Comparison of Macintosh and AirtraqTM laryngoscopes in obese patients placed in the ramped position

This study compared intubation conditions produced by the Macintosh and AirtraqTM laryngoscopes when used in obese patients in the ramped position. One hundred and thirty-two patients having bariatric surgery were placed in the ramped position and randomly assigned to have their tracheas intubated using either the Macintosh (n = 64) or an Airtraq (n = 68) laryngoscope. Mean (SD) intubation times were 37 (23) s and 14 (3) s for Macintosh and Airtraq, respectively (p < 0.0001). Compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope, the Airtraq laryngoscope provided an improved vocal cord view as assessed by the Cormack and Lehane score (number of patients with Cormack-Lehane scores of 1/2/3/4/37/20/4/3 for the Macintosh, and 65/3/0/0 for the Airtraq laryngoscopes, p < 0.0001). One patient in the Macintosh group had a failed intubation and intubation was achieved with the Airtraq. For obese patients in ramped position, Airtraq affords faster tracheal intubation than the Macintosh laryngoscope.

Technique for Indexing an Immediate Loading Implant Position for a Provisional Restoration

The transfer of an intraoral implant position to the cast for an immediate loading implant is an important step and may be difficult to achieve with commonly used transfer and impression methods. Thus, the purpose of this report is to describe a technique for the use of a surgical template to transfer the implant position for fabrication of a provisional restoration. This technique simplifies the procedure, eliminates the need for taking an impression, avoids surgical site contamination, and maintains an adequate emergence profile during fabrication of the definitive restoration. An indexing technique for transferring the position of the implant from the treated surface after extraction is described.

Photoelectrocatalytic treatment of p-nitrophenol using Ti/TiO2 thin-film electrode

The photoelectrochemical degradation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) was investigated using titanium dioxide thin-film photoelectrode. The effects of different supporting electrolytes, pH, applied potential and PNP concentration were examined and discussed. Complete photodegradation was obtained in perchlorate medium at pH 2 when the photoanode was biased at +1.0 V (versus SCE) during a 3-h experiment. Under these conditions, carbon removal of approximately 60% was achieved. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A solid paraffin-based carbon paste electrode modified with 2-aminothiazole organofunctionalized silica for differential pulse adsorptive stripping analysis of nickel in ethanol fuel

A solid paraffin-based carbon paste electrode modified with 2-aminothiazole organofunctionalized silica (SiAt-SPCPE) was applied to Ni2+ determination in commercial ethanol fuel samples. The proposed method comprised four steps: (1) Ni2+ preconcentration at open circuit potential directly in the ethanol fuel sample, (2) transference of the electrode to an electrochemical cell containing DMG, (3) differential pulse voltammogram registering and (4) surface regeneration by polishing the electrode. The proposed method combines the high Ni2+ adsorption capacity presented by 2-aminothiazole organofunctionalized silica with the electrochemical properties of the Ni(DMG)2 complex, whose electrochemical reduction provides the analytical signal.All experimental parameters involved in the proposed method were optimized. Using a preconcentration time of 20 min, it was obtained a linear range from 7.5 x 10(-9) to 1.0 x 10(-6) mol L-1 with detection limit of 2.0 x 10(-9) mol L-1. Recovery values between 96.5 and 102.4% were obtained for commercial samples spiked with 1.0 mu mol L-1 Ni2+ and the developed electrode was totally stable in ethanolic solutions. The contents of Ni2+ found in the commercial samples using the proposed method were compared to those obtained by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy by using the F- and t-test. Neither the F- nor t-values exceeded the critical values at 95% confidence level, confirming that there are not statistical differences between the results obtained by both methods. These results indicate that the developed electrode can be successfully employed to reliable Ni2+ determination in commercial ethanol fuel samples without any sample pretreatment or dilution step. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Copper determination in ethanol fuel by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry at a solid paraffin-based carbon paste electrode modified with 2-aminothiazole organofunctionalized silica

Solid paraffin-based carbon paste electrodes modified with 2-aminothiazole organofunctionalized silica have been applied to the anodic stripping determination of copper ions in ethanol fuel samples without any sample treatment. The proposed method comprised four steps: (1) copper ions preconcentration at open circuit potential directly in the ethanol fuel sample; (2) exchange of the solution and immediate cathodic reduction of the absorbate at controlled potential; (3) differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry; (4) electrochemical surface regeneration by applying a positive potential in acid media. Factors affecting the preconcentration, reduction and stripping steps were investigated and the optimum conditions were employed to develop the analytical procedure. Using a preconcentration time of 20 min and reduction time of 120 s at -0.3 V versus Ag/AgCl(sat) a linear range from 7.5 x 10(-8) to 2.5 x 10(-6) mol L(-1) with detection limit of 3.1 x 10(-8) mol L(-1) was obtained. Interference studies have shown a decrease in the interference effect according to the sequence: Ni > Zn > Cd > Pb > Fe. However, the interference effects of these ions have not forbidden the application of the proposed method. Recovery values between 98.8 and 102.3% were obtained for synthetic samples spiked with known amounts of Cu(2+) and interfering metallic ions. The developed electrode was successfully applied to the determination of Cu(2+) in commercial ethanol fuel samples. The results were compared to those obtained by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy by using the F-test and t-test. Neither F-value nor t-value have exceeded the critical values at 95% confidence level, confirming that there are no significant differences between the results obtained by both methods. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Antineoplasic Drug Methotrexate Redox Mechanism Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Electrochemical Redox Behavior of Omeprazole Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Electroanalytical determination of carbendazim and fenamiphos in natural waters using a diamond electrode

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

TAXONOMIC POSITION of GUIRATINGIA MENDESI (MEGADESMIDAE) and THE EVOLUTION of PERMIAN ENDEMIC BIVALVE FAUNA of THE PARANA BASIN, BRAZIL

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR of USNIC ACID AT A GLASSY CARBON ELECTRODE

The electrochemical redox behavior of usnic acid, mainly known for its antibiotic activity, has been investigated using cyclic, differential pulse and square wave voltammetry in aqueous electrolyte. These studies were carried out by solid state voltammetry with the solid mechanically attached on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode and at different pH values. Usnic acid did not present any reduction reaction. The pH-dependent electrochemical oxidation occurs in three steps, one electron and one proton irreversible processes, assigned to each of the hydroxyl groups in the molecule. Adsorption of the non-electroactive oxidation product was also observed, blocking the electrode surface. An oxidation mechanism was proposed and electroanalytical methodology was developed to determine usnic acid.

A spectroelectrochemical study of the inhibition of the electrode process on copper by 2-mercaptobenzothiazole in ethanolic solutions

The effect of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) on the corrosion of copper in ethanol-water mixture with 0.01 mol dm(-3) HClO4 was investigated by linear sweep voltammetry and surface enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy. The linear sweep voltammetry for the copper electrode in the presence of MBT shows one anodic process associated with the oxidation of MBT, which leads to the formation of a film on the electrode. This film inhibits the anodic copper dissolution and cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction. SERS studies indicated that MBT oxidizes and forms polymeric complexes involving copper ions and the ionized form of thiol. (C) 1997 Elsevier B.V. Ltd.

Multiple nucleolus organizer regions in Leptodactylus mystacinus (Amphibia, Anura) and comments on its systematic position in the L fuscus group based on cytogenetic and molecular analyses

Specimens of Leptodactylus mystacinus from Brazil were karyotyped with conventional and differential staining. The 2n = 22 karyotype is similar to that found for the majority of the Leptodactylus, the karyotypic conservatism also confirmed by the similarity of the replication banding patterns with those previously described. L. mystacinus has a small amount of C-banded heterochromatin, located mainly at the centromeres, although telomeric or interstitial bands have also been noticed. With DA/CMA(3) some chromosome regions showed slightly bright fluorescence, and with DA/DAPI, no particular AT-rich repetitive region was observed. Silver staining showed an extensive inter- and intraindividual variation in the number and position of Ag-positive regions, in 1p, 4p, 8p, 8q, and 11p. Nevertheless, FISH using rDNA probes confirmed only the signals on the short arms of chromosomes 4 and 8 as true NORs. The remaining silver stained regions are probably due to the heterochromatin with some affinity to the Ag-staining. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial cytochrome b sequence revealed that L. mystacinus forms a basal branch, so that the presence of multiple NORs in pairs 4 and 8 in this species indicates an autapomorphy.

Phylogeny, Ecology, and Heart Position in Snakes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Phylogenetic position of Dendropsophus gaucheri (Lescure and Marty 2000) highlights the need for an in-depth investigation of the phylogenetic relationships of Dendropsophus (Anura: Hylidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)