Cellulose and cellulose derivatives.

Vols. 4-5 have imprint: New York, Wiley-Interscience.

The cellulose-water relationship in paper-making,

Mode of access: Internet.

La cellulose et les éthers cellulosiques; leurs applications industrielles.

"Bibliographie": p. [345]

Cellulose,

Tr. of:Cellulose, cellulosepro- dukte und kautschuksurrogate

Cellulose decomposition by the Aspergilli with special reference to Aspergillus niger /

Literature cited: p. 45-46.

The chemistry of cellulose and wood,

Bibliography: p. 467-469; Bibliographical foot-notes.

Researches on cellulose,

Includes bibliographies.

Technology of cellulose ethers; a theoretical and practical treatise on the origin, history, chemistry, manufacture, technical application and analysis of the etherified celluloses and carbohydrate carboxylate ehters (esterified cellulose ethers, etherified organic cellulose esters) ...

Paged continuously.

Amylolytische, glycosidspaltende, proteolytische und Cellulose lösende Fermente in holzbewohnenden Pilzen.

Inaug.-Diss.--Erlangen.

Die chemie der cellulose unter besonderer berücksichtigung der textil- und zellstoffindustrien,

Mode of access: Internet.

Investigation of in vitro transdermal absorption of fentanyl from patches placed on skin samples obtained from various anatomic regions of dogs

Objective-To investigate in vitro transdermal absorption of fentanyl from patches through skin samples obtained from various anatomic regions of dogs. Sample Population-Skin samples from 5 Greyhounds. Procedure-Skin samples from the dogs' thoracic, neck, and groin regions were collected postmortem and frozen. After samples were thawed, circular sections were cut and placed in Franz-type diffusion cells in a water bath (32degreesC). A commercial fentanyl patch, attached to an acetate strip with a circular hole, was applied to each skin sample. Cellulose strips were used as control membranes. Samples of receptor fluid in the diffusion cells were collected at intervals for 48 hours, and fentanyl concentrations were analyzed by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. Results-Mean +/- SD release rate of fentanyl from the patch, defined by its absorption rate through the non-rate-limiting cellulose membrane, was linear during the first 8 hours (2.01 +/- 0.05 pg/cm(2) of cellulose membrane/h) and then decreased. Fentanyl passed through skin from the groin region at a faster rate and with a significantly shorter lag time, compared with findings in neck or thoracic skin samples. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-In vitro, fentanyl from a patch was absorbed more quickly and to a greater extent through skin collected from the groin region of dogs, compared with skin samples from the thoracic and neck regions. Placement of fentanyl patches in the groin region of dogs may decrease the lag time to achieve analgesia perioperatively; however, in vivo studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

Alpha-cellulose δ13C variation in mangrove tree rings correlates well with annual sea level trend between 1982 and 1999

A pilot study of tree rings in a modern mangrove tree (Rhizophora apiculata) from Leizhou Peninsula, northern South China Sea shows that ( 1) the tree-rings are annual; ( 2) the ring widths decrease; and ( 3) their alpha-cellulose delta(13)C values increase from 1982 to 1999 AD, consistent with the trends of annual sea level, salinity and sea surface temperatures in the same period. We propose that such changes were caused by increasingly longer duration of waterlogging in response to sea-level rise. If this is the case, alpha-cellulose delta(13)C in mangrove tree rings can be used as a potential indicator of past sea level fluctuations.

Insertion of an E-coli lacZ gene in Acetobacter xylinus for the production of cellulose in whey

A mini-Tn10:lacZ: kan was inserted into a wild-type strain of Acetobacter xylinus by random transposon mutagenesis, generating a lactose-utilising and cellulose-producing mutant strain designated ITz3. Antibiotic selection plate assays and Southern hybridisation revealed that the lacZ gene was inserted once into the chromosome of strain ITz3 and was stably maintained in non-selective medium after more than 60 generations. The modified strain had, on the average, a 28-fold increase in cellulose production and a 160-fold increase in beta-galactosidase activity when grown in lactose medium. beta-Galactosidase activity is present in either lactose or sucrose medium indicating that the gene is constitutively expressed. Cellulose and beta-galactosidase production by the modified strain was also evaluated in pure and enriched whey substrates. Utilisation of lactose in whey substrate by ITz3 reached 17 g l(-1) after 4 days incubation. (C) 2004 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Identification, detection, and spatial resolution of Clostridium populations responsible for cellulose degradation in a methanogenic landfill leachate bioreactor

An anaerobic landfill leachate bioreactor was operated with crystalline cellulose and sterile landfill leacbate until a steady state was reached. Cellulose hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and methanogenesis were measured. Microorganisms attached to the cellulose surfaces were hypothesized to be the cellulose hydrolyzers. 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were prepared from this attached fraction and also from the mixed fraction (biomass associated with cellulose particles and in the planktonic phase). Both clone libraries were dominated by Firmicutes phylum sequences (100% of the attached library and 90% of the mixed library), and the majority fell into one of five lineages of the clostridia. Clone group 1 (most closely related to Clostridium stercorarium), clone group 2 (most closely related to Clostridium thermocellum), and clone group 5 (most closely related to Bacteroides cellulosolvens) comprised sequences in Clostridium group III. Clone group 3 sequences were in Clostridium group XIVa (most closely related to Clostridium sp. strain XB90). Clone group 4 sequences were affiliated with a deeply branching clostridial lineage peripherally associated with Clostridium group VI. This monophyletic group comprises a new Clostridium cluster, designated cluster VIa. Specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes for the five groups were designed and synthesized, and it was demonstrated in FISH experiments that bacteria targeted by the probes for clone groups 1, 2, 4, and 5 were very abundant on the surfaces of the cellulose particles and likely the key cellulolytic microorganisms in the landfill bioreactor. The FISH probe for clone group 3 targeted cells in the planktonic phase, and these organisms were hypothesized to be glucose fermenters.