939 resultados para Aves cinegéticas


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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ecologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, 2016.

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141 p.

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Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, a sobrevivência e a efetividade de reversão de larvas de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus L.) alimentadas com rações contendo níveis crescentes de inclusão de farinha de vísceras de aves (FVA). Utilizou-se 500 larvas de tilápia do Nilo com dois dias de idade, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições, sendo a unidade experimental constituída por um aquário de 30 L com 20 larvas. Foram elaboradas cinco rações com cinco níveis de inclusão de FVA ( 0; 20; 40, 60% e 60% mais lisina sintética). Foram elaboradas rações isocalóricas, isocálcicas, isofosfóricas e isoprotéicas, com 60mg de a-metiltestosterona/kg, 38,6% de proteína digestível e 3.700 kcal de energia digestível/kg, de modo que a ração com inclusão de lisina foi isoaminoacídica para lisina em relação à ração sem a inclusão de FVA. O arraçoamento foi realizado quatro vezes ao dia, ad libitum. Ao final, foram avaliadas as médias de peso final (PF), comprimento total (CT), sobrevivência (SO) e efetividade de reversão (ER). Foi observado aumento linear no PF e CT com o aumento da inclusão da FVA na ração, enquanto, para SO, a ração sem FVA foi inferior às demais. As rações sem inclusão de FVA e com 20% de inclusão de lisina proporcionaram PF e CT médios inferiores e somente a ração sem FVA foi inferior para SO. Conclui-se que a FVA pode ser utilizada em rações para a tilápia do Nilo durante a reversão sexual.

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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, 2016.

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The diet study of birds has contributed historically as a model for use to understanding ecological patterns and strategies used by several other groups of vertebrates, which are observed in season patterns and temporal availability of resources, and other. This study has as objective generate information concerning the diet of insectivorous birds during rainy season and dry season, as well as analyze Index food importance, niche overlap, niche breadth, electivity, and seasonal availability of prey. The study was conducted in a fragment of about 270 ha (center coordinates and 5 º 53'S 35 ° 23'W). The sampling of birds occurred between March 2008 and December 2009 in three pre-established trails. Catches of birds were performed using 10 mist nets placed in line, where each trails was sampled once a month. Samples of pellets were obtained by means of tartar emetic. Sampling of availability of prey occurred between February 2009 to December 2009. We used two methods of sampling (pitfall traps and Shake cloths). We captured 269 individuals of 21 species of insectivorous birds. We collected 4116 invertebrates of which 3259 in the rainy season and 857 in the dry season. We obtained 174 samples stomach, where 10 species were exclusively insectivorous diet, nine fed on insect/plant material, an insect/plant material/vertebrate and one for insect/vertebrate. During the rainy season was observing difference between the consumption of items with higher food importance. The Coleoptera was item with higher food importance (73%), followed by Formicidae (7%) and Araneae (6%). During the dry season, no difference was found difference between the consumption of items with higher food importance. The Coleoptera was item with higher food importance (34%), followed by seeds (29%) and Formicidae (18%). The highest levels of niche overlap occurred during the rainy season, while the dry season was characterized by high levels of niche 11 segregation. This indicates that the local insectivorous birds community was structured differently between periods. No was found correlation between the values of niche breadth to the mean weight of the body size. We observed seasonal patterns in prey availability, with the peak availability of invertebrates observed seasonal patterns in rainy season. The insectivorous birds selected the same species richness during both periods, showing a specialized diet. Thamnophilus pelzelni was the only species that had their diet influenced by seasonality. Regarding the overall diet of insectivorous birds, observed a high consumption of prey, whose food availability caused the birds could invest and increase their food resources

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Resumo publicado em Livro de Atas

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Decidimos disponibilizar ao leitor uma obra que fosse mais do que um simples auxiliar de visita para fins ornitológicos. O livro cumpre esse propósito, mas não se esgota nesse destino: procurámos sinalizar, ainda que brevemente, outras dimensões, como o valor das aves em termos biológicos, culturais e sociais, alguns traços da sua história natural, bem como elementos que permitam uma caracterização sinecológica. E não descurámos a importância da ecologia urbana e o papel que o estudo das aves das cidades pode desempenhar para melhor compreendermos o funcionamento daquele ecossistema. O universo de leitores que ambicionamos é vasto. Tão vasto quanto o dos visitantes e frequentadores da Fundação Gulbenkian, e em particular do seu Jardim. Ousámos transmitir uma leitura do cortejo avifaunístico que permita também ilustrar a dinâmica sazonal do lugar, para que em qualquer período do ano o leitor possa aqui encontrar a utilidade que pretende.

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O uso de biofertilizante e materiais orgânicos no enriquecimento do substrato fornece nutrição balanceada às plantas. Avaliou-se crescimento e desenvolvimento de mudas de pimenta-de-cheiro, cultivar Lupita - Feltrin® sob diferentes concentrações de biofertilizante e esterco de aves. Conduziu-se experimento, em bandejas de poliestireno com 128 células, no Setor de Plantas Medicinais e Hortaliças da Embrapa, Manaus-AM.

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A produção de mudas vigorosas é um dos primeiros passos para o sucesso do cultivo de olerícolas. Os adubos orgânicos e biofertilizantes auxiliam no suprimento nutricional das plantas e tem menor custo quando obtidos na propriedade. Foi avaliado o uso de biofertilizante e esterco de aves sobre a produção de mudas de pimentão (cv. Dhara R, Sakata®).

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The ratite moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes) were a speciose group of massive graviportal avian herbivores that dominated the New Zealand (NZ) ecosystem until their extinction �600 years ago. The phylogeny and evolutionary history of this morphologically diverse order has remained controversial since their initial description in 1839. We synthesize mitochondrial phylogenetic information from 263 subfossil moa specimens from across NZ with morphological, ecological, and new geological data to create the first comprehensive phylogeny, taxonomy, and evolutionary timeframe for all of the species of an extinct order. We also present an important new geological/paleogeographical model of late Cenozoic NZ, which suggests that terrestrial biota on the North and South Island landmasses were isolated for most of the past 20–30 Ma. The data reveal that the patterns of genetic diversity within and between differentmoaclades reflect a complex history following a major marine transgression in the Oligocene, affected by marine barriers, tectonic activity, and glacial cycles. Surprisingly, the remarkable morphological radiation of moa appears to have occurred much more recently than previous early Miocene (ca. 15 Ma) estimates, and was coincident with the accelerated uplift of the Southern Alps just ca. 5–8.5 Ma. Together with recent fossil evidence, these data suggest that the recent evolutionary history of nearly all of the iconic NZ terrestrial biota occurred principally on just the South Island.

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Wing length is a key character for essential behaviours related to bird flight such as migration and foraging. In the present study, we initiate the search for the genes underlying wing length in birds by studying a long-distance migrant, the great reed warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus). In this species wing length is an evolutionary interesting trait with pronounced latitudinal gradient and sex-specific selection regimes in local populations. We performed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) scan for wing length in great reed warblers using phenotypic, genotypic, pedigree and linkage map data from our long-term study population in Sweden. We applied the linkage analysis mapping method implemented in GRIDQTL (a new web-based software) and detected a genome-wide significant QTL for wing length on chromosome 2, to our knowledge, the first detected QTL in wild birds. The QTL extended over 25 cM and accounted for a substantial part (37%) of the phenotypic variance of the trait. A genome scan for tarsus length (a bodysize-related trait) did not show any signal, implying that the wing-length QTL on chromosome 2 was not associated with body size. Our results provide a first important step into understanding the genetic architecture of avian wing length, and give opportunities to study the evolutionary dynamics of wing length at the locus level. This journal is© 2010 The Royal Society.

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The paper covers census work carried out in 1976-77 on the Greater Flamingoes on all the islands in the Galapagos Archipelago, Ecuador South America. The work was supported by funding from the World Wildlife Fund.

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In responding to future influenza pandemics and other infectious agents, plasmid DNA overcomes many of the limitations of conventional vaccine production approaches.