Social interactions and resource ownership in two private protected areas of Paraguay

This paper describes the results of field research to dissect how social interactions differ between two reserves in Paraguay having very different styles of governance. The two reserves were Mbaracayu Natural Forest Reserve (Reserva Natural del Bosque de Mbaracayti, RNBM) and San Rafael Managed Resource Reserve (Reserva de Recursos Manejados San Rafael, RRMSR). RNBM is a private reserve owned by a non-governmental organisation. while RRNISR is a publicly-managed reserve, albeit with a substantial degree of private land ownership. Both reserves are intended to protect Atlantic Forest, one of the five world biodiversity 'hotspots', and also one of the most highly threatened. Each reserve and its buffer zone comprises a set of stakeholders, including indigenous communities and farmers, and the paper explores the interactions between these and the management regime. Indeed, while the management regimes of the two reserves are different, one being highly top-down (RNBM) and the other more socially inclusive (RRMSR), the issues that they have to deal with are much the same. However, while both management regimes will readily acknowledge the need to address poverty, inequality appears to be a far more sensitive issue. Whereas this may be expected for the privately-owned RNBM it is perhaps more surprising in RRNISR even when allowing for the fact that much of the land in the latter is in private hands. It is argued that the origins of this sensitivity rest within the broader features of Paraguayan society, and the prevalence of private land ownership. Yet ironically, it is the inequality in land ownership that is perhaps the most significant threat to conservation in both reserves. Therefore, while reserve-level analyses can provide some insight into the driving forces at play in the interaction between conservation and sustainable management, larger scales may be necessary to gain a fuller appreciation of the dynamics operating at site level. Even in a society with a history of centralised control these dynamics may be surprising. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Protozoários de vida livre em ambientes aquáticos do RN: ocorrência, caracterização e importância para a educação básica

Water is considered an essential right to life, besides being a determinant of economic development and social welfare, represented by both the quantity available, and the quality. In semi-arid Northeast, droughts occurring on a regular basis combined with human activities, aggravate the situation regarding the conservation of water resources in this area. To alleviate this condition is common to construction of artificial reservoirs, such as reservoirs and dams. As in natural aquatic environments, these reservoirs are potential sites for the proliferation, growth and development of diverse biological communities, whether of animals, plants and microorganisms. Research on the composition and ecology of these communities, especially microbial, are still restricted. One of the least studied groups in these environments are free-living protozoa, which over time have been neglected and after discoveries about its various functions in the aquatic ecosystem are beginning to receive more attention from scholars. They are, in quantitative terms, the most important consumers of microorganisms (mainly bacteria and algae) in aquatic environments, and therefore control the abundance of these. They may therefore influence the structure of the aquatic food chain in terms of species composition, abundance, biomass and biodiversity. Despite the recognition of the importance of protozoa in the final of the trophic transfer in aquatic environments, there are few data and, in general, are still precarious knowledge of them. Given the importance of protozoa in aquatic environments and the paucity of research on this group, especially in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, the present study aimed at identifying the genus and species of free-living protozoa that are present in the Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves Dam as well as to relate the occurrence and dynamics of the trophic conditions in the environment in which they are inserted, in order to support the hypothesis that species that are in these environments can serve to indicate the water quality. We observed the presence of 65 taxa of free-living protozoa, of which 29 were identified at the species level. There was a similarity space in taxonomic composition of protozoa, suggesting a possible regulation of this type of community for limnological variables other than those studied in this work (chlorophyll a, pH, temperature). Although it was aimed to analyze the conceptions of teachers and students from nearby towns Dam Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves, on issues relating to water quality and the role of protozoa. For this, we applied questionnaires with teachers and pupils of public schools of San Rafael and Itajá. It was concluded that teachers and students recognize the multi-dam Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves, although unaware of important aspects of the dynamics and ecology of this environment. Conceptions of teachers and students are matched at various times, especially with regard to waterborne diseases. In an attempt to identify possible misconceptions about the knowledge of the protozoa, assuming that these organisms have neglected their ecological role, and are seen as only, disease, a study was done with teachers and students, following a particular methodology that allowed look so clear and precise results. It was clear that knowledge about the free-living protozoa is still quite limited. The alternative conceptions that were found show a direct relation of protozoans and diseases. From the data obtained by these studies, we planned a series of science communication activities, environmental education and health education in schools close to study environments in order to promote a didactic transposition of accumulated knowledge about these organisms, favoring continuing education of teachers and the increase of information to the local community through the knowledge of biodiversity and ecology of these organisms. Moreover, the results found in this study and reflections on it that led to propose the elaboration of a book Readers with an emphasis on the group of freeliving protozoa in the populations for use in public schools in the region where it was developed the semiarid work

Influence of Implant Inclination Associated With Mandibular Class I Removable Partial Denture

The aim of this study was to use two-dimensional finite element method to evaluate the displacement and stress distribution transmitted by a distal extension removable partial denture (DERPD) associated with an implant placed at different inclinations (0, 5, 15, and 30 degrees) in the second molar region of the edentulous mandible ridge. Six hemimandibular models were created: model A, only with the presence of the natural tooth 33; model B, similar to model A, with the presence of a conventional DERPD replacing the missing teeth; model C, similar to the previous model, with a straight implant (0 degrees) in the distal region of the ridge, under the denture base; model D, similar to model C, with the implant angled at 5 degrees in the mesial direction; model E, similar to model C, with the implant angled at 15 degrees in the mesial direction; and model F, similar to ME, with the implant angled at 30 degrees in the mesial direction. The models were created with the use of the AutoCAD 2000 program (Autodesk, Inc, San Rafael, CA) and processed for finite element analysis by the ANSYS 8.0 program (Swanson Analysis Systems, Houston, PA). The force applied was vertical of 50 N on each cusp tip. The results showed that the introduction of the RPD overloaded the supporting structures of the RPD and that the introduction of the implant helped to relieve the stresses of the mucosa alveolar, cortical bone, and trabecular bone. The best stress distribution occurred in model D with the implant angled at 5 degrees. The use of an implant as a support decreased the displacement of alveolar mucosa for all inclinations simulated. The stress distribution transmitted by the DERPD to the supporting structures was improved by the use of straight or slightly inclined implants. According to the displacement analysis and von Mises stress, it could be expected that straight or slightly inclined implants do not represent biomechanical risks to use.

Management and water resources in Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

La gestión de los recursos hídricos en América Latina y el Caribe

Incluye Bibliografía

Carta Circular de la Red de Cooperación en la Gestión Integral de Recursos Hídricos para el Desarrollo Sustentable en América Latina y el Caribe N° 41

El tema del diseño de sistemas apropiados de gestión del agua reviste enorme importancia para América Latina y el Caribe. En este documento, se destaca la asistencia técnica dada a un gran número de países en la formulación y puesta en marcha de leyes, regulaciones y políticas públicas relacionadas con los recursos hídricos. Esto siempre hecho bajo la óptica de que la inserción sustentable del agua en la economía y en la sociedad depende de un adecuado equilibrio entre intereses públicos, ambientales, económicos, sociales y privados.

Network for Cooperation in Integrated Water Resource Management for Sustainable Development in Latin America and the Caribbean N° 41

• Editorial remarks.-- Open discussion: Tariffs and subsidies: the current situation and trends in the region ; State-owned utilities and the flight from public law: challenges and trends ; Challenges and opportunities in access to water and sanitation in rural areas.-- Meetings: Proposals based on the Water and Environment Initiative consensuses.-- News of the Network: Peru’s Compensation Mechanisms for Ecosystem Services Act ; Ecuador’s Act on Water Resources and Water Use and Exploitation ; The environmental dynamics of groundwater in Mexico ; The Water Citizenship Programme in the province of Mendoza, Argentina.-- Internet and WWW News

Misiones en el contexto transfronterizo con Paraguay y Brasil. Representaciones identitarias a partir de la memoria construida y difundida. “Pasos” con historia y diversas prácticas sociales cotidianas. 16H317

En relación con la extensión del campo empírico en el que trabajan los investigadores y que a la vez, se corresponde con la residencia en distintos lugares de la frontera, hemos decidido ubicar en forma integrada los ítems 7, 8 y 9 perteneciente a los investigadores, de acuerdo con los avances que fueron realizando. Entendimos que esta modalidad proporcionaba un mejor ordenamiento, en particular para este proyecto. En este sentido dichos ítems se colocan a continuación del punto 9, a diferencia de la directora y co directora que describen los puntos 1 a 5 de la producción del proyecto. A continuación se detallan las actividades realizadas por la directora y co directora en el área Nordeste de la provincia, el trabajo de campo fue realizado en las ciudades de San Antonio y Bernardo de Irigoyen. Entrevistas realizadas en, Septiembre de 2011. San Antonio: Escuela N° 581- Paraje Piñalito Norte, Escuela N° 287 Paraje Giachino, Escuela Agrotécnica San Antonio (EASA) Paraje Forestal,, Estación de POLICIA, Municipalidad: Concejo municipal, Escuela de Frontera N° 612, Escuela N° 844, Gendarmería. Bernardo de Irigoyen: -Escuela de Frontera N° 604, Escuela Bilingüe N° 1, Gendarmería, INTA, Entrevistadas realizadas en Octubre de 2011, Dionisio Cerqueira- Santa Catarin, Área de Control Integrado -ACI-Escuela Dr Theodoureto Carlos de Faría Souto, Barraçao- Paraná, Colegio Estadual, Facultade da Fronteira. San Antonio: Escuela Argentina, Escuela Humberto de Campos, Empresa de molinos Perón-Ferrari S. A. Bernardo de Irigoyen: Escuela de Frontera Nº 604 y Bilingüe Nº 1, Supervisora de la región, Secretario Escolar

Carmen de Juan : transformaciones de su estilo musical en su carrera compositiva

La investigación da cuenta de los cambios en estilo y lenguaje musical que la compositora mendocina del siglo XX, Carmen de Juan, adoptó a lo largo de su carrera. En sus comienzos, sus composiciones se caracterizan por una escritura tonal con algunos rasgos impresionistas; más adelante se volcó a la técnica del dodecafonismo, que adaptó de una manera muy personal a sus necesidades expresivas. Finalmente Carmen de Juan escribió su música en un lenguaje atonal más libre, incorporando algunos recursos aleatorios que se manifiestan gráficamente en sus partituras.

El niño cantor : aspectos musicales y fisiológicos de la voz cantada infantil

La necesidad de estudiar la voz infantil se desprende del reconocimiento de las características anatómicas y fisiológicas distintivas del órgano vocal de los niños y su relación con el entrenamiento vocal. En el presente trabajo intentaremos describir dichas peculiaridades en la voz infantil cantada y hablada para obtener una serie de pruebas objetivas que sirvan como medio de evaluación de la voz de los niños de Mendoza.

Entrando a la música de cuerpo entero : un enfoque cognitivista para la enseñanza inicial de los instrumentos

La ejecución de un instrumento musical es un procedimiento complejo que, con un fin de expresión artística, conjuga habilidades provenientes de una diversidad de campos que exceden lo estrictamente musical. El individuo que se inicia en el estudio de un instrumento puede reducir la complejidad de la situación aprovechando su experiencia personal en los diferentes dominios involucrados. Tomando como marco teórico estudios cognitivistas que analizan los mecanismos de apropiación de conocimiento nuevo a partir de la reposición de conocimiento previo, las autoras trabajan sobre su adaptación al campo de la enseñanza inicial de los instrumentos musicales.

En búsqueda de nuestras raíces musicales : el proyecto "Raíces" y su vinculación con la maestría en interpretación de música latinoamericana del Siglo XX

No todos los compositores latinoamericanos han gozado de reconocimiento y difusión y muchas de sus obras se han perdido o no han sido editadas. En consonancia con los objetivos de la Maestría en Interpretación de Música Latinoamericana del Siglo XX, el proyecto "Raíces" busca recopilar obras e insertarlas en una base de datos de carácter interactivo. El presente trabajo da cuenta de los antecedentes y desarrollo de dicho proyecto.

Los pioneros de la cerámica mendocina moderna (1900-1950) : rescate y revalorización de técnicas, procedimientos y contribuciones

El artículo es un avance de la investigación que se está realizando en el marco de los proyectos de la Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica SECyT. Intenta comprender y sistematizar los procesos de producción de la cerámica en Mendoza en la primera parte del siglo XX. Propone una cronología por etapas teniendo en cuenta la especificidad de los procesos de producción, lo que permite integrar la información fragmentaria existente con una serie de comentarios que articulan coherentemente esos fragmentos.

El sutil universo de las formas : homenaje a Eliana Molinelli

Fil: Benchimol, Silvia. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Artes y Diseño

El diseño y el imperativo ecológico

La degradación del medio ambiente surge en las sociedades desarrolladas en un contexto de plena industrialización; en los países no desarrollados, sin embargo, aparece en un contexto de incipiente o nula industrialización. Dado que a inicios de los '70 se esperaba que los países no desarrollados entraran en un proceso acelerado de crecimiento, los problemas ambientales derivados de la falta de desarrollo fueron relegados dentro del debate mundial. El diseño no escapó a esta tendencia, adoptando como propios problemas de otras sociedades. En el presente trabajo se hace una revisión de la problemática ambiental implícita en el concepto de Ecodiseño al tiempo que se brindan nuevos elementos de análisis para una interpretación desde el diseño en la periferia.