants in the trial will be blinded to both interventions. The results obtained will be analyzed by professionals, blinded with respect to the allocation to the different types of intervention. In addition, we intend to carry out a economic analysis. DISCUSSION This trial will contribute to the development of evidence concerning moxibustion in the correction of non cephalic presentations. The primary outcome variable is the proportion of cephalic presentations at term. As secondary outcomes, we will evaluate the proportion of cephalic presentations at week 38 of gestation, determined by echography, together with the safety of the technique, the specificity of moxibustion and the control of the blinding process. This study has been funded by the Health Ministry of the Andalusian Regional Government. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN10634508.
Resumo:
Introducció: Existeixen factors pronòstics en el embolisme pulmonar (EP) que influeixen en la gravetat del mateix i és necessari estudiar-los. -Objectiu: comparar nivells de dímer-D amb la grandària del coàgul en l'artèria pulmonar en pacients amb EP. -Material i mètodes: Cohorts retrospectiu en pacients amb EP simptomàtic entre 2008-2010 en un hospital comarcal. -Resultats: Els nivells de dímer-D van ser de 4068±2764 ng/ml. En el 46,9% el coàgul es va situar centralment, en el 31,3% va ser segmentari i en el 21,9% va ser subsegmentari. -Conclusió: Alts nivells de dímer-D semblen relacionats amb una localització més proximal del coàgul en l'artèria pulmonar, però no es va poder establir cap relació estadísticament significativa.
Indicadores clínicos e pré-hospitalares de sobrevivência no trauma fechado: uma análise multivariada
Resumo:
O objetivo do estudo foi identificar os indicadores clínicos e pré-hospitalares associados à sobrevivência de vítimas de trauma fechado. Foram utilizadas a análise de sobrevivência de Kaplan Meier, e de Riscos Proporcionais de Cox, para analisar a associação de 33 variáveis ao óbito precoce e tardio, propondo modelos multivariados. Os modelos finais até 48h pós-trauma evidenciaram altos coeficientes de risco promovidos pelas lesões abdominais, Injury Severity Score >25, procedimentos respiratórios avançados e compressões torácicas pré-hospitalares. No modelo até 7 dias, a pressão arterial sistólica na cena do acidente, se menor de 75mmHg, foi associada a maior risco de óbito e se ausente, foi associada ao mais elevado risco de óbito após 7 dias. A reposição de volume pré-hospitalar apresentou efeito protetor em todos os períodos. Os resultados sugerem que a magnitude da hipoxemia e da instabilidade hemodinâmica diante da hemorragia, influenciaram de forma significante o óbito precoce e tardio desse grupo de vítimas.
Resumo:
Objetivou-se descrever e comparar as características clínicas, laboratoriais e assistenciais de RN que apresentaram sepse comprovada tardia e de RN que apresentaram sepse não comprovada tardia. Em seguida, avaliar se houve diferença entre os grupos, além de descrever os germes prevalentes na unidade neonatal estudada. Estudo descritivo, envolvendo 168 casos. Observou-se que 33,3% tiveram sepse tardia provada. A idade no momento da sepse, o tempo total de internação, a quantidade total de neutrófilos, a quantidade de neutrófilos imaturos e o valor da PC-r mostraram bons parâmetros na diferenciação entre os dois grupos quando analisados de forma isolada. A Klebisiella pneumoniae, o Staphylococcus coagulase negativo e o S. aureus foram as bactérias mais comumente isoladas.
Resumo:
Os objetivos foram: caracterizar os pacientes queimados segundo as variáveis epidemiológicas e clínicas e identificar os tratamentos, procedimentos invasivos e as complicações. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, descritivo e quantitativo. A amostra constituiu-se de 138 pacientes queimados internados em um hospital de ensino, no período de janeiro de 2003 a dezembro de 2007, de Uberaba-MG. Dos 138 pacientes internados, 98 (71,0%) eram do gênero masculino e a média de idade foi de 26,1 anos. O tempo médio de internação foi de 16,2 dias; 93 (67,4%) eram de natureza acidental e a principal causa 68 (49,3%) foi a chama aberta. A superfície corporal queimada média foi de 20,8% e a maioria 122 (88,4%) apresentou queimadura de 2° grau. A terapia tópica mais utilizada 93 (67,4%) foi a sulfadiazina de prata. A sondagem vesical de demora foi instalada em 47 (34,0%) pacientes; 30 (21,7%) foram submetidos à enxertia e 28 (20,3%) ao desbridamento; 14 (10,1%) apresentaram infecção da lesão.