Economías literarias en algunas ficciones argentinas del 2000 (Casas, Incardona, Cucurto y Mariano Llinás)

En el marco de las discusiones en torno al "valor" en tiempos de posautonomía, se diagrama un mapa que articula los diversos modos en que los textos narrativos de los poetas Fabián Casas, Washington Cucurto y Juan Diego Incardona, reinventan, singularmente, el imaginario populista (nostalgia barrial desplazada al vacío representacional de la experiencia zen; religación ideológica y política del sujeto colectivo; discurso revolucionario en clave de farsa y banalidad), a la vez que definen, desde esas inflexiones, tres economías ficcionales como tres posiciones en relación con el trabajo como uno de los nudos de la cultura del nuevo capitalismo: ocio, artesanía, y superproducción. La película Historias extraordinarias de Mariano Llinás constituye otra versión del modelo artesanal y, desde su particular economía, un acontecimiento narrativo en la ficción argentina del presente

Acerca del rol de Pedro Bermúdez en el Cantar de Mio Cid : Un acercamiento a su figura épica

El trabajo intenta un acercamiento a la figura literaria de Pedro Bermúdez en el Cantar de Mio Cid que permite caracterizarlo como héroe peculiar; y propone que Pedro representaría un tipo de héroe diferente al del modelo que pretende acuñar el Cantar, tal vez más primitivo y alternativo al paradigma cidiano, por lo cual las virtudes y valores de la tradición de los cantares de gesta más arcaicos no se eliminan sino que se desplazan a un héroe que secunda al protagonista y a la vez lo complementa.

Economías literarias en algunas ficciones argentinas del 2000 (Casas, Incardona, Cucurto y Mariano Llinás)

En el marco de las discusiones en torno al "valor" en tiempos de posautonomía, se diagrama un mapa que articula los diversos modos en que los textos narrativos de los poetas Fabián Casas, Washington Cucurto y Juan Diego Incardona, reinventan, singularmente, el imaginario populista (nostalgia barrial desplazada al vacío representacional de la experiencia zen; religación ideológica y política del sujeto colectivo; discurso revolucionario en clave de farsa y banalidad), a la vez que definen, desde esas inflexiones, tres economías ficcionales como tres posiciones en relación con el trabajo como uno de los nudos de la cultura del nuevo capitalismo: ocio, artesanía, y superproducción. La película Historias extraordinarias de Mariano Llinás constituye otra versión del modelo artesanal y, desde su particular economía, un acontecimiento narrativo en la ficción argentina del presente

Transmisión oral en la narrativa española contemporánea : Un recurso para la construcción de la memoria de la Guerra Civil y del franquismo

Se propone la descripción y el análisis del empleo de la transmisión oral en la narrativa española actual como un recurso para configurar la memoria de la Guerra Civil española y del franquismo. Para ello se atendió especialmente a las estrategias que intervienen en la representación de la oralidad en relación con los diálogos y los relatos orales, entre otros procedimientos a través de los cuales se transmite el pasado traumático dentro de la ficción. Ha sido analizada la representación de la oralidad en la producción narrativa ficcional de diversos autores españoles de finales del siglo XX y comienzos del siglo XXI que han abordado la temática de la Guerra Civil en una situación particular en cuanto al surgimiento de replanteos y debates acerca del tratamiento del conflicto bélico. Los objetivos generales que guiaron el trabajo han sido indagar la presencia y la función de la transmisión oral en la literatura, profundizar el estudio de la oralidad como voz emergente de colectivos sociales desplazados y analizar la funcionalidad del empleo de la oralidad en textos representativos de la narrativa española contemporánea. A su vez, más específicamente, se propuso profundizar en el estudio de la ficcionalización de la transmisión oral como un artificio para la construcción de la memoria en la narrativa española actual, vincular las posibilidades de transmisión de la historia de la Guerra Civil española con medios propios de la historia oral en la literatura -especialmente en la novela-, problematizar determinadas perspectivas sobre el testimonio en la medida en que son literaturizadas para una concepción de la memoria de la Guerra Civil, de la posguerra y de la dictadura, y estudiar algunas miradas contemporáneas acerca de la Guerra Civil y del franquismo desde el campo de la narrativa como un correlato de ciertos reclamos sociales de la actualidad respecto del pasado reciente. Para esto fueron analizadas diversas propuestas que surgieron esencialmente desde la literatura -con algún detenimiento en un texto fílmico- para abordar el pasado traumático y se consideraron las técnicas de transmisión empleadas para la narración ficcional de aspectos largamente silenciados por la historia oficial. El corpus central de textos literarios ha quedado conformado por O lapis do carpinteiro y Os libros arden mal, de Manuel Rivas, Guárdame bajo tierra, de Ramón Saizarbitoria, Soldados de Salamina, de Javier Cercas, Home sen nome, de Suso de Toro, y Mala gente que camina, de Benjamín Prado. Como corpus complementario, se tornó pertinente incorporar un capítulo que articula un texto fílmico (Muerte en El Valle, de Christina Hardt) con un texto literario (Las esquinas del aire. En busca de Ana María Martínez Sagi, de Juan Manuel de Prada). Esto, que en principio puede parecer un apartamiento del corpus central, favoreció el análisis del tratamiento del testimonio desde la estetización de un texto fílmico o literario. Al realizar la selección, se estudiaron, junto con autores que escriben y publican en castellano, algunos textos escritos originariamente en lenguas minorizadas (gallego y euskera)

Acerca del rol de Pedro Bermúdez en el Cantar de Mio Cid : Un acercamiento a su figura épica

El trabajo intenta un acercamiento a la figura literaria de Pedro Bermúdez en el Cantar de Mio Cid que permite caracterizarlo como héroe peculiar; y propone que Pedro representaría un tipo de héroe diferente al del modelo que pretende acuñar el Cantar, tal vez más primitivo y alternativo al paradigma cidiano, por lo cual las virtudes y valores de la tradición de los cantares de gesta más arcaicos no se eliminan sino que se desplazan a un héroe que secunda al protagonista y a la vez lo complementa.

Petrographic data for samples from DSDP Holes 63-471 and 65-485

Detrital modes of middle Miocene sandstone recovered at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 471 on the Magdalena Fan support the hypothesis that the fan has been displaced northward from a source hundreds of kilometers to the south near the present mouth of the Gulf of California. The modes are dissimilar to those of modern sand derived from onshore outcrops of Miocene volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks, Neogene sedimentary rocks, and Mesozoic subduction complex. They most closely match sand associated with the mouth of Gulf of California. The overall stratigraphy, sand composition, and diagenesis at Site 471 are consistent with deposition of the Magdalena Fan on young oceanic crust near a spreading ridge at a triple junction.

Radionuclides in ice cores I and II from Vernagferner, Austria

Fission product (90Sr-90Y, 137Cs, total beta) and 21OPb-210Po activities were measured in core samples from the temperate vernagtferner (3150 m altitude, Oetztal Alps, Austria). The results show that the investigated fission products are transported with water resulting from melting processes, and are sorbed on dust or dirt horizons. These products are, therefore, not suited for dating temperate glaciers. 210Pb is also transported with water and displaced from its original deposition. However, despite large fluctuations, the specific activity of 210Pb decreases with depth, and can be used to estimate accumulation rates and the age of the ice. The average annual accumulation rate amounts to about 80 cm water equivalent, and the deepest sample (81 m i.e. ab. 65 m w. e.) was deposited in the beginning of this century. These results agree with data obtained from other observations on this glacier and show that the 210Pb_method is suitable to date temperate glaciers, if the ice cores cover a time interval of about 100 years (i.e. ab. 4 half-lives of 210Pb). The surface activity of 210Pb was found to be 5 ± 1 dpm per kg of ice in agreement with other locations in the Alps and with measurements of fresh snow.

Linear sedimentation rates and approximate mass accumulation rates at DSDP Site 61-462

A 560-meter-thick sequence of Cenomanian through Pleistocene sediments cored at DSDP Site 462 in the Nauru Basin overlies a 500-meter-thick complex unit of altered basalt flows, diabase sills, and thin intercalated volcaniclastic sediments. The Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic sediments contain a high proportion of calcareous fossils, although the site has apparently been below the calcite compensation depth (CCD) from the late Mesozoic to the Pleistocene. This fact and the contemporaneous fluctuations of the calcite and opal accumulation rates suggest an irregular influx of displaced pelagic sediments from the shallow margins of the basin to its center, resulting in unusually high overall sedimentation rates for such a deep (5190 m) site. Shallow-water benthic fossils and planktonic foraminifers both occur as reworked materials, but usually are not found in the same intervals of the sediment section. We interpret this as recording separate erosional interludes in the shallow-water and intermediate-water regimes. Lower and upper Cenozoic hiatuses also are believed to have resulted from mid-water events. High accumulation rates of volcanogenic material during Santonian time suggest a corresponding significant volcanic episode. The coincidence of increased carbonate accumulation rates during the Campanian and displacement of shallow-water fossils during the late Campanian-early Maestrichtian with the volcanic event implies that this early event resulted in formation of the island chains around the Nauru Basin, which then served as platforms for initial carbonate deposition.

Geochemistry of North Atlantic Igneous Province basalts

New Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf data require the existence of at least four mantle components in the genesis of basalts from the the North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP): (1) one (or more likely a small range of) enriched component(s) within the Iceland plume, (2) a depleted component within the Iceland plume (distinct from the shallow N-MORB source), (3) a depleted sheath surrounding the plume and (4) shallow N-MORB source mantle. These components have been available since the major phase of igneous activity associated with plume head impact during Paleogene times. In Hf-Nd isotope space, samples from Iceland, DSDP Leg 49 (Sites 407, 408 and 409), ODP Legs 152 and 163 (southeast Greenland margin), the Reykjanes Ridge, Kolbeinsey Ridge and DSDP Leg 38 (Site 348) define fields that are oblique to the main ocean island basalt array and extend toward a component with higher 176Hf/177Hf than the N-MORB source available prior to arrival of the plume, as indicated by the compositions of Cretaceous basalts from Goban Spur (~95 Ma). Aside from Goban Spur, only basalts from Hatton Bank on the oceanward side of the Rockall Plateau (DSDP Leg 81) lie consistently within the field of N-MORB, which indicates that the compositional influence of the plume did not reach this far south and east ~55 Ma ago. Thus, Hf-Nd isotope systematics are consistent with previous studies which indicate that shallow MORB-source mantle does not represent the depleted component within the Iceland plume (Thirlwall, J. Geol. Soc. London 152 (1995) 991-996; Hards et al., J. Geol. Soc. London 152 (1995) 1003-1009; Fitton et al., 1997 doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00170-2). They also indicate that the depleted component is a long-lived and intrinsic feature of the Iceland plume, generated during an ancient melting event in which a mineral (such as garnet) with a high Lu/Hf was a residual phase. Collectively, these data suggest a model for the Iceland plume in which a heterogeneous core, derived from the lower mantle, consists of 'enriched' streaks or blobs dispersed in a more depleted matrix. A distinguishing feature of both the enriched and depleted components is high Nb/Y for a given Zr/Y (i.e. positive DeltaNb), but the enriched component has higher Sr and Pb isotope ratios, combined with lower epsilon-Nd and epsilon-Hf. This heterogeneous core is surrounded by a sheath of depleted material, similar to the depleted component of the Iceland plume in its epsilon-Nd and epsilon-Hf, but with lower 87Sr/86Sr, 208Pb/204Pb and negative DeltaNb; this material was probably entrained from near the 670 km discontinuity when the plume stalled at the boundary between the upper and lower mantle. The plume sheath displaced more normal MORB asthenosphere (distinguished by its lower epsilon-Hf for a given epsilon-Nd or Zr/Nb ratio), which existed in the North Atlantic prior to plume impact. Preliminary data on MORBs from near the Azores plume suggest that much of the North Atlantic may be 'polluted' not only by enriched plume material but also by depleted material similar to the Iceland plume sheath. If this hypothesis is correct, it may provide a general explanation for some of the compositional diversity and variations in inferred depth of melting (Klein and Langmuir, 1987 doi:10.1029/JB092iB08p08089) along the MAR in the North Atlantic.

Distribution of Cretaceous redeposited benthic foraminifers at DSDP Site 89-585

Cretaceous benthic foraminifers from Site 585 in the East Mariana Basin, western Pacific Ocean, provide an environmental and tectonic history of the Basin and the surrounding seamounts. Age diagnostic species (from a fauna of 155 benthic species identified) range from late Aptian to Maestrichtian in age. Displaced species in sediments derived from the tops and flanks of nearby seamounts were deposited sporadically on the Basin floor well below the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) at abyssal depths of 5000 to 6000 m. These depths, characterized by an indigenous assemblage of benthic foraminifers, recrystallized radiolarians, fish debris, and sponge spicules, existed in the Mariana Basin from late Aptian to the present. Early Albian and older edifice-building volcanism had reached the photic zone with associated shallow-water bank or reef environments. By middle Albian, the dominant source areas subsided to outer-neritic to upper-bathyal depths. Major volcanic activity ceased and fine-grained sediments were deposited by distal turbidites, although intermittent volcanism and the influx of rare neritic material continued until the late Albian. By the Cenomanian to Turonian, upper- to middle-bathyal depths were reached by the dominant source areas, and the sediments recovered from this interval include organic carbon-rich layers. Rare benthic foraminifers from the Coniacian-Santonian interval indicate a continuation of dominantly middle-bathyal source areas. A change in sedimentation during the Campanian-Maestrichtian from older zeolitic claystone to abundant chert in the Campanian, and nannofossil chalk and claystone in the Maestrichtian resulted from migration of the site beneath the equatorial productive zone due to northwestward plate motion. The appearance of rare middle-neritic and upper-bathyal species in the Maestrichtian interval associated with volcanogenic debris gives evidence of the remobilization and downslope transport of pelagic deposits due to thermally induced uplift. Episodic redeposition of shallow-water material during the Aptian-Albian was produced by edifice-building volcanism perhaps combined with eustatic lowering of sea level. The Cenomanian-Turonian pulse coincided with a low global sea-level stand as does the transported material during the Coniacian-Santonian. The Maestrichtian pulse was caused by renewed midplate volcanism that extended over a large area of the central Pacific.

Benthic foraminiferal communities at DSDP Sites 94-609 to 94-611

Benthic foraminiferal assemblages from northeast Atlantic DSDP Sites 609, 610, and 611 have been interpreted with reference to modern assemblages known to be linked with the overlying bottom-water masses. It is shown that the water masses in the late Miocene to Pleistocene were similar to those of today. The distribution of the water masses changed with time, however. Antarctic Bottom Water ("AABW"), which at present is restricted to the area south of the Azores, reached as far north as the Gibbs Fracture Zone in the early Pliocene. Increased production of North Atlantic Deep Water in the late Pliocene displaced the AABW to the south

Radiolarians from ODP Leg 134 sites

In the cores obtained during Leg 134 of the Ocean Drilling Program, radiolarians occur intermittently and usually in a poor state of preservation, apparently as a result of the region having been at or near the boundary between the equatorial current system and the south-central Pacific water mass during most of the Cenozoic. A few well-preserved assemblages provide a record of the Quaternary forms, and some displaced middle and lower Eocene clasts preserve a record of radiolarians near that subepochal boundary. There are less satisfactory records of middle Miocene and early Miocene to late Oligocene forms.

Chemical composition of pumices from the Great Meteor Seamount

Two samples of pumice, obtained by trawling from depths of 3100 and 4300 m on the eastern slope of the Great Meteor Seamount in the Atlantic Ocean, have been examined. Their petrochemical composition has been studied. The pumice is probably a product of youthful explosive volcanism on the Azores, displaced southward by surface currents.

Late Quaternary benthic foraminiferal record of the Bounty Trough, east of New Zealand

The Bounty Trough, east of New Zealand, lies along the southeastern edge of the present-day Subtropical Front (STF), and is a major conduit via the Bounty Channel, for terrigenous sediment supply from the uplifted Southern Alps to the abyssal Bounty Fan. Census data on 65 benthic foraminiferal faunas (>63 µm) from upper bathyal (ODP 1119), lower bathyal (DSDP 594) and abyssal (ODP 1122) sequences, test and refine existing models for the paleoceanographic and sedimentary history of the trough through the last 150 ka (marine isotope stages, MIS 6-1). Cluster analysis allows recognition of six species groups, whose distribution patterns coincide with bathymetry, the climate cycles and displaced turbidite beds. Detrended canonical correspondence analysis and comparisons with modern faunal patterns suggest that the groups are most strongly influenced by food supply (organic carbon flux), and to a lesser extent by bottom water oxygen and factors relating to sediment type. Major faunal changes at upper bathyal depths (1119) probably resulted from cycles of counter-intuitive seaward-landward migrations of the Southland Front (SF) (north-south sector of the STF). Benthic foraminiferal changes suggest that lower nutrient, cool Subantarctic Surface Water (SAW) was overhead in warm intervals, and higher nutrient-bearing, warm neritic Subtropical Surface Water (STW) was overhead in cold intervals. At lower bathyal depths (594), foraminiferal changes indicate increased glacial productivity and lowered bottom oxygen, attributed to increased upwelling and inflow of cold, nutrient-rich, Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) and shallowing of the oxygen-minimum zone (upper Circum Polar Deep Water, CPDW). The observed cyclical benthic foraminiferal changes are not a result of associations migrating up and down the slope, as glacial faunas (dominated by Globocassidulina canalisuturata and Eilohedra levicula at upper and lower bathyal depths, respectively) are markedly different from those currently living in the Bounty Trough. On the abyssal Bounty Fan (1122), faunal changes correlate most strongly with grain size, and are attributed to varying amounts of mixing of displaced and in-situ faunas. Most of the displaced foraminifera in turbiditic sand beds are sourced from mid-outer shelf depths at the head of the Bounty Channel. Turbidity currents were more prevalent during, but not restricted to, glacial intervals.

Pb-, Sr-, and Nd-isotopic composition of basaltic rocks from the Lau Basin

New Pb, Sr, and Nd isotope data are presented for 64 samples from the six backarc sites drilled during Leg 135. Systematic changes in Pb and Sr compositions illustrate significant isotopic variations between and within sites as well as provide two key pieces of information. First, a recent influx of asthenosphere with Indian Ocean mantle affinities has occurred and has successfully displaced older "Pacific" asthenosphere from the mantle underlying the backarc region. Second, clear evidence exists for mixing between these two asthenospheric end-members and at least one "arc-like" component. The latter was not the same as most material currently erupting in the Tofua Arc, but it must have had a more radiogenic Pb-isotope signature, perhaps similar to rocks analyzed from the islands of Tafahi, and Niuatoputapu. A comparison between the isotopic variations and the tectonic setting of the drill sites reveals consistent and important information regarding the mantle dynamics beneath the evolving backarc basin. We propose a model in which the source of upwelling magmas changes from Pacific to Indian Ocean asthenosphere with the propagation of seafloor spreading, a model with important implications for the rate of mantle influx into this region. Although the chemistries of backarc magmas have been profoundly influenced by this process, an additional consequence is the advection of Indian Ocean asthenosphere into the sub-arc mantle source. The isotopic compositions of arc rocks from the vicinity have been reevaluated on the basis of the proposed mantle advection model. We suggest that the slab-derived flux of trace elements into the arc wedge has remained relatively uniform with time (i.e., ~40 Ma), so that the change in arc chemistry results from mantle source substitution, rather than from differences in the composition of the downgoing plate.