Assessing positive mental health in people with chronic physical health problems: correlations with socio-demographic variables and physical health status

Background: A holistic perspective on health implies giving careful consideration to the relationship between physical and mental health. In this regard the present study sought to determine the level of Positive Mental Health (PMH) among people with chronic physical health problems, and to examine the relationship between the observed levels of PMH and both physical health status and socio-demographic variables. Methods: The study was based on the Multifactor Model of Positive Mental Health (Lluch, 1999), which comprises six factors: Personal Satisfaction (F1), Prosocial Attitude (F2), Self-control (F3), Autonomy (F4), Problem-solving and Self-actualization (F5), and Interpersonal Relationship Skills (F6). The sample comprised 259 adults with chronic physical health problems who were recruited through a primary care center in the province of Barcelona (Spain). Positive mental health was assessed by means of the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (Lluch, 1999). Results: Levels of PMH differed, either on the global scale or on specific factors, in relation to the following variables: age: global PMH scores decreased with age (r=-0.129; p=0.038); b) gender: men scored higher on F1 (t=2.203; p=0.028) and F4 (t=3.182; p=0.002), while women scored higher on F2 (t -3.086; p=0.002) and F6 (t=-2.744; p=0.007); c) number of health conditions: the fewer the number of health problems the higher the PMH score on F5 (r=-0.146; p=0.019); d) daily medication: polymedication patients had lower PMH scores, both globally and on various factors; e) use of analgesics: occasional use of painkillers was associated with higher PMH scores on F1 (t=-2.811; p=0.006). There were no significant differences in global PMH scores according to the type of chronic health condition. The only significant difference in the analysis by factors was that patients with hypertension obtained lower PMH scores on the factor Autonomy (t=2.165; p=0.032). Conclusions: Most people with chronic physical health problems have medium or high levels of PMH. The variables that adversely affect PMH are old age, polypharmacy and frequent consumption of analgesics. The type of health problem does not influence the levels of PMH. Much more extensive studies with samples without chronic pathology are now required in order to be able to draw more robust conclusions.

Política cultural e hibridación de las instituciones culturales. El caso de Barcelona

Actualmente, los recortes en los presupuestos de cultura han impulsado un debate público sobre la necesidad de cooperación entre el sector público y el sector privado en la financiación y la gestión de las instituciones culturales. No obstante, en realidad, esta cooperación ya existe en el caso de Barcelona. El análisis presupuestario y de su gestión revela que la mayor parte de las instituciones culturales no pueden ser clasificadas ni en el sector público ni en el sector privado no lucrativo, sino que son híbridas. El artículo defiende que las hibridaciones que podemos encontrar se explican, en primer lugar, por el origen de las instituciones culturales y, en segundo lugar, por la orientación de la política cultural barcelonesa, caracterizada por la estrategia emprendedora del gobierno local. Finalmente, el artículo analiza los retos que plantean estos diferentes grados de hibridación con relación a la gobernanza de las instituciones culturales.

Development process and initial validation of the ethical conflict in nursing questionnaire-critical care version

Background: Ethical conflicts are arising as a result of the growing complexity of clinical care, coupled with technological advances. Most studies that have developed instruments for measuring ethical conflict base their measures on the variables"frequency" and"degree of conflict". In our view, however, these variables are insufficient for explaining the root of ethical conflicts. Consequently, the present study formulates a conceptual model that also includes the variable"exposure to conflict", as well as considering six"types of ethical conflict". An instrument was then designed to measure the ethical conflicts experienced by nurses who work with critical care patients. The paper describes the development process and validation of this instrument, the Ethical Conflict in Nursing Questionnaire Critical Care Version (ECNQ-CCV). Methods: The sample comprised 205 nursing professionals from the critical care units of two hospitals in Barcelona (Spain). The ECNQ-CCV presents 19 nursing scenarios with the potential to produce ethical conflict in the critical care setting. Exposure to ethical conflict was assessed by means of the Index of Exposure to Ethical Conflict (IEEC), a specific index developed to provide a reference value for each respondent by combining the intensity and frequency of occurrence of each scenario featured in the ECNQ-CCV. Following content validity, construct validity was assessed by means of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), while Cronbach"s alpha was used to evaluate the instrument"s reliability. All analyses were performed using the statistical software PASW v19. Results: Cronbach"s alpha for the ECNQ-CCV as a whole was 0.882, which is higher than the values reported for certain other related instruments. The EFA suggested a unidimensional structure, with one component accounting for 33.41% of the explained variance. Conclusions: The ECNQ-CCV is shown to a valid and reliable instrument for use in critical care units. Its structure is such that the four variables on which our model of ethical conflict is based may be studied separately or in combination. The critical care nurses in this sample present moderate levels of exposure to ethical conflict. This study represents the first evaluation of the ECNQ-CCV.

Development process and initial validation of the ethical conflict in nursing questionnaire-critical care version

Background: Ethical conflicts are arising as a result of the growing complexity of clinical care, coupled with technological advances. Most studies that have developed instruments for measuring ethical conflict base their measures on the variables"frequency" and"degree of conflict". In our view, however, these variables are insufficient for explaining the root of ethical conflicts. Consequently, the present study formulates a conceptual model that also includes the variable"exposure to conflict", as well as considering six"types of ethical conflict". An instrument was then designed to measure the ethical conflicts experienced by nurses who work with critical care patients. The paper describes the development process and validation of this instrument, the Ethical Conflict in Nursing Questionnaire Critical Care Version (ECNQ-CCV). Methods: The sample comprised 205 nursing professionals from the critical care units of two hospitals in Barcelona (Spain). The ECNQ-CCV presents 19 nursing scenarios with the potential to produce ethical conflict in the critical care setting. Exposure to ethical conflict was assessed by means of the Index of Exposure to Ethical Conflict (IEEC), a specific index developed to provide a reference value for each respondent by combining the intensity and frequency of occurrence of each scenario featured in the ECNQ-CCV. Following content validity, construct validity was assessed by means of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), while Cronbach"s alpha was used to evaluate the instrument"s reliability. All analyses were performed using the statistical software PASW v19. Results: Cronbach"s alpha for the ECNQ-CCV as a whole was 0.882, which is higher than the values reported for certain other related instruments. The EFA suggested a unidimensional structure, with one component accounting for 33.41% of the explained variance. Conclusions: The ECNQ-CCV is shown to a valid and reliable instrument for use in critical care units. Its structure is such that the four variables on which our model of ethical conflict is based may be studied separately or in combination. The critical care nurses in this sample present moderate levels of exposure to ethical conflict. This study represents the first evaluation of the ECNQ-CCV.

Lifestyle of the Elderly Receiving Home Care in Spain

The aim of this study is to examine the lifestyle characteristics and health status of the elderly in order to identify aspects that might help promote active ageing. Participants were 26 elderly citizens aged 75 or over who were the recipients of home care services in Vilafranca del Penedès (Barcelona, Spain). They were recruited by means of convenience sampling, and a case study approach was adopted. Fieldwork was conducted in April 2007, with a specially designed questionnaire administered in the context of an in-depth interview. Quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS 15, while qualitative data were analysed and grouped by category. The results indicated that 53.8% of the elderly interviewees perceived their health status as being regular, most did not have adequate nutrition and hydration, while 42.3% had chewing problems and 65.3% presented slight dependence. Most of them received visits at home, but did not go on leisure outings. The only exercise they took was walking. These findings highlight the need to promote and strengthen activities for healthy ageing, and to ensure that people over 75 receive adequate care. Programmes should be implemented to improve those aspects that are currently under-addressed.

Lifestyle of the Elderly Receiving Home Care in Spain

The aim of this study is to examine the lifestyle characteristics and health status of the elderly in order to identify aspects that might help promote active ageing. Participants were 26 elderly citizens aged 75 or over who were the recipients of home care services in Vilafranca del Penedès (Barcelona, Spain). They were recruited by means of convenience sampling, and a case study approach was adopted. Fieldwork was conducted in April 2007, with a specially designed questionnaire administered in the context of an in-depth interview. Quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS 15, while qualitative data were analysed and grouped by category. The results indicated that 53.8% of the elderly interviewees perceived their health status as being regular, most did not have adequate nutrition and hydration, while 42.3% had chewing problems and 65.3% presented slight dependence. Most of them received visits at home, but did not go on leisure outings. The only exercise they took was walking. These findings highlight the need to promote and strengthen activities for healthy ageing, and to ensure that people over 75 receive adequate care. Programmes should be implemented to improve those aspects that are currently under-addressed.

Lifestyle of the Elderly Receiving Home Care in Spain

The aim of this study is to examine the lifestyle characteristics and health status of the elderly in order to identify aspects that might help promote active ageing. Participants were 26 elderly citizens aged 75 or over who were the recipients of home care services in Vilafranca del Penedès (Barcelona, Spain). They were recruited by means of convenience sampling, and a case study approach was adopted. Fieldwork was conducted in April 2007, with a specially designed questionnaire administered in the context of an in-depth interview. Quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS 15, while qualitative data were analysed and grouped by category. The results indicated that 53.8% of the elderly interviewees perceived their health status as being regular, most did not have adequate nutrition and hydration, while 42.3% had chewing problems and 65.3% presented slight dependence. Most of them received visits at home, but did not go on leisure outings. The only exercise they took was walking. These findings highlight the need to promote and strengthen activities for healthy ageing, and to ensure that people over 75 receive adequate care. Programmes should be implemented to improve those aspects that are currently under-addressed.

HouSI: Heuristic for delimitation of housing submarkets and price homogeneous areas

This paper seeks to address the problem of the empirical identification of housing market segmentation,once we assume that submarkets exist. The typical difficulty in identifying housing submarkets when dealing with many locations is the vast number of potential solutions and, in such cases, the use of the Chow test for hedonic functions is not a practical solution. Here, we solve this problem by undertaking an identification process with a heuristic for spatially constrained clustering, the"Housing Submarket Identifier" (HouSI). The solution is applied to the housing market in the city of Barcelona (Spain), where we estimate a hedonic model for fifty thousand dwellings aggregated into ten groups. In order to determine the utility of the procedure we seek to verify whether the final solution provided by the heuristic is comparable with the division of the city into ten administrative districts.

Frontals d'altar medievals: marques d'eines a la fusta i tecnologia de construcció del suport

Els frontals d'altar medievals conservats a Catalunya i a la Catalunya Nord presenten unes similituds en els seus suports de fusta que permeten agrupar- los entre el ls segons els seus modelsconstructius.Per altra banda també permeten arribar a concebre com es van construir les diferents parts que els composen i amb quines eines es va treballar la fusta .L'estudi presentat es centra concretament en les marques de les eines de fuster que han quedat gravades als suports ¡ que ens permeten saber de quines eines es tractava, com s'utilitzaven ¡quinsistema es va seguir per la construcció d'aquestes estructures.Històricament no s'ha donat gens de valor als suports de fusta d'aquestes peces en comparació amb la seva capa pictòrica i, per aquest motiu, s'han portat a terme mutilacions del suport o reparacionsestructurals que no han tingut en compte la conservació dels seus elements originals. Les marques d'eina sovint han passat desapercebudes i en molts casos s'han malmès o bé s'han eliminat degut ales intervencions poc respectuoses que s'han fet al llarg del segle XX.L'objectiu de la recerca que s'està portant a terme és identificar les marques a la fusta original delssuports i poder relacionar-les amb les eines que es van utilitzar en el seu moment i fer un inventaride les marques per poder utilitzar-lo en estudis posteriors.Aquest treball s'ha desenvolupat dins la línia d'investigació del Grup de Recerca ConsolidatConservació-Restauració del Patrimoni 2014-16 - SGR 459G de la Facultat de Belles Arts, Universitatde Barcelona, anomenada Estudi tecnològic dels suports de béns culturals: materials i tècniques de producció.

Ensayos sobre nuevas metodologías para la limpieza y consolidación de documento gráfico

Desde el año 2012, en el grupo Conservació-Restauració del Patrimoni de la Facultat de Belles Arts, Universitat de Barcelona (Grup de Recerca Consolidat 2014- 16 SGR 459G reconocido porla Generalitat de Catalunya), se está desa rrollando un proyecto de investigación sobre el uso de nuevos procedimientos de limpieza mecánica y consolidación de documento gráfico mediante fibrasde celulosa. La limpieza mecánica más extendida en documento gráfico se realiza con gomas. El procedimiento, apesar de habitual, comporta riesgos potenciales para el soporte y para los elementos sustentados albasarse en mecanismos de fricción y/o abrasión que pueden ultrapasar la suciedad. Así, modificaciónde textura y/o brillo (Pearlstein et al., 1982; Sterlini, 1995), cambios en las propiedades físicas(James & Cohn, 1997; Mclnnis, 1980) y alteraciones químicas y/o mecánicas a largo plazo (DaudinSchotteet al., 2010; Moffatt & Laver, 1981; Moy, 2007; Silverman & Irwin, 2009) son los riesgos habitualmente referidos en la literatura. Para minimizar estos inconvenientes y como posible alternativa, se está eva luando la limpieza conmicroproyección de fibras de celulosa como alternativa a las gomas. Una de las principales ventajasprincipales de este procedimiento radica en el hecho de que el agente de limpieza es altamente compatible con la obra ya que tiene una composición muy similar. Por lo tanto, su empleo podríareducir la posibilidad de afectar negativamente la estabilidad química de la pieza a corto o largo plazo.Hasta el momento se han realizado ensayos comparativos entre gomas y microproyección para la limpieza de grabados calcográficos con resultados satisfactorios en eficacia y preservación de la obra a corto y medio plazo (Iglesias-Campos et al., 2014a; Iglesias-Campos & Ruiz-Recasens, 2014 enprensa; Iglesias-Campos, et al., 2014 en prensa). Paralelamente se realizan ensayos de envejecimiento artificial con los que comparar los posibles efectos en el tiempo entre ambas técnicas.

La conservació-restauració en el préstec de Béns Culturals per a exposicions temporals. Recursos per sistematitzar la documentació i garantir les millors condicions per als Béns Culturals en trànsit

Com a resultat de les práctiques realitzades al Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya (MNAC), entrenovembre de 2010 i febrer de 2011, emmarcades dins del Practicum del Màster de Direcció de Projectes de Conservació Restauració (Facultat de Belles Arts, Universitat Barcelona) vaig entraren contacte amb l'activitat del préstec d'obres d'art per a exposicions temporals. L'interès que em va suscitar, juntament amb el desconeixement que tenia en la matèria, em van portar a dedicarel Treball Final de Master a la recerca deis diferents aspectes que envolten el préstec de Béns Culturals en exposicions temporals, començant per una visió més global i acabant de centrar laproposta en l'àmbit de la conservació-restauració (i especialment en l'activitat documental que requereix).El treball pretén demostrar que la sistematització d'aquesta documentació és una eina bàsica per a un bon desenvolupament del procés de préstec, i ho fa fixant-se especialment en la documentació que depen de l'Àrea de Conservació-Restauració que, al cap i a la fi, és la documentació que hade permetre neutralitzar els riscos que pot comportar el préstec per a la integritat de les obres en trànsit...

El retorn a la vida. Treballs de restauració i estudi a dues peces del Museu Egipci de Barcelona

Es tracta de tres rotlles de papir, dos d’ells d’apariéncia iguals i el tercer ben diferent amb grandària i estat de conservació.Els dos primers de tamany i patologies semblants, enrotllats amb l’escriptura per la part interior,per la qual cosa en un principi no es podia identificar, semblaven ser el mateix rotlle partit pel elmig, el tercer, si be aparentava ser igual que els altres, venia plegat per un costat i més deteriorat, al desplegar-los resultaren ser tots tres la continuïtat del mateix text.

Mediterranean-climate streams and rivers: geographically separated but ecologically comparable freshwater systems

Streams and rivers in mediterranean-climate regions (med-rivers in med-regions) are ecologically unique, with flow regimes reflecting precipitation patterns. Although timing of drying and flooding is predictable, seasonal and annual intensity of these events is not. Sequential flooding and drying, coupled with anthropogenic influences make these med-rivers among the most stressed riverine habitat worldwide. Med-rivers are hotspots for biodiversity in all med-regions. Species in med-rivers require different, often opposing adaptive mechanisms to survive drought and flood conditions or recover from them. Thus, metacommunities undergo seasonal differences, reflecting cycles of river fragmentation and connectivity, which also affect ecosystem functioning. River conservation and management is challenging, and trade-offs between environmental and human uses are complex, especially under future climate change scenarios. This overview of a Special Issue on med-rivers synthesizes information presented in 21 articles covering the five med-regions worldwide: Mediterranean Basin, coastal California, central Chile, Cape region of South Africa, and southwest and southern Australia. Research programs to increase basic knowledge in less-developed med-regions should be prioritized to achieve increased abilities to better manage med-rivers.

Frontals d'altar medievals: marques d'eines a la fusta i tecnologia de construcció del suport

Els frontals d'altar medievals conservats a Catalunya i a la Catalunya Nord presenten unes similituds en els seus suports de fusta que permeten agrupar- los entre el ls segons els seus modelsconstructius.Per altra banda també permeten arribar a concebre com es van construir les diferents parts que els composen i amb quines eines es va treballar la fusta .L'estudi presentat es centra concretament en les marques de les eines de fuster que han quedat gravades als suports ¡ que ens permeten saber de quines eines es tractava, com s'utilitzaven ¡quinsistema es va seguir per la construcció d'aquestes estructures.Històricament no s'ha donat gens de valor als suports de fusta d'aquestes peces en comparació amb la seva capa pictòrica i, per aquest motiu, s'han portat a terme mutilacions del suport o reparacionsestructurals que no han tingut en compte la conservació dels seus elements originals. Les marques d'eina sovint han passat desapercebudes i en molts casos s'han malmès o bé s'han eliminat degut ales intervencions poc respectuoses que s'han fet al llarg del segle XX.L'objectiu de la recerca que s'està portant a terme és identificar les marques a la fusta original delssuports i poder relacionar-les amb les eines que es van utilitzar en el seu moment i fer un inventaride les marques per poder utilitzar-lo en estudis posteriors.Aquest treball s'ha desenvolupat dins la línia d'investigació del Grup de Recerca ConsolidatConservació-Restauració del Patrimoni 2014-16 - SGR 459G de la Facultat de Belles Arts, Universitatde Barcelona, anomenada Estudi tecnològic dels suports de béns culturals: materials i tècniques de producció.

Ensayos sobre nuevas metodologías para la limpieza y consolidación de documento gráfico

Desde el año 2012, en el grupo Conservació-Restauració del Patrimoni de la Facultat de Belles Arts, Universitat de Barcelona (Grup de Recerca Consolidat 2014- 16 SGR 459G reconocido porla Generalitat de Catalunya), se está desa rrollando un proyecto de investigación sobre el uso de nuevos procedimientos de limpieza mecánica y consolidación de documento gráfico mediante fibrasde celulosa. La limpieza mecánica más extendida en documento gráfico se realiza con gomas. El procedimiento, apesar de habitual, comporta riesgos potenciales para el soporte y para los elementos sustentados albasarse en mecanismos de fricción y/o abrasión que pueden ultrapasar la suciedad. Así, modificaciónde textura y/o brillo (Pearlstein et al., 1982; Sterlini, 1995), cambios en las propiedades físicas(James & Cohn, 1997; Mclnnis, 1980) y alteraciones químicas y/o mecánicas a largo plazo (DaudinSchotteet al., 2010; Moffatt & Laver, 1981; Moy, 2007; Silverman & Irwin, 2009) son los riesgos habitualmente referidos en la literatura. Para minimizar estos inconvenientes y como posible alternativa, se está eva luando la limpieza conmicroproyección de fibras de celulosa como alternativa a las gomas. Una de las principales ventajasprincipales de este procedimiento radica en el hecho de que el agente de limpieza es altamente compatible con la obra ya que tiene una composición muy similar. Por lo tanto, su empleo podríareducir la posibilidad de afectar negativamente la estabilidad química de la pieza a corto o largo plazo.Hasta el momento se han realizado ensayos comparativos entre gomas y microproyección para la limpieza de grabados calcográficos con resultados satisfactorios en eficacia y preservación de la obra a corto y medio plazo (Iglesias-Campos et al., 2014a; Iglesias-Campos & Ruiz-Recasens, 2014 enprensa; Iglesias-Campos, et al., 2014 en prensa). Paralelamente se realizan ensayos de envejecimiento artificial con los que comparar los posibles efectos en el tiempo entre ambas técnicas.