Fitoplancton del mar peruano durante el invierno 2001

Estudia los volúmenes del plancton en superficie variaron entre 0,02 mL/m3 y 11,0, promedio 0,77 mL/m3; el zooplancton destacó con 73%; la presencia del fitoplancton alcanzó 21%m caracterizado por diatomeas neríticas. En áreas próximas a la costa predominaron diatomeas de fases intermedias, además de especies pequeñas de afloramiento costero.

Aspectos biológicos de los principales recursos pelágicos marinos peruanos durante el invierno 2001

Estudiode los cambios en distribución, estructura por tamaños y niveles de biomasa de los principales recursos pelágicos. La más alta biomasa de anchoveta se registró entre 6 a 14° S; el rango de tamaños fue polimodal (3,0 a 19,0 cm. LT), con moda principal en 14,5 cm. y modas secundarias en 9,5 y 15,5 cm.

Distribución de nueve especies pelágicas abundantes en el mar peruano durante el verano austral 2001

Estudia el muestreo, de Tumbes a Tacna, comprendió hasta 120 mn de la costa, en transectos paralelos perpendiculares a la costa, separados 15 mn. La técnica hidroacústica se basó en la interpolación de datos. Las especies pelágicas de mayor abundancia fueron nueve: la anchoveta, la sardina, el jurel, la caballa, la samasa, el bagre, la viciguerria, la múnida, el calamar.

Adquisición de Bienes y/o Contratación de Servicios Mediante la Utilización del Sistema de Gestión Logística (SIGI)

Establecer las normas y procedimientos administrativos necesarios para la planificación, adjudicación, contratación, adquisición, recepción y distribución de bienes y/o contratación de servicios para el IMARPE, regulando los procedimientos, obligaciones y responsabilidades que se deriven de los mismos, mediante la utilización del Sistema Automatizado de Gestión Logística (SIGI).

Ist ein Dossier bei der IV, ist es meist bereits zu spät! Replik und Erweiterung der durch R. Conne angestossenen Diskussion über Arbeitsfähigkeit und Invalidenversicherung

Im Artikel «Arbeitsfähigkeit und Invalidenversicherung » von R. Conne [1] wird treffend das heutige Malaise der Arbeitsplatzrehabilitation beschrieben. Dies gilt aber nicht nur für die Arbeitsunfähigkeit aus psychischen Gründen, sondern ebenso für die Arbeitsunfähigkeit wegen muskuloskeletaler Schmerzen. Die Schwierigkeiten einer Arbeitsplatzrehabilitation sind aber nicht speziell auf die Invalidenversicherung zurückzuführen. Sie gründen einerseits auf strukturellen Gegebenheiten der Schweiz, wie eine wenig in den Betrieben verankerte Arbeitsmedizin, und Zugang zu Rehabilitationsmedizin, und andererseits auf dem Fehlen einer klaren Kostenträgerregelung oder -verantwortung. R. Conne beschreibt in seinem Artikel treffend das heutige Malaise in der Schweiz in bezug auf Arbeitsplatzrehabilitation oder Wiedererlangung der Arbeitsfähigkeit. Er bezieht sich dabei vor allem auf die Arbeitsunfähigkeit aus psychischen Gründen. Wir möchten als am Rande angesprochene Arbeitsmedizinerin und angesprochener Rehabilitationsmediziner die Diskussion aufgreifen und erweitern. Die Erweiterung betrifft einerseits den Einbezug von nicht psychisch begründeter Arbeitsunfähigkeit und andererseits auch die allgemeine Versicherungssituation in der Schweiz, und dies verschiebt unserer Meinung nach den Problemfokus von der Invalidenversicherung auf die allgemeine Versicherungssituation. [Autoren]

Conservative management of pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic fistula (PF), which is a major complication of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), can be treated conservatively or by reoperation. The aim of this study was to evaluate conservative management of PF, which was attempted whenever possible as a first-intention treatment in a large series of PD. STUDY DESIGN: From 1990 to 2000, 242 patients underwent PD with pancreaticogastrostomy. PF was observed in 31 (13%) and was defined by an amylase-rich surgical drainage fluid (above fivefold serum amylase) after postoperative day 5, or by presence on CT scan of a fluid collection located close to the anastomosis or containing amylase-rich fluid, or by operative findings in case of reoperation. Conservative management included total parenteral nutrition, nasogastric suction, imaging-guided percutaneous drainage of collection when necessary, and somatostatin or its analogues. RESULTS: PF was symptomatic in 20 patients (65%). Amylase level on surgical drainage fluid was elevated in 23 patients (74%). Four patients (13%), including two with hemorrhage and two with intraabdominal collection not accessible by percutaneous approach, were not considered for conservative management and underwent early reoperation. Conservative management was successful in the 27 patients (100%) in whom it was attempted, including the 10 who required percutaneous drainage. The only death (3%) occurred after massive hemorrhage complicating misdiagnosed PF. Mean hospital stay was 36 +/- 12 days (range 18 to 71) after successful conservative management. CONCLUSIONS: Conservative management of PF complicating PD is feasible and successful in above 85% of patients.

Sequential therapist interventions and the therapeutic alliance: a pilot study

(from the journal abstract) Scientific interest for the concept of alliance has been maintained and stimulated by repeated findings that a strong alliance is associated with facilitative treatment process and favourable treatment outcome. However, because the alliance is not in itself a therapeutic technique, these findings were unsuccessful in bringing about significant improvements in clinical practice. An essential issue in modern psychotherapeutic research concerns the relation between common factors which are known to explain great variance in empirical results and the specific therapeutic techniques which are the primary basis of clinical training and practice. This pilot study explored sequences in therapist interventions over four sessions of brief psychodynamic investigation. It aims at determining if patterns of interventions can be found during brief psychodynamic investigation and if these patterns can be associated with differences in the therapeutic alliance. Therapist interventions where coded using the Psychodynamic Intervention Rating Scale (PIRS) which enables the classification of each therapist utterance into one of 9 categories of interpretive interventions (defence interpretation, transference interpretation), supportive interventions (question, clarification, association, reflection, supportive strategy) or interventions about the therapeutic frame (work-enhancing statement, contractual arrangement). Data analysis was done using lag sequential analysis, a statistical procedure which identifies contingent relationships in time among a large number of behaviours. The sample includes N = 20 therapist-patient dyads assigned to three groups with: (1) a high and stable alliance profile, (2) a low and stable alliance profile and (3) an improving alliance profile. Results suggest that therapists most often have one single intention when interacting with patients. Large sequences of questions, associations and clarifications were found, which indicate that if a therapist asks a question, clarifies or associates, there is a significant probability that he will continue doing so. A single theme sequence involving frame interventions was also observed. These sequences were found in all three alliance groups. One exception was found for mixed sequences of interpretations and supportive interventions. The simultaneous use of these two interventions was associated with a high or an improving alliance over the course of treatment, but not with a low and stable alliance where only single theme sequences of interpretations were found. In other words, in this last group, therapists were either supportive or interpretative, whereas with high or improving alliance, interpretations were always given along with supportive interventions. This finding provides evidence that examining therapist interpretation individually can only yield incomplete findings. How interpretations were given is important for alliance building. It also suggests that therapists should carefully dose their interpretations and be supportive when necessary in order to build a strong therapeutic alliance. And from a research point of view, to study technical interventions, we must look into dynamic variables such as dosage, the supportive quality of an intervention, and timing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved)

Mutants of common bean alpha-amylase inhibitor-2 as an approach to investigate binding specificity to alpha-amylases

Despite the presence of a family of defense proteins, Phaseolus vulgaris can be attacked by bruchid insects resulting in serious damage to stored grains. The two distinct active forms of a-amylase inhibitors, a-AI1 and a-AI2, in P. vulgaris show different specificity toward a-amylases. Zabrotes subfasciatus a-amylase is inhibited by a-AI2 but not by a-AI1. In contrast, porcine a-amylase is inhibited by a-AI1 but not by a-AI2. The objective of this work was to understand the molecular basis of the specificity of two inhibitors in P. vulgaris (a-AI1 and a-AI2) in relation to a-amylases. Mutants of a-AI2 were made and expressed in tobacco plants. The results showed that all the a-AI2 mutant inhibitors lost their activity against the insect a-amylases but none exhibited activity toward the mammalian a-amylase. The replacement of His33 of a-AI2 with the a-AI1-like sequence Ser-Tyr-Asn abolished inhibition of Z. subfasciatus a-amylase. From structural modeling, the conclusion is that the size and complexity of the amylase-inhibitor interface explain why mutation of the N-terminal loop and resultant abolition of Z. subfasciatus a-amylase inhibition are not accompanied by gain of inhibitory activity against porcine a-amylase.

Linhagens de feijoeiro com resistência à antracnose selecionadas quanto a características agronômicas desejáveis

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar entre as linhagens de feijoeiro resistentes à antracnose, aquelas com alta produtividade, tipo de grãos Carioca, resistência à mancha-angular (Phaeoisariopsis griseola) e porte arbustivo. Foram avaliadas 256 linhagens oriundas de um programa de melhoramento genético por retrocruzamentos. Quatro experimentos foram conduzidos em três locais no Estado de Minas Gerais, em que foram avaliadas a produção e o tipo de grãos, o porte e a reação à mancha-angular. Observaram-se acentuadas diferenças genéticas entre as linhagens e, conseqüentemente, as herdabilidades foram também elevadas e propiciaram acentuados ganhos com a seleção. A maioria das correlações fenotípicas estimadas entre os caracteres não foi significativa, indicando a possibilidade de seleção de linhagens superiores em todos os fenótipos de interesse. Foram selecionadas cinco linhagens com alto potencial produtivo, grãos do tipo Carioca, porte arbustivo e maior nível de resistência à mancha-angular, sendo que duas delas possuem uma pirâmide de alelos de resistência à antracnose.

Efeito de banhos terapêuticos com formalina sobre indicadores de estresse em tambaqui

A formalina tem sido usada no controle de doenças parasitárias, porém existem poucas informações sobre o efeito secundário desse produto sobre os peixes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de concentrações terapêuticas de formalina na homeostase de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum Cuvier 1818) por meio de índices fisiológicos. Os banhos terapêuticos foram realizados em tanques de 100 L, com soluções de formalina a 0, 100, 150, 200 e 250 mg/L, em tempos de exposição de 0, 30, 60 e 120 minutos; a recuperação dos animais em tanques, sem adição de formalina à água, foi avaliada após 24 horas. Foi realizada a coleta de sangue da veia caudal dos peixes para determinação de glicose, cloretos, sódio, potássio e cálcio. Os peixes não exibiram sinais de estresse na concentração de 100 mg/L de formalina em todos os tempos de exposição. Contudo, banhos de 200 e 250 mg/L causaram aumentos significativos nos níveis de glicose após 30 minutos de exposição. Os resultados sugerem que a formalina pode ser usada nas concentrações de 100 e 150 mg/L em banhos de 30, 60 e 120 minutos e nas concentrações de 200 e 250 mg/L em banhos de até 30 minutos sem comprometer a homeostase do tambaqui.

Análise espectral e temporal da cultura do café em imagens Landsat

A definição da resposta espectral da cultura do café é uma das etapas na identificação de lavouras cafeeiras em imagens de satélites de sensoriamento remoto, para fins de mapeamento e estimativa de área plantada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial das imagens adquiridas pelos satélites da série Landsat, no mapeamento da cultura do café para a previsão de safras. Foi feita uma análise temporal do comportamento espectral de lavouras de café-formação e café-produção por meio de imagens livres de nuvens adquiridas nos anos de 1999 e 2001. Também foi analisado o comportamento espectral das classes pastagem e mata, que compõem os alvos de maior ocupação na área de estudo. As imagens do período seco foram mais eficientes no mapeamento de lavouras de café-formação e café-produção. As imagens da banda 4 dos dois sensores apresentaram melhor diferenciação espectral entre café e os demais alvos da cena. A reflectância do café-produção apresentou grande variabilidade entre lavouras, que pode ser atribuída à idade, espaçamento de plantas, cultivar, indicando a necessidade de trabalho em campo para a correta identificação das lavouras de café nas imagens Landsat.

Chemical nature of soil humified fractions and their bioactivity

The aim of this work was to evaluate the humus composition from an Ultisol from Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil. Soil samples of four depths (0-0.05, 0.05-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m) and its chemical nature were analysed by elemental composition, E4/E6 ratios and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. The bioactivity of these humified substances was evaluated through their action on maize root growth and H+-ATPase activity of roots microsomes. In topsoil, the content of high condensed alkaline soluble humic substances is greater than that found in the subsuperficial layers. The chemical nature of humic and fulvic acids also varied with the soil depth. The humic acids isolated from the soil samples exhibited higher bioactivity compared with the fulvic acids. Moreover, the results suggest that more condensed humic substances can promote highest stimulation of the microsomal H+-ATPases from maize roots. These data reinforce the concept that the activity of the H+ pumps can be used as a biochemical marker for evaluation of humic substances bioactivity.

Remaining phosphorus and sodium fluoride pH in soils with different clay contents and clay mineralogies

The remaining phosphorus (Prem) has been used for estimating the phosphorus buffer capacity (PBC) of soils of some Brazilian regions. Furthermore, the remaining phosphorus can also be used for estimating P, S and Zn soil critical levels determined with PBC-sensible extractants and for defining P and S levels to be used not only in P and S adsorption studies but also for the establishment of P and S response curves. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of soil clay content and clay mineralogy on Prem and its relationship with pH values measured in saturated NaF solution (pH NaF). Ammonium-oxalate-extractable aluminum exerts the major impacts on both Prem and pH NaF, which, in turn, are less dependent on soil clay content. Although Prem and pH NaF have consistent correlation, the former has a soil-PBC discriminatory capacity much greater than pH NaF.