Topological spin waves in the atomic-scale magnetic skyrmion crystal

We study the spin waves of the triangular skyrmion crystal that emerges in a two-dimensional spin lattice model as a result of the competition between Heisenberg exchange, Dzyalonshinkii–Moriya interactions, Zeeman coupling and uniaxial anisotropy. The calculated spin wave bands have a finite Berry curvature that, in some cases, leads to non-zero Chern numbers, making this system topologically distinct from conventional magnonic systems. We compute the edge spin-waves, expected from the bulk-boundary correspondence principle, and show that they are chiral, which makes them immune to elastic backscattering. Our results illustrate how topological phases can occur in self-generated emergent superlattices at the mesoscale.

Coral communities exposed to differential large amplitude internal waves cooling and a severe heat stress in 2010 in the Andaman Sea

Tropical scleractinian corals are particularly vulnerable to global warming as elevated sea surface temperatures (SST) disrupt the delicate balance between the coral host and their algal endosymbionts, leading to symbiont expulsion, mass bleaching and mortality. While satellite sensing of SST has proven a good predictor of coral bleaching at the regional scale, there are large deviations in bleaching severity and mortality on the local scale, which are only poorly understood. Here, we show that internal waves play a major role in explaining local coral bleaching and mortality patterns in the Andaman Sea. In spite of a severe region-wide SST anomaly in May 2010, frequent upslope intrusions of cold sub-pycnocline waters due to breaking large amplitude internal waves (LAIW) alleviated heating and mitigated coral bleaching and mortality in shallow LAIW-exposed waters. In LAIW-sheltered waters, by contrast, bleaching susceptible species suffered severe bleaching and total mortality. These findings suggest that LAIW, which are ubiquitous in tropical stratified waters, benefit coral reefs during thermal stress and provide local refugia for bleaching susceptible corals. The swash zones of LAIW may thus be important, so far overlooked, conservation areas for the maintainance of coral diversity in a warming climate. The consideration of LAIW can significantly improve coral bleaching predictions and can provide a valuable tool for coral reef conservation and management.

San Diego region historic wave and sea level data report : Coast of California Storm and Tidal Waves Study /

Mode of access: Internet.

Sedimentation in submarine canyons in San Diego County, California, 1984-1987 : Coast of California storm and tidal waves study /

Mode of access: Internet.

San Diego region wind transport and wave overwash report : Coast of California Storm and Tidal Waves Study /

Mode of access: Internet.

1982-1983 shoreline position study : Coast of California storm and tidal waves study /

Mode of access: Internet.

Shoreline movement investigations report : Portuguese Point to the Mexican border (1852-1982) : Coast of California storm and tidal waves study /

Mode of access: Internet.

State of the Coast Report, San Diego Region : Coast of California Storm and Tidal Waves Study, Volume II-Appendices-Final.

Final report.

Interaction of waves and currents /

This report presents an overview of wave-current interacion, including comprehensive review of references to significant U.S. and foreign literature available through December 1981. Specific topics under review are the effects of horizontally and vertically varying currents on waves, wave refraction by currents, dissipation and turbulence, small- and medium-scale currents, caustics and focusing, and wave breaking. The results of the review are then examined for engineering applications. The most appropriate general-purpose computer program to include wave-current interaction is the Dutch Rijkswaterstaat program CREDIZ, which is based on a parabolic wave equation. Further applications include wave and current forces on structures and possibly sediment transport. The report concludes with a brief state-of-the-art review of wave-current interaction and a list of topics needing further research and development.

Light waves and their uses /

Includes index.

Propagation of hot and cold waves down into the earth

Reprint, Michigan engineer, 1904, p. 229-245.