POR UM ENSINO APRENDENTE: A FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DAS CIÊNCIAS NO SÉCULO XXI

A presente pesquisa investiga a formação de professores das ciências e sua perspectiva para o século XXI, a partir da análise das manifestações acadêmico-científicas de docentes doutores pesquisadores em educação científica nas áreas de Biologia, Química, Física, Matemática e Ciências da Natureza. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, cuja narrativa procura contemplar aspectos de formação dessas áreas em meio aos conflitos, embates, especificidades e necessidades do atual contexto educacional. Busco tratar de visões e assumir posições sobre o que os professores das Ciências precisam aprender, pela configuração das tendências de formação e das práticas de ensino e de aprendizagem consideradas no século XX, bem como das projeções do que se põe como desejável para o século XXI. Nesse âmbito, identifico cinco categorias analíticas que são postas a partir de entrevistas junto aos meus sujeitos de pesquisa. Em relação à primeira categoria de pesquisa as tendências apontam que os conteúdos científicos são imprescindíveis, porém não suficientes durante o processo educativo, havendo necessidade de juntar o seu valor formativo. A segunda categoria traz a consideração do aluno no processo de aprender e ensinar ciências. Dentre o que não pode mais ser admissível neste século, a terceira categoria discute a dissociação entre ciência, tecnologia e sociedade atrelada a uma visão fragmentada de ciência. A quarta categoria aponta o que é posto de novidade na formação de professores das ciências, e a quinta categoria põe em discussão as necessidades formativas de professores das ciências para o século XXI. As análises dessas tendências em função dos relatos e entrevistas desses sujeitos de pesquisa são responsáveis pela integração entre o ensinar e o aprender, compartilhando os saberes pedagógicos, filosóficos, sociológicos, científicos. A partir da literatura atual sobre a formação de professores de ciências, procuro dar conta de algumas inquietações que permeiam a investigação e corroboram com uma mudança epistemológica do ensino: Quais aspectos devem ser prioritariamente considerados no âmbito da formação de professores das ciências? Quais as necessidades formativas desses professores? As contribuições acadêmicas a respeito dos saberes profissionais dos professores têm contribuído sobremaneira para o estabelecimento de uma cultura reflexiva em torno da prática docente de forma bastante crítica. Palavras-chave: 1. Formação de professores; 2. Ensino das ciências; 3. Necessidades formativas no século XXI.

DE CONTADOR A PROFESSOR DE CIÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS: UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO (AUTO)BIOGRÁFICA A PARTIR DAS PROBLEMÁTICAS DA PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA E DA PESQUISA

Devido à proliferação dos Cursos do Ensino Superior de Ciências Contábeis, o Conselho Federal de Contabilidade CFC criou o Exame de Suficiência, por ter constatado que a qualidade do ensino deixava a desejar, procurando, nas provas, dar ênfase às questões éticas. Atualmente, o profissional contador possui um conhecimento prático-mecânico da contabilidade muito maior do que um raciocínio contábil. Este trabalho, mediante o estudo de minha trajetória (auto)biográfica na perspectiva da formação profissional, busca identificar os elementos mais determinantes na formação de um professor de Ciências Contábeis e verificar em que medida o exercício da pesquisa esteve presente nesta formação, bem como examinar se a pesquisa, enquanto princípio educativo, se reflete na prática docente. É necessário entender que na trajetória de Contador a professor de Ciências Contábeis, este movimento se dá, na maioria das vezes, pelo convite a profissionais que deram certo no mercado de trabalho e que, portanto, nem sempre possuem formação pedagógica adequada para o exercício docente. É também finalidade deste estudo, ao compreender melhor a experiência de um percurso de Contador a professor de Ciências Contábeis, sugerir alguns possíveis caminhos para a formação continuada dos professores deste campo do conhecimento. Para tanto, do ponto de vista da Educação e Formação de Educadores, assumi como referências Freire, Demo e Schön; do ponto de vista do Ensino Superior, Cunha e Buarque; do ponto de vista das Ciências Contábeis, Iudícibus e Marion. A metodologia utilizada na elaboração deste trabalho foi a pesquisa (auto)biográfica com referência, principalmente, em Nóvoa e Josso. Os resultados sugerem que a tendência a reproduzir a abordagem bancária, recebida nos bancos escolares, do primário ao ensino superior, só pode ser revertida na medida em que o sujeito, sem abandonar o trabalho prático de docência, tem a oportunidade de estudar os fundamentos teóricos dos processos educativos formais e traz os mesmos para a sua reflexão sobre a prática. É perceptível, também, o quanto a investigação (auto)biográfica, com finalidade formativa, pode ser de grande ajuda neste processo reflexivo. Por isto mesmo, sugere-se, ao concluir, que no processo de formação continuada dos professores de Ciências Contábeis sejam utilizadas estas estratégias.(AU)

Produção do mestrado profissional em ensino de ciências naturais e matemática da UFRN (física e química/2005-2012): papel dos documentos oficiais e características dos produtos educacionais

The importance of the Professionals Master in the field of science education is revealed by the recognition that they provide, to practicing teachers, in particular, training spaces for reflection and application of knowledge. This work appears in the context of the project "Research and training in teaching science and mathematics: a cutout of academic production in the northeast and overview of formative action in basic education" on the Centre for Education program, which main objective was to conduct studies description, analysis and evaluation of the academic production of Postgraduate Programs in Science Teaching of UFRPE, UFRN and UEPB and investigate the contribution of continuing education in stricto sensu level, of graduated teachers to improve the quality of basic education . We sought to examine a cut of academic production PPGECNM / UFRN, taking as reference dissertations of Natural Sciences, finished between the years 2005 and 2012, which have developed and applied educational products for high school students. More specifically we sought to conduct a general characterization of the dissertations analyzed for basic descriptors, to understand if and how the official documents governing the Brazilian education, especially science education, subsidized development of dissertations and identify current trends for science teaching are addressed and which ones are used in preparing the product of dissertations. The survey was based on documentary analysis, a type of qualitative approach in which the documents are objects of study in themselves. The results revealed that most of the work was developed in public schools, on subjects of physics and chemistry. During analytical reading of the text of the dissertations was observed that, in its construction, most of them addressed somehow, official documents governing the Brazilian educational system, that the products are basically teaching units and teaching approaches that are more focused on Experimentation and History and Philosophy of Science

A linguagem audiovisual do cinema como elemento integrador da arte e ciência na formação cultural dos professores de ciências e matemática

This work aims to study about the importance of cinema for cultural and professional training of teachers of Natural Sciences and Mathematics. The educational potential of cinema is emphasizing by different authors, which also reveal the teachers' training gap in this issue (media). In this study, we defend the audiovisual language of cinema as an integrating element of Arts and Science for cultural and professional training of teachers. This subject has been developed by different authors, in which the emphasis has been the importance of intelligent dialogue with the world. Specifically, the training of science teachers and mathematics, by the approach of Cinema in its formation, It envisions the possibility of minimizing the dichotomy between humanistic and scientific training, already much discussed by some researchers. Educational products contribute to an effective experience and reflection on the cultural and educational role of the Seventh Art. Considering the Cinema as a possible "bridge" between the two cultures (scientific culture and humanistic culture) and promoting ownership of audiovisual language in teacher training It was accomplished the I Exhibition - Cultural Spring: Cinema and Science Education in UFRN. The production of the booklet "Topics of History, Language and Art of Cinema for Science and Mathematics Teachers," and its application in a short course in the XXI National Symposium on Physics Teaching also aimed to contribute to the approximation of Science and Art in training teachers.

O ensino por investigação: construindo possibilidades na formação continuada do professor de ciências a partir da ação-reflexão

Studies and reflections about the current trends on teaching Science show us the importance of include in the teaching practice, activities with a investigative and problematic approach, that allow to the learners to understand and to apply concepts and phenomena scientifics. On this perspective, the teacher continuing education is essential to effect the practice of this approach in the classroom. Therefore, this research has as an objective to contribute with Science teacher continuing formation in the basic education, in the use of the investigative approach, with a view to overcoming obstacles and making change in pedagogical practice using this research elements. For this, a qualitative research with science teachers of basic schools in the city of Natal/ RN/ Brazil was held, who attended the training course on teaching by investigation in 2012, through the project entitled "Em Busca de Novos Talentos para a Ciência: uma intervenção no ensino público" (Searching New Talents for Science: an intervention in public education).The research was conducted in four stages: Diagnosis of the conceptions of education for research and incorporation into practice after the New Talents course; projection of the intervention, intervention and evaluation. To obtain the data it was made a questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, group studies, written records and participant observation. It was analyzed that the course had significant contributions to the participating teachers to promote the approach and the motivation for incorporation of the investigative approach in practice. The permanence of weaknesses related to the theoretical basis was found, the wear resistance, difficulty in planning activities and the change in practice, diagnosed the previous course of this research. It was also noticed certain lack of domain of teaching principles of investigation by the teachers, who despite being well understood in theory, reveal gaps in practice. Despite not having been exploited the full potential of investigative activity is apparent that the inclusion of activities with an investigative approach to science and biology classes is essential for an active, critical and reflective posture of the students as well as the interest in learning about science. It was demonstrated that intervention with moments of reflection, engagement, knowledge exchange, it was effective in overcoming difficulties identified at baseline as well as providing greater motivation to face the innovations and changes in education, suggesting an important format to considered in the course of continuing education. This is because the planning and replanning allow teachers to reflect and evaluate their practice, contributing to overcoming difficulties of teachers on a daily basis.

O ensino por investigação: construindo possibilidades na formação continuada do professor de ciências a partir da ação-reflexão

Studies and reflections about the current trends on teaching Science show us the importance of include in the teaching practice, activities with a investigative and problematic approach, that allow to the learners to understand and to apply concepts and phenomena scientifics. On this perspective, the teacher continuing education is essential to effect the practice of this approach in the classroom. Therefore, this research has as an objective to contribute with Science teacher continuing formation in the basic education, in the use of the investigative approach, with a view to overcoming obstacles and making change in pedagogical practice using this research elements. For this, a qualitative research with science teachers of basic schools in the city of Natal/ RN/ Brazil was held, who attended the training course on teaching by investigation in 2012, through the project entitled "Em Busca de Novos Talentos para a Ciência: uma intervenção no ensino público" (Searching New Talents for Science: an intervention in public education).The research was conducted in four stages: Diagnosis of the conceptions of education for research and incorporation into practice after the New Talents course; projection of the intervention, intervention and evaluation. To obtain the data it was made a questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, group studies, written records and participant observation. It was analyzed that the course had significant contributions to the participating teachers to promote the approach and the motivation for incorporation of the investigative approach in practice. The permanence of weaknesses related to the theoretical basis was found, the wear resistance, difficulty in planning activities and the change in practice, diagnosed the previous course of this research. It was also noticed certain lack of domain of teaching principles of investigation by the teachers, who despite being well understood in theory, reveal gaps in practice. Despite not having been exploited the full potential of investigative activity is apparent that the inclusion of activities with an investigative approach to science and biology classes is essential for an active, critical and reflective posture of the students as well as the interest in learning about science. It was demonstrated that intervention with moments of reflection, engagement, knowledge exchange, it was effective in overcoming difficulties identified at baseline as well as providing greater motivation to face the innovations and changes in education, suggesting an important format to considered in the course of continuing education. This is because the planning and replanning allow teachers to reflect and evaluate their practice, contributing to overcoming difficulties of teachers on a daily basis.

O ensino das ciências e a promoção de capacidades de pensamento crítico em alunos do 2.º ciclo do ensino básico

Relatório de estágio apresentado para a obtenção do grau de mestre em Ensino do 1º e do 2º ciclos do ensino básico

Jogos de negócio : o que leva o docente de cursos da área de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas a adotar a ferramenta de ensino

The Business Games are a growing teaching strategy and alternative to the academic front through the new process of Teaching and Learning. Through literature review and semi-structured interviews, this work addresses the teachers considering their subjectivity in deciding JN as the three profiles suggested by Faria and Wellington (2004): those who use it, those who stopped using and those who do not. The research corpus is limited to contributions of 22 respondents between master and doctors teachers of Applied Social Sciences area courses in colleges of Brasília (DF), Goiânia (GO), Ribeirão Preto (SP) and Uberlandia (MG). The content analysis of the interviews allowed to infer that: (1) join the teaching strategy is a commitment to a complex planning, with constant training and proactivity related to student feedback; (2) abandons the practice is becoming less common, because managers tend to recommend it and there are more and more software available for specific disciplines. Its discussed also other contributions (motivations) given by respondents of the three groups that were not found in the literature. It is hoped that this work will serve (1) incentive to teachers on the use of Business Games as a teaching strategy (2) consultation by managers when they decide about purchasing simulation software. Finally, stands out that the educational success of JN depends not only on the various motivations of teachers, as well as the interest and commitment of the student.

O tema água no ensino de ciências:uma proposta didático pedagógica elaborada com base nos três momentos pedagógicos

Science and technology are increasingly present in society’s everyday living, interfering with the appearance and social relationships, which requires from the population: knowledge, skills and actions to intervene consciously and responsibly in the new socio-cultural setting. The science education might become a great ally in the task of literacy and / or enable students to live consciously and critically in a world even more influenced by scientific and technological aspects. The aim of the dissertation is to develop a didactic-pedagogic proposal for science classes of the 6th year of elementary school, based on the "Generator Theme: Water and its treatment", involving the dynamics of the Three Pedagogic Moments. Such proposal consists of a Course which embraces seven teaching modules containing topics related to Generator Theme. The modules were designed and developed with four student groups of 6th year in twelve hours / class per group, with a total of approximately 120 students. The interpretation of the developed content, resulting from the thematic modules with students, led to the creation of five analysis categories. Considering the results, it is possible to conclude it is necessary, for successful teaching practices in the school environment, that the teachers embrace the aim of teaching in a meaningful way, drawing up activities that really recognize and include the student as an active subject of the educational and learning process. The use of activities that lead students to recognize themselves as main process actors, developing practices based on previous knowledge and on their specific learning, results in a situation which they will recognize the science in their lives, learn to be reflective and aware of their attitudes about the world where they live.

A promoção do pensamento crítico e as atividades experimentais nas aulas de Ciências naturais do 2º CEB

Relatório de estágio apresentado para obtenção do grau de mestre em Ensino do 1º e do 2º ciclos do ensino básico

O tema água no ensino de ciências: uma proposta didático pedagógica elaborada com base nos três momentos pedagógicos

Science and technology are increasingly present in society’s everyday living, interfering with the appearance and social relationships, which requires from the population: knowledge, skills and actions to intervene consciously and responsibly in the new socio-cultural setting. The science education might become a great ally in the task of literacy and / or enable students to live consciously and critically in a world even more influenced by scientific and technological aspects. The aim of the dissertation is to develop a didactic-pedagogic proposal for science classes of the 6th year of elementary school, based on the "Generator Theme: Water and its treatment", involving the dynamics of the Three Pedagogic Moments. Such proposal consists of a Course which embraces seven teaching modules containing topics related to Generator Theme. The modules were designed and developed with four student groups of 6th year in twelve hours / class per group, with a total of approximately 120 students. The interpretation of the developed content, resulting from the thematic modules with students, led to the creation of five analysis categories. Considering the results, it is possible to conclude it is necessary, for successful teaching practices in the school environment, that the teachers embrace the aim of teaching in a meaningful way, drawing up activities that really recognize and include the student as an active subject of the educational and learning process. The use of activities that lead students to recognize themselves as main process actors, developing practices based on previous knowledge and on their specific learning, results in a situation which they will recognize the science in their lives, learn to be reflective and aware of their attitudes about the world where they live.

Horta escolar: temas geradores e os momentos pedagógicos no ensino de ciências

Science application has faced problems in the process of training and cognizant thinking subjects in their actions. Thus, this work is justified in order to reorganize the contents of this area of knowledge. Thus, the research entitled "Plantation School: generating themes and teaching moments in teaching of science" was developed with a group of 6th grade of elementary school, from the planting of vegetables in tires without usefulness, with purpose of building meanings and scientific concepts to students. This work was based on sociointeractionist perspective of Vygotsky (1996, 1998), education for thematic research Freire (1983, 1996) as well as in problem-solving situations identified by the methodology of Pedagogical Moments Delizoicov and Angoti (1992; 2002 ) which together corroborated for the construction of a proposed teaching and learning, curriculum reorganization and significance of scientific concepts. Thus, the project breaks in practice with the linearity of the contents, to develop and analyze themes mediated by pedagogical moments, in order to ascertain the contribution of this methodological resource for the teacher's work, with regard to the understanding of scientific concepts by students. Thus, lesson plans were built based on the study situation "Horta School" and Themes Generators "human interaction with the environment", "photosynthesis", "Ecology and Nutrition of living beings", culminating in the work proposal developed in the classroom. From these themes, the contents were worked through pedagogical moments, which are organized into three stages: questioning, organization / systematization of knowledge and application / contextualization of knowledge. Thus, within each Theme Generator activities were planned which resulted in the involvement of students in learning scientific concepts, such as the issue of sustainability, environmental pollution, nutrition of living beings and the decomposition of organic matter. This work led and motivated student participation in Themes generators, and allows greater interaction between teacher-student and student among his peers, through dialogism established in the classroom, which promoted a more meaningful learning for students.

Práticas inclusivas em ciências: um estudo de caso com um jovem com CEI

A presente investigação corresponde à conceção, implementação e avaliação de um Programa de Ciências vocacionado para um aluno com Necessidades Educativas Especiais de Caráter Permanente, com Currículo Específico Individual e Plano Individual de Transição. Assim, pretendeu-se ajudar a desenvolver a literacia científica do aluno, no espírito da escola inclusiva, sempre do ponto de vista funcional. Deste modo, implementou-se um programa denominado Práticas Inclusivas em Ciências que, de uma forma articulada com as atividades pré-profissionalizantes na área da agricultura, ajudasse o aluno a desenvolver competências na prática agrícola, promovendo, assim, a sua funcionalidade e integração na vida profissional futura. Foi, ainda, propósito desta investigação refletir acerca do papel do professor de Educação Especial no desenvolvimento do programa supracitado. A presente investigação assumiu-se como qualitativa, sob a forma de estudo de caso, realizada com um aluno com incapacidade intelectual, sem restrições sensoriais ou motoras. Os resultados foram, globalmente, muito significativos, verificando-se a aquisição de conhecimentos por parte do sujeito de estudo capazes de consubstanciar a sua funcionalidade profissional, bem como o desenvolvimento de inúmeras competências transversais. Estes resultados emergiram da aplicação de uma metodologia "hands-on", "minds-on" e "hearts-on", denominada "learning-on" nesta investigação, por parte do professor de Educação Especial, tendo em conta a necessária diferenciação pedagógica. Com base nestes resultados, emerge a pertinência de uma Educação em Ciências para todos, promotora de literacia científica de um modo verdadeiramente inclusivo.

Links hipertextuais na comunicação científica: análise webométrica dos sítios acadêmicos latino-americanos em ciências sociais

VANTI, Nadia. Links hipertextuais na comunicação científica: análise webométrica dos sítios acadêmicos latino-americanos em Ciências Sociais. Porto Alegre, 2007. 292 f. Tese (Doutorado em Comunicação e Informação) – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre, 2007.