Seminário arquitetura institucional de apoio às OSCs (partes 1, 2 e 3)

O Seminário arquitetura institucional de apoio às organizações da sociedade civil no Brasil aconteceu no dia 4 de abril de 2013 e serviu como debate para os resultados da pesquisa sobre a sustentabilidade politica e financeira das OSCs de defesa de direitos no Brasil. Esta pesquisa, realizada em parceria com a articulação 3D – dialogo, direito e democracia, resultou na publicação do livro Arquitetura Institucional de apoio às organizações da sociedade civil no Brasil

Leitura rítmica em denominadores 2, 4 e 8

Material destinado a alunos iniciantes de Música, com sugestões para atividades didáticas.

Avaliação da eficiência da mistura pronta de glyphosate + 2,4-D no controle da Commelina virginica L. em citros

Um dos herbicidas mais utilizados para o controle de plantas daninhas em pós-emergência nos pomares cítricos paulistas é o glyphosate. No entanto, este herbicida aplicado isoladamente e nas doses recomendadas, tem proporcionado seleção da planta daninha trapoeraba (Commelina virginica L.), devido à grande tolerância da mesma, somada à eficiente eliminação das demais espécies da comunidade infestante. em vista disso, e pela falta de opções , faz-se necessária a pesquisa de outros herbicidas ou misturas de herbicidas que sejam eficientes no controle da trapoeraba, de baixa toxicidade para os aplicadores, sistêmicos, e que sejam seletivos às plantas cítricas. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de estudar a eficiência da mistura pronta dos herbicidas glyphosate + 2,4-D amina no controle da trapoeraba em citros [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck], em comparação com estes mesmos herbicidas aplicados isoladamente, bem como os possíveis efeitos fitotóxicos da mesma à cultura. O experimento foi instalado na região de Catanduva-SP, em um pomar de laranja Pera clone Rio, enxertada sobre limão Cravo, com dez anos de idade, plantado em um espaçamento de 8,0 x 6,5 m. A aplicação dos herbicidas foi realizada em 20 de fevereiro de 1991, de forma dirigida, em pós-emergência tardia da trapoeraba, quando a mesma já florescia e tinha altura variável entre 15 e 60 cm. A análise e interpretação dos resultados obtidos mostraram que a mistura pronta de glyphosate + 2,4-D apresenta um controle superior da trapoeraba em relação aos produtos aplicados isoladamente, não havendo diferenças significativas no controle para doses superiores a 0,60 + 0,80 kg i.a./ha. Os dados obtidos reforçam a teoria de sinergismo entre os dois produtos. em nenhum dos tratamentos foi verificado sintomas visuais de intoxicação nas laranjeiras.

Ticks' response to feeding on host immunized with glandular extracts of Rhipicephalus sanguineus females fed for 2, 4, and 6 days. I. Inactivity or early degeneration of salivary glands?

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Detached leaf culture: Viability to evaluate 2,4-D toxicity symptoms in cotton apex leaves

To study the viability of detached leaf culture technique, studies were carried out with detached leaves from cotton apex (true trilobed leaves). The prepared leaves were sprayed with 2,4-D amine and ester, at rates of 10, 30, 70, and 100% of the recommended doses. Detached leaves without herbicide spray were used as controls. Simultaneously, a greenhouse experiment was conducted with the same treatments as used for the detached leaves experiment. Toxicity was measured through a 0-to-5 grading according to the percentage of affected leaf area in the detached leaves experiment or examining the affected rate of whole plant as indicated in the greenhouse. Results showed that the ester form of the herbicide induced earlier and more severe toxicity symptoms in detached leaves and greenhouse grown plants. Positive and significant correlations (p < 0.001) were found between toxicity results obtained at 7 and 14 days after application in detached leaves and greenhouse plants (r = 0.97 and 0.92, respectively). Negative, significant correlations (p < 0.005) were found between the toxicity levels found at 7 and 14 days after application in detached leaves and dry matter of cotton plants grown in the greenhouse (r = -0.92 and -0.92, respectively).

Influência da chuva na eficácia do herbicida 2,4-D no controle de Myriophyllum aquaticum

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência de controle de duas doses do herbicida 2,4-D pulverizado em plantas de M. aquaticum e submetido à simulação de chuva em diferentes períodos de tempo após sua aplicação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, disposto em um esquema fatorial 2 x 8 (duas doses de herbicida e oito intervalos de chuva). Utilizou-se o herbicida 2,4-D, na formulação comercial DMA 806, em duas doses: 670 e 1.340 g e.a. ha-1. A simulação de uma chuva de 15 mm, com duração de cinco minutos, foi realizada em oito intervalos de tempo após a pulverização do herbicida (0,25h, 0,5h, 1h, 2h, 4h, 8h, 12h e sem chuva). Foram realizadas avaliações visuais de controle aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos. As duas doses avaliadas do herbicida 2,4-D foram eficientes no controle das plantas de M. aquaticum, mesmo com ocorrência de chuva 15 minutos após sua aplicação.

Synthesis, characterization, X-ray structure and in vitro anti mycobacterial and antitumoral activities of Ru(II) phosphine/diimine complexes containing the "SpymMe(2)" ligand, SpymMe(2)=4,6-dimethyl-2-mercaptopyrimidine

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Synthesis, Characterization and Pharmacological Evaluation of 1-(2-Chloro-6-Fluorophenyl)-5-Methylindolin-2-One: A New Anti-Inflammatory Compound with Reduced Gastric Ulceration Properties

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação imuno-histoquímica das galectinas-1, -3, -4 e -7 em carcinoma epidermóide de língua.

Several studies are carried out with aim to establish parameters to determine biologic behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma, in order this neoplasm presents high rates of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of present research was to performe a clinic, morphologic and immunohistochemical analysis by the expression of galectins 1, 3, 4 and 7 in 65 cases of tongue squamous cell carcinoma, correlating this expression with clinics (outcome of the disease, metastasis and clinical staging) and morphologic parameters (malignancy histologic gradation system). The clinical and morphologic parameters analysed and expression of galectins 1, 3, 4 and 7 were submitted to statistical analysis (Qui2 test), observing that can be utilized as indicators of the biological behavior of the tongue squamous cell carcinoma. The galectin 1 was expressed in 87,7% of cases studied and it exhibit statistically significant correlation with metastasis (p=0,033) and clinical staging (p=0,016), it is located mostly in the citoplasm of the stomal cells. The immunoexpression of galectin 3 in 87,7% of cases was correlated with the presence of metastasis (p=0,033) and malignancy histological gradation system (p=0,031), observed, mostly of cases, in tongue squamous cell carcinoma of malignancy high grading. The galectin 4 showed no statistical significance to any of the parameters evaluated. The expression of galectin 7 in 73,8% of cases showed statistically significant correlation with the malignancy histologic grading (p=0,005), which is marking exclusively found in neoplastic epithelial cells, in the mostly of cases, it is found in cytoplasm and membrane (50%). The expressive immunopositivy of the galectins 1, 3 and 7, observed in this research, leads us to suggest a broad participation of these proteins in oral carcinogenesis, and its possible use as markers of biological behavior and tumor progression in cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue

A simplified and higher dynamic range version of the J(1) ... J(4) method for optical phase measurements

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Lack of chemopreventive effects of ginger on colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) has been proposed as a promising candidate for cancer prevention. Its modifying potential on the process of colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was investigated in male Wistar rats using the aberrant crypt foci (ACF) assay. Five groups were studied: Groups 1-3 were given four s.c. injections of DMH (40 mg/kg b.w.) twice a week, during two weeks, whereas Groups 4 and 5 received similar injections of EDTA solution (DMH vehicle). After DMH-initiation, the animals were fed a ginger extract mixed in the basal diet at 0.5% (Group 2) and 1.0% (Groups 3 and 4) for 10 weeks. All rats were killed after 12 weeks and the colons were analyzed for ACF formation and crypt multiplicity. The rates of cell proliferation and apoptosis were also evaluated in epithelial colonic crypt cells. Dietary consumption of ginger at both dose levels did not induce any toxicity in the rats, but ginger meal at 1% decreased significantly serum cholesterol levels (p < 0.038). Treatment with ginger did not suppress ACF formation or the number of crypts per ACF in the DMH-treated group. Dietary ginger did not significantly change the proliferative or apoptosis indexes of the colonic crypt cells induced by DMH. Thus, the present results did not confirm a chemopreventive activity of ginger on colon carcinogenesis as analyzed by the ACF bioassay and by the growth kinetics of the colonic mucosa. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Histological analyses of thermal effect caused by 1.2 W diode laser irradiation at rat periodontal pockets

The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the thermal effects caused by 810 nm 1.2 W diode laser irradiation of periodontal tissues. Despite all data available concerning the laser application for periodontal treatment, one of the most relevant challenges is to prevent the harmful tissue heating induced by different clinical protocols. Periodontal pockets were induced at molars in 96 rats. Several irradiation powers under CW mode were investigated: 0, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200 mW. The pockets were irradiated using a 300 A mu m frontal illumination fiber. The animals were killed at 4 or 10 days after irradiation. The mandible was surgically removed and histologically processed. The histological sections stained with H/E demonstrated that irradiation parameters up to 1000 mW were thermally safe for the periodontal tissues. The sections stained with Brown & Brenn technique evidenced bacteria in the periodontal tissues. Consequently, the diode laser irradiation as a unique treatment was not capable to eliminate bacteria of the biofilm present in the pockets. According to the methodology used here, it was concluded that the thermal variation promoted by a diode laser can cause damage to periodontal tissues depending on the energy density used. The 1.2 W diode laser irradiation itself does not control the bacteria present in the biofilm of the periodontal pockets without mechanical action. The knowledge of proper high intensity laser parameters and methods of irradiation for periodontal protocols may prevent any undesirable thermal damage to the tissues.

Constructions of codes through the semigroup ring B[X; 1/2(2)Z(0)] and encoding

For any finite commutative ring B with an identity there is a strict inclusion B[X; Z(0)] subset of B[X; Z(0)] subset of B[X; 1/2(2)Z(0)] of commutative semigroup rings. This work is a continuation of Shah et al. (2011) [8], in which we extend the study of Andrade and Palazzo (2005) [7] for cyclic codes through the semigroup ring B[X; 1/2; Z(0)] In this study we developed a construction technique of cyclic codes through a semigroup ring B[X; 1/2(2)Z(0)] instead of a polynomial ring. However in the second phase we independently considered BCH, alternant, Goppa, Srivastava codes through a semigroup ring B[X; 1/2(2)Z(0)]. Hence we improved several results of Shah et al. (2011) [8] and Andrade and Palazzo (2005) [7] in a broader sense. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Hydrodechlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane by rhodium catalysts under water gas shift reaction conditions

Homogeneous catalysts prepared from rhodium trichloride in aqueous aromatic amines have been shown to reduce C-CI bonds under mild water gas shift conditions (T=100 degrees C, P-CO = 1.0 atm). In a 4-picoline/water solvent mixture, 1,2-dichloroethane is reduced to ethylene and ethane in yields compatible with the consumption of the reducing agent CO and with the formation of CO2. Variation of the catalyst solutions by using different substituted pyridines shows a pattern of catalytic activity parallel to that reported previously for H-2 production from the shift reaction, There is a moderate dependence of activity on the basicity of the aromatic amine, but a methyl group at the alpha-position exercises a strong negative steric effect. Long term studies show decrease of the activity with the time perhaps due to the build up of chloride in the medium. (C) 1999 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Superstrings in graviphoton background and N=1/2+3/2 supersymmetry

Motivated by Ooguri and Vafa, we study superstrings in flat R-4 in a constant self-dual graviphoton background. The supergravity equations of motion are satisfied in this background which deforms the N = 2 d = 4 flat space super-Poincare algebra to another algebra with eight supercharges. A D-brane in this space preserves a quarter of the supercharges; i.e. N = 1/2 supersymmetry is realized linearly, and the remaining N = 3/2 supersymmetry is realized nonlinearly. The theory on the brane can be described as a theory in noncommutative superspace in which the chiral fermionic coordinates theta(alpha) of N = 1 d = 4 superspace are not Grassman variables but satisfy a Clifford algebra.