Clear hero and dark hero in the cinematographic narration

The role of the hero is changing, slightly irregular, but it’s purpose is constant. The line that separates good from evil is frequently so thin that sometimes the main hero can act in a negative way, casting doubts about his own nature in the pursuit of good. This paper aims to inquire into the character’s heroic condition showing two variations of this archetype in the context of postmodern cinema: the “clear hero”, and the “dark hero”. The former keeps the most traditional values of the hero, while the latter provides a dimension which distinguishes it from the previous one: his experience executing evil as a part of his process to heroici­ty. Postmodernity implies an ambivalence in the character’s identity which can be comparable to the hero’s role, and to his way of making good. The “clear hero” does not imply negative features in the active nature of the hero, whilst the “dark hero” does include them. Through the protagonists of Gladiator (Scott, 2000) and Batman Begins (Nolan, 2005) are offered both heroic perspectives based on a selection of their principal ac­tions which have been subjected to analysis according to some parameters: behavior, implication, and cause. The decisive action will also be signalized, according to the narration’s teleonomy in reason of the favorable or unfavorable sense for the hero. Finally, each character will be observed from its archetype. By analyzing their actions from these perspectives, we observe the clear hero and the dark hero as affordable categories for the heroic role.

Type Ia supernovae from violent mergers of carbon-oxygen white dwarfs: polarization signatures

The violent merger of two carbon-oxygen white dwarfs has been proposed as a viable progenitor for some Type Ia supernovae. However, it has been argued that the strong ejecta asymmetries produced by this model might be inconsistent with the low degree of polarization typically observed in Type Ia supernova explosions. Here, we test this claim by carrying out a spectropolarimetric analysis for the model proposed by Pakmor et al. for an explosion triggered during the merger of a 1.1 and 0.9 M⊙ carbon-oxygen white dwarf binary system. Owing to the asymmetries of the ejecta, the polarization signal varies significantly with viewing angle. We find that polarization levels for observers in the equatorial plane are modest (≲1 per cent) and show clear evidence for a dominant axis, as a consequence of the ejecta symmetry about the orbital plane. In contrast, orientations out of the plane are associated with higher degrees of polarization and departures from a dominant axis. While the particular model studied here gives a good match to highly polarized events such as SN 2004dt, it has difficulties in reproducing the low polarization levels commonly observed in normal Type Ia supernovae. Specifically, we find that significant asymmetries in the element distribution result in a wealth of strong polarization features that are not observed in the majority of currently available spectropolarimetric data of Type Ia supernovae. Future studies will map out the parameter space of the merger scenario to investigate if alternative models can provide better agreement with observations.

Podcast: After the Liverpool Care Pathway clear guidance and support on end-of-life care is needed

In this podcast Roberta Heale talks to Dr Peter O'Halloran about the paper "After the Liverpool Care Pathway clear guidance and support on end-of-life care is needed." They discuss the newly implemented pathways and the effects these have on practice and patients.

Assessment of Activity of 'Transparent and Clear' and 'Opaque and Highly Coloured' Photocatalytic Samples using a Fluorescent Photocatalytic Activity Indicator Ink, FPaii.

The photocatalytic activity of self-cleaning glass is assessed using a resazurin (Rz) photocatalyst activity indicator ink, i.e. Rz paii, via both the rate of change in the colour of the ink (blue to pink), R(Abs), and the rate of change in the fluorescence intensity, R(Fl), (λ(excitation) = 593 nm; λ(emission) = 639 nm) of the ink. In both cases the kinetics are zero order. Additional work with a range of glass samples of different photocatalytic activity reveal R(Abs) is directly related to R(Fl), thereby showing that the latter, like the former, can be used to provide a measure of the photocatalytic activity of the sample under test. The measured value of R(Fl) is found to be the same for 5 pieces of, otherwise identical, selfcleaning glass with: black, red, blue, yellow and no coloured tape stuck to their backs, which demonstrates that R(Fl) measurements can be used to measure photocatalytic activity under conditions of high colour and opacity under which R(Abs) cannot be measured. The relevance of this novel, fluorescence-based paii to the assessment of the activity of highly coloured, opaque photocatalytic samples, such as paints and tiles, is discussed briefly.

Synthetic Lethal Targeting of ARID1A-Mutant Ovarian Clear Cell Tumors with Dasatinib

New targeted approaches to ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCC) are needed, given the limited treatment options in this disease and the poor response to standard chemotherapy. Using a series of high-throughput cell-based drug screens in OCCC tumor cell models, we have identified a synthetic lethal (SL) interaction between the kinase inhibitor dasatinib and a key driver in OCCC, ARID1A mutation. Imposing ARID1A deficiency upon a variety of human or mouse cells induced dasatinib sensitivity, both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that this is a robust synthetic lethal interaction. The sensitivity of ARID1A-deficient cells to dasatinib was associated with G₁ -S cell-cycle arrest and was dependent upon both p21 and Rb. Using focused siRNA screens and kinase profiling, we showed that ARID1A-mutant OCCC tumor cells are addicted to the dasatinib target YES1. This suggests that dasatinib merits investigation for the treatment of patients with ARID1Amutant OCCC. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(7); 1472-84. Ó2016 AACR.

A Família nas Redes Sociais Pessoais de Idosos

Objetivos: Analisar as caraterísticas sociodemográficas e das redes sociais pessoais dos idosos de acordo com a composição das redes centrada na família. Metodologia: Para caraterizar as redes sociais pessoais utilizámos o Instrumento de Análise da Rede Social e Pessoal – Idosos (IARSP-idosos) (Guadalupe, 2010; Guadalupe e Vicente, 2012) e um questionário para descrever sociodemograficamente a amostra. Participantes: A amostra é constituída por 567 idosos (M = 75,53 anos), com predominância do sexo feminino (64,1%). A maioria é casada (53,8%) e detém a 4ª classe (51,3%). Os participantes, na sua maioria, têm filhos (87,8%) e não vivem sós (79,4%). Resultados: As redes são compostas em média por 8 elementos, dominadas por laços familiares (M = 76,90%). São redes coesas, com relações interpessoais duradouras, com pouca dispersão geográfica e elevada frequência de contactos. O apoio percebido nas redes é sobretudo emocional e informativo. Quanto à sua composição, 43,7% dos idosos têm uma rede exclusivamente familiar, 53,4% redes com família e outros campos relacionais e apenas 2,8% apresentam redes sem família. Os idosos com 76-85 anos, casados e com agregado familiar numeroso têm maior probabilidade de pertencer a redes exclusivamente familiares. Os idosos mais jovens e divorciados tendem a pertencer a redes mais diversificadas, enquanto as mulheres e os indivíduos solteiros e sem filhos têm maior probabilidade de não ter laços familiares nas suas redes, compensando a sua ausência com relações de amizade e de vizinhança. As redes exclusivamente familiares estão associadas a maior perceção de apoio emocional, material e instrumental, companhia social e reciprocidade de apoio. As redes com família e outras composições caraterizam-se por ter mais elementos e uma maior dispersão geográfica. As redes sem família são as mais reduzidas e são normalmente homogéneas para o género feminino e a nível etário, no grupo idoso. Conclusões: Fica patente o papel central das famílias nas redes e no apoio informal. Contudo, será essencial potenciar a diversificação e manutenção dos vínculos promovendo o acesso a novos contactos ao longo de todo o ciclo vital, de forma a garantir uma rede social pessoal diversificada e efetiva, em vínculos e recursos, que complemente as necessidades e favoreça o bem-estar da pessoa idosa. / Objectives: To analyze the sociodemographical and personal social networks characteristics of the elderly according to the composition of the networks centered on the families. Methodology: For characterizing the personal social networks we used the Instrumento de Análise da Rede Social Pessoal (IARSP-Idosos) (Guadalupe, 2010; Guadalupe e Vicente, 2012) and for sociodemographic characteristics we used a questionnaire. Participants: The sample consisted of 567 elderly (M = 75.53 years), mainly female (64.1%). The majority are married (53.8%) and have the 4th grade (51,3%). Overall the participants have offspring (87.8%) and do not live alone (79.4%). Results: On average, the networks have 8 elements, mostly relatives (M = 76.90%). The networks are cohesive, long-lasting, have a low geographical spread and we observed a high frequency of contacts. The networks provide mostly emotional (M = 2.64) and informative support (M = 2.37). Regarding its composition, 43.7% of the elderly have an exclusively family network, 53.4% have networks with family members and other relational fields and only 2.8% have no relatives in their networks. The elderly whose age is between 76-85 years, married and with a large household are more likely to belong to exclusively family networks. Younger and divorced elderly tend to belong to more diverse networks, as women and individuals unmarried and without offspring are more likely to do not have family bounds in their networks, with a higher proportion of friends and neighbors. Exclusively family networks are associated with greater perception of emotional, material and instrumental support, social company and reciprocal support. Networks with family and other fields are characterized by having more elements and a greater geographical spread. The social networks without family are smaller and are usually homogeneous for female gender and age, in the elderly group. Conclusions: The role of families in providing informational support is clear. However, it will be essential to enhance the diversification and maintain ties that promote access to new contacts throughout our entire life, to ensure a diversified social network that will be effective in bonds and resources that complement the needs and encourages the well-being of the elderly.

Rede Social Pessoal, Qualidade de Vida e Depressão em Idosos

Em Portugal e no Mundo Ocidental a população está a envelhecer, colocando esta nova realidade enormes desafios à sociedade. A sua crescente relevância deve-se sobretudo às consideráveis repercussões a nível pessoal, familiar, sociopolítico e económico e que afetam pessoas de todas as idades e a sociedade como um todo, colocando desafios específicos relativamente às relações interpessoais, à qualidade de vida e à saúde mental na pessoa idosa. Deste modo, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a associação entre a qualidade de vida, a depressão e as características das redes sociais pessoais dos idosos. Participaram no estudo 317 indivíduos, sendo 202 do sexo feminino e 115 do sexo masculino, com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos, com uma média de 77 anos (DP=7,57). Na recolha de dados recorremos a três instrumentos: Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS Short Form 15), (Yesavage et al., 1983; Almeida & Almeida, 1999); Instrumento de Avaliação de Qualidade de Vida da OMS (WHOQOL), (OMS, 1998; Canavarro et al., 2006); Instrumento de Avaliação das Redes Sociais Pessoais (IARSP – Idosos), (Guadalupe, 2010; Guadalupe & Vicente, 2012). Dos resultados destacamos que as características funcionais da rede social pessoal se diferenciaram de forma estatisticamente significativa entre as subamostras de idosos segundo os níveis de qualidade de vida percebida. Saliente-se que, além da relação significativa entre a depressão e qualidade de vida, em que os idosos com um nível mais baixo de qualidade de vida percebida apresentam maiores níveis de depressão (p<0,001), as características funcionais das redes sociais apresentam uma associação clara com a qualidade de vida (p<0,005) e a maioria com a depressão (p<0,014), o que não acontece com as estruturais e com as relacionais-contextuais. Outros resultados indicam que indivíduos com diferentes níveis de qualidade de vida percebida possuem uma estrutura idêntica da rede social pessoal. Ao nível da análise da associação entre as variáveis funcionais da Rede Social Pessoal, Qualidade de Vida e Depressão, o modelo analítico transmite-nos indicadores de investigação e intervenção precisos, o que demonstra a necessidade da continuidade e aprofundamento do presente estudo num âmbito amostral mais alargado e heterogéneo. / In Portugal and in the eastern world, the aging of population creates huge challenges to societies. It's growing relevance is owed to considerable repercussions on the personal, familiar, socio-politic and economic level that affect people of all ages and society as a whole, creating specific challenges regarding interpersonal relationships, quality of life and mental health of the elderly. The current work has the objective of analyzing the association between quality of life, depression and the characteristics of personal social networks of the elderly. 317 individuals have participated in this study, 202 female and 115 male, with age equal or above 65 years old, with an average of 77 years old (DP=7,57). We used three assessment instruments to collect data: Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS Short Form 15), (Yesavage et al., 1983; Almeida & Almeida, 1999); WHO’s Quality of Life Evaluation instrument (WHOQOL) (WHO, 1998; Canavarro et al., 2006); Personal Social Network Analysis Tool (IARSP-Elderly),(Guadalupe, 2010; Guadalupe & Vicente, 2012). The results show that the functional personal network characteristics are significantly different according to their level of quality of life. It should also be noted that not only there is a significant association between depression and quality of life, in which elderly people with a lower quality of life level show higher levels of depression (p<0,001), there is also a clear association between the functional social network characteristics and quality of life (p<0,005), and the majority with depression (p<0,014), which doesn’t happen with structural and relational-contextual social network characteristics. Other results indicate that different levels of quality of life acquire an identical social network structure. On the matter of association between the functional variables of social networks, quality of fife and depression, the analytic model shows precise indicators of research and intervention, which instills us a need to continue and enlarge this study with an wider and more heterogeneous sample.

The Silent Majority: an Exploration of the Integration of Voting Software within Theatre in Education programmes

I wanted to explore whether traditional Forum Theatre approaches can be enhanced by the use of integrated voting software to empower young people. My research is based on two of a series of widening participation interactive TiE programmes focused on the decisions young people make on educational progression. I worked as a director alongside students studying Drama and Performance at The University of Worcester and the programmes have toured widely to schools across Worcestershire and Herefordshire. ‘It’s Up to You!’ (2013 – 2014) was aimed at years 8 and 9 choosing their GCSE options and ‘Move on Up!’ (2014 - 2015) looked at the hopes and fears of year 6 pupils about to go up to secondary school. Finding a voice in Boal’s framework as a ‘specactor’ does not always appeal to a pupil who does not want to stand out from the crowd or is not familiar with a classroom where drama conventions are practised or understood. The anonymity of the voting software with results of decisions made appearing instantly on screen is certainly appealing to some pupils: ‘I also loved the keypads they gave us so that we could answer the questions without having to put our hand up and wait..’ This paper aims to interrogate the idea that empowering needs to not simply be about giving voice to a few confident group members but allowing the silent majority to be able to experiment with decision making in an educational and social context.

Chefsintroduktion : En kvalitativ studie om nytillträdda chefers upplevelse av introduktionen till arbetet

Syftet med studien är att skapa en djupare förståelse för hur introduktionen upplevs av nytillträdda chefer samt vilka aspekter som är av betydande relevans för denna upplevelse. Studien har genomförts på en svensk myndighet med omkring 1200 anställda. Studien är av kvalitativ art och empiri har inhämtats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta verksamma chefer som har personalansvar. Vid tolkning av studiens resultat har vi inspirerats av en fenomenologisk ansats, varpå vi har fokuserat på likheter i respondenternas uppfattning av fenomenet. Av studiens resultat framgår att majoriteten av cheferna upplevt introduktionen som gedigen och informativ. Chefernas framträdande upplevelse har visat sig vara organisationens välkomnande klimat. Majoriteten av cheferna är av åsikten att organisationen möjliggjort för socialisationstillfällen i samband med introduktionen. Flertalet av cheferna föredrar att först installera sig i sin arbetsgrupp innan hela verksamhetsförståelsen kan erhållas. Avslutningsvis har den information som delgivits under introduktionen upplevts som tydlig. Ett flertal av cheferna har samtidigt upplevt den som överväldigande och svåråtkomlig.

BET on Top Hat: challenges to improve language proficiency

Within the business context, communication and interaction tends to be considerably rooted in the use of English (as lingua franca), as well as in ICT use. Thus, professionals have to be able to speak the English language, resorting to specific, internationally recognised terminology and be proficient in the use of manifold ICT tools. In fact, the tendency is for the great majority of higher education (HE) students to own mobile devices (laptops, smartphones and/or tablets) and use them to access information and communicate/interact with content and other people. Bearing this in mind, a teaching and learning strategy was designed, in which m-learning (i.e. learning in which the delivery platform is a mobile device) was used to approach Business English Terminology (BET). The strategy was labelled as ‘BET on Top Hat’, once the selected application was Top Hat (https://tophat.com/) and the idea was for students to face it as if it were a game/challenge. In this scenario, the main goals of this exploratory study were to find evidence as to: i) the utility of m-learning activities for learning BET and ii) if and how m-learning activities can generate intrinsic motivation in students to learn BET. Participants (n=23) were enrolled in English II, a curricular unit of the 1st cycle degree in Retail Management offered at Águeda School of Technology and Management – University of Aveiro (2014/15 edition). The data gathered included the students’ results in quizzes and their answers to a short final evaluation questionnaire regarding their experience with BET on Top Hat. Consequently, data were treated and analysed resorting to descriptive statistical analysis, and, when considered pertinent, the teacher’s observation notes were also considered. The results unveil that, on the one hand, the strategy had a clear positive impact on the students’ intrinsic motivation and, on the other hand, the students’ performance as to BET use tended to improve over time.

Valor económico do solo: perspectivas pública e privada

Having in mind that the majority of human beings do not take consciousness how fundamental soil is for their survi - val, nor how men action can lead to soil dilapidation, this works tries to call attention for its real value. Concisely, the main objectives of this paper are: to show clearly the most relevant soil functions; to analyze how soil management can influence positive or negatively soil capacity of production; to present a methodology for private soil assessment , making clear that privates valuate almost exclusively the soil capacity to produce market goods and ser - vices; to stress that many goods and services have global public effects; to emphasize that society ought to recognize soil multifunctionality and must try to impute some value to all those goods and services although some of them have no market value, at present. The paper concludes that: (1) without productive soil life on earth, as we know it, would be impossible; (2) although it is almost impossible to assess the real value of all goods and services produced by the soil, it is of great importance to develop appropriate methodologies to do so, in order to improve cost-benefit analysis helping to take correct decisions regarding the sustainable use of the soil.

One Person, Many Votes: Divided Majority and Information Aggregation

In elections, majority divisions pave the way to focal manipulations and coordination failures, which can lead to the victory of the wrong candidate. This paper shows how this flaw can be addressed if voter preferences over candidates are sensitive to information. We consider two potential sources of divisions: majority voters may have similar preferences but opposite information about the candidates, or opposite preferences. We show that when information is the source of majority divisions, Approval Voting features a unique equilibrium with full information and coordination equivalence. That is, it produces the same outcome as if both information and coordination problems could be resolved. Other electoral systems, such as Plurality and Two-Round elections, do not satisfy this equivalence. The second source of division is opposite preferences. Whenever the fraction of voters with such preferences is not too large, Approval Voting still satisfies full information and coordination equivalence.