Estratégias Produtivas e Tecnológicas das empresas da Indústria Farmacêutica do Brasil e da Índia: um exame a partir de indicadores aplicados aos fluxos de comércio exterior

This work aims to evaluate the different trajectories in terms of production structure, technological capabilities and performance in international trade of pharmaceutical industries in Brazil and India. For this, we build international trade indicators, based on data provided by the COMTRADE, the UN database for trade. Through the indicators, it is observed that the countries have different results in the catch-up process of the pharmaceutical industry. India has built a productive structure strongly based on generic drugs, with which it is able to greatly meet domestic demand and export to many countries worldwide. Brazil remains in a position of dependence of foreign production, with a high level of imports and exports to the region of Latin America

El sector brasileño del azúcar y el alcohol: evolución, cadena productiva e innovaciones

Traduzida em The Brazilian sugar and alcohol sector: evolution, productive chain and innovations . CEPAL Review, n. 103, p. 167-185, apr. (http://www.eclac.cl/publicaciones/xml/6/44066/RVI103Strachmanetal.pdf).

Estratégias tecnológicas em transformação: um estudo da indústria farmacêutica brasileira

The aim of this research is to analyze the extension of changes in technological strategies of a group of Brazilian pharmaceutical companies, which we believe were induced by transformations in the institutional environment during the 1990s. Major institutional changes, such as the enacting of laws that recognized drug patents rights and fostered generic drugs market, have strengthened the market insertion and competitive position of these companies, what would enable an increase in research and development efforts in Brazil. In addition to the literature on technology strategy and drug industry, this study was based on interviews with six Brazilian pharmaceutical companies, all of which were ranked among the top national companies in the industry and have been considered in previous studies particularly active in the process of changing technological strategies. This research confirmed a significant intensification of technology efforts carried out by Brazilian drug companies. Nevertheless, the R&D intensity is still far below the global pattern and innovative impacts are slight.

Inovações tecnológicas e contexto escolar: reflexões necessárias

In modern society technologies have played an important space exerting influences in different spheres. Today's young people are born immersed in the digital and virtual reality, which has changed the ways of learning, as well as to relate to the world. All this context has intensified the debate on the potential of ICT in education and training means. In this study, we sought to investigate the teachers' vision of ICT in the school environment, how they are being incorporated into the school and the limits and possibilities of the use of ICT in the learning process. Questionnaires were administered to 150 teachers who teach in high school in the state network of São Paulo teaching, but specifically in Piracicaba. Continuing, semi-structured interviews with a group of 8 directors were carried out so that there was a deepening on the issues raised by teachers in the questionnaire. The research brought to light important issues for discussion and referral measures striving to support public policies of integration of ICT in schools. Teachers spoke about the advantages and disadvantages of their use and the process of integration. It was observed that, despite efforts to implementation, there are still problems with infrastructure of schools, teacher training and working conditions

Composição físico-química e propriedades tecnológicas da farinha de folhas de mandioca

Cassava leaves can be considered an important nutritional source when compared to other commonly consumed vegetables leaves. Cassava leaves have high levels of protein, fiber and minerals, and arestill underexplored due to the lack of information regarding the use of them as afood product, as well as, their use as an industrial raw material. The consumption of cassava leaves in fresh form is impractical due to the presence of cyanide, thereby it is required a pretreatment to be performed to reduce this component. The objective of this study was to produce and characterize the four made with cassava leaves as its chemical composition, color, indices of absorption and water solubility, and pasting properties, aiming to provide information of interest for possible application as an ingredient in the food industry. Cassava leaf flour showed low moisture content (6.6 %)and significant amounts of fiber (30.68 %), protein (23.00 %), and total carbohydrate (22.27%). Drying and milling processes allowed to obtain a flour with a low content of total cyanide (0.3 mg 100g-1 ), and the presence of vitamin C (56.6 mg 100g-1 ) and β –carotene (38 mg 100g- 1 ). The color analysis of cassava leaf flour showed low lightness with, predominantly, green and yellow pigments. The cassava leaf flour presented good solubility (14.85 %) and water absorption (6.87 g gel. g-1 ). Pasting properties showed a low peak of viscosity and a higher final viscosity with a retrogradation tendency, indicating a low capacity of this flour to form gel. The flour of cassava leaves can be a good source of nutrition when used as a food ingredient in soups and pasta. However, it is not indicated to products that require high gel formation.

Biodiesel renovável derivado de microalgas: avanços e perspectivas tecnológicas

Microalgae are a promising source of raw material for biodiesel production. This review discusses the latest developments related to the application of microalgae biomass for biodiesel production. Characterization of fatty acid of microalgae and comparisons with other sources of raw materials and processes are presented. Furthermore, technological perspectives and approaches for growing microalgae in photobioreactors, microalgal oil extraction techniques, and procedures for synthesizing biodiesel are reviewed.

Aportaciones tecnológicas en la preservación del semen en la raza caprina

Programa de doctorado: Clínica e investigación terapeútica.

Cambios en contextos de colonización: opciones económicas y transformaciones tecnológicas en el norte de Mendoza entre los siglos XV y XVII (Rca. Argentina)

[ES]Se analizan los cambios en las opciones económicas y la tecnología cerámica de la población indígena del norte de Mendoza (Centro Oeste Argentino), como consecuencia de la dominación inca y la colonia europea. Con base en la evidencia arqueológica y etnohistórica se reflexiona sobre estas transformaciones a luz del concepto de etnogénesis. Se concluye que los agentes de cambio -nuevos contextos de producción y consumo- influyeron de modo distinto: durante el incario y la colonia se mantuvieron prácticas ancestrales de subsistencia a la vez que se incorporaron nuevas; por el contrario, la producción cerámica cambió drásticamente en cada período de dominación. [EN] This paper analyses the changes in subsistence practices and ceramic technology in the local indigenous population of northern Mendoza (west central Argentina), which resulted from the Inca domination and the European colonization. Based on the archaeological and ethnohistorical evidence, we discuss these changes in relation to the concept of ethnogenesis. We conclude that agents of change -new contexts of production and consumption- affected this differently: during the Inca period and colony, ancestral subsistence practices were preserved, in addition to the new ones; on the contrary, ceramic production drastically changed in each period.

Apoyando innovaciones locales: Un instrumento para el fortalecimiento de innovaciones locales y la promoción del desarrollo rural sostenible: Experiencias de dos talleres pilotos de MASAL y CDE realizados en laprovincia de Cuzco, Perú

Local communities have often underestimated their endogenous potentials for innovation – potentials that could help them adapt to changing socio-cultural, political, economic and environmental conditions, to improve their livelihoods, develop their own visions, and negotiate their own priorities. While the significance of local innovation potentials for sustainable development is now increasingly acknowledged, projects and development plans rarely attempt to explicitly develop these potentials; nor do they try to disseminate local innovations within and among communities. Based on the conceptual framework of “social learning”, CDE has developed an instrument to promote existing local potential for innovation. The instrument is based on social learning processes involving different stakeholder groups in local contexts. It was successfully tested during two pilot workshops in a rural development context in the Peruvian highland. The present paper reports on the experience of these two workshops held in April and May 2004 in the communities of Tungasuca in the Cuzco Province. The paper describes the context of innovations and the methodology applied, followed by a detailed description of the contents and outcomes of the workshops, as well as the experience gained in the process. Finally it draws a set of conclusions and presents the lessons learnt.

Diploma: Facilitación del desarrollo local y la gestión sostenible de los recursos naturales: Módulo I: Apoyando Innovaciones Locales

Pilot workshop of the instrument "Promoting Local Innovations", realized in Tungasuca, Peru, on 19-24 April, 2004.

Las buenas prácticas docentes en los profesorados universitarios desde la perspectiva del alumnado FHyCS - UNaM. En: Jornadas Científico Tecnológicas 40 aniversario UNaM

La investigación: “Las buenas prácticas de enseñanza que apoyan el ingreso y la permanencia de los estudiantes en los profesorados de la FHyCS-UNaM - Código 16H 330”, atiende dificultades del ingreso y permanencia de los estudiantes universitarios. Hay tres maneras en que las distintas universidades adoptan el problema: despreocuparse, preocuparse u ocuparse. El tema no es nuevo, innovamos el enfoque, al identificar en primer año de cinco profesorados de la FHyCS - UNaM, las “buenas prácticas”, ideadas y aplicadas, por los formadores. Recogimos información utilizando: cuestionarios auto - administrados, observaciones, entrevistas y análisis de dispositivos pedagógicos durante 2011/12, en el presente año procesaremos datos, documentos, opiniones diversas. En esta ponencia caracterizamos las buenas prácticas docentes desde la perspectiva y voz del alumnado de primer año. Al finalizar: a) identificaremos estrategias que favorecen el ingreso; b) aportaremos conocimientos al campo profesional, didáctico y curricular; c) socializaremos hallazgos entre pares; y d) promoveremos las buenas prácticas docentes.

Análisis de las dimensiones pedagógicas y tecnológicas del Área de Informática FHyCS-UNaM. En: Segundo Encuentro Provincial de Investigación Educativa.

Este proyecto, generado desde las demandas que se exponen al Área de Informática provenientes de los ámbitos internos y externos de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (FHyCS) de la Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM), plantea una doble perspectiva: un espacio curricular de aprendizaje con características propias y un centro de recursos de tecnología informática, surgidas a partir de las reorientaciones del área y su impacto sobre el cambio curricular El diseño contempla las peculiaridades de diversas áreas de conocimientos que contribuyen a la discusión de teorías, enfoques metodológicos generales y específicos con sus respectivas técnicas, validaciones y la formulación de una evaluación consensuada sobre el área de informática, tendiente a reorientar su quehacer e impactos curriculares. Todo esto con el convencimiento de que las instituciones de educación superior pueden promover acciones coordinadas y articuladas entre sus académicos, y focalizar sus esfuerzos de investigación y tecnológicos hacia el mejoramiento de las condiciones de vida y de trabajo en sus ámbitos institucionales. Con este proyecto de investigación se busca aportar elementos teóricos, conceptuales y críticos para abordar la consolidación y desarrollo del Área de Informática a través de la formulación de un plan estratégico y participativo entre todos los actores sociales del área.

Con las ollas en el caldero : reflexiones sobre el valor de ciertas artesanías

El objetivo de este artículo es abordar la cuestión del análisis y revalorización de ciertos productos artesanales que carecen de una dimensión estética significativa. Específicamente, tomo el caso de las ollas cerámicas de Cristobalina González, quien vivió en Malargüe, al menos hasta la década del 60 del siglo XX. Como marco teórico me baso en las consideraciones del cubano Dennis Moreno y las ideas que he podido derivar de ellas. La hipótesis que guía el desarrollo de este escrito es la siguiente: los cacharros cerámicos elaborados por doña Cristobalina González, de acuerdo con las técnicas tradicionales, heredadas de sus antepasados indígenas, constituyen auténticas artesanías cuyo valor fundamental radica, no en la estructura formal que presentan, sino en las condiciones en que fueron producidas.