999 resultados para trabalho de conclusão de curso


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The black-tufted-marmoset (Callithrix penicillata), abundant in the southeastern state of São Paulo, is an exotic and invasive species . The present study aimed to study the behavior and make monitoring a population black-tufted-marmoset in man-made environment. The observations were made following the method of scan sampling, which consists of continuous observations with a duration of three minutes with a fifteen-minute intervals between one record and another. The individuals are monitored at two locations on campus, where two groups were identified (with a mean of 3.50 ± 2.06 individuals) totaling 291 hours and 30 minutes of observation. Were determined tree layers used, and observed that the group of EC preferably utilizes the highest stratum, while the group of LCF uses the middle and lower strata. Types of vocalization, such as calling, interaction and alert and frequency and percentage of these were also observed. The food items consumed by the groups that are similar in the two study sites, mostly sap and leaves were diagnosed. From observations of behavioral patterns was possible to construct an ethogram of the species ' Luiz de Queiroz ' campus, comprising the behaviors of vocalization, locomotion, foraging, game, among others. The results may be useful for development of management techniques and for subsequent studies

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Oil is a hydrocarbon mixture of various sizes, including saturated and aromatic compounds. Natural gas is a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons and its main component is methane. In our society, the great demand for these fuels requires fast extraction, transportation and refining, increasing the number of accidents that compromise the environment. Oil is a finite resource and it is necessary to reduce the problems related to the question concerning environmental pollution which has encouraged the search for alternative fuel sources in our country. So today we have two major biofuels: ethanol and biodiesel. Concurrently, many studies have been done directed toward the isolation of microorganisms capable of degrading petrochemical industrial wastes, most of them using as a source of isolation soil and water collected in a contaminated environment. Isolation from alternative substrates has emerged as a new strategy that has provided satisfactory results. In this work, we present the leaf-cutter ants of the Attini tribe as a source for the isolation of micro-fungi with the potential for hydrocarbon degradation. These insects have a social way of life and a highly specialized system of intra and interspecific communication, which is based on the recognition of individuals through volatile chemical compounds, the majority hydrocarbons, stored in their exoskeleton. The micro-environment exoskeleton of Attini ants (genus Atta) used in this work proved to be a rich source of microbial biodiversity, as other studies have found. The flotation isolation technique applied here allowed the achievement of 214 micro-fungi, 118 representatives of the dematiaceous fungi group and 96 hyaline filamentous fungi. They were submitted to toluene degradation tests and at least one strain of each genus presented good results, namely Teratosphaeria, Exophiala, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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The aim of this research project is to analyze the spatial productive circuit and circles of cooperation of Fairtrade coffee, taking as a case of study the Associação dos Agricultores Familiares do Córrego D'antas (ASSODANTAS), Poços de Caldas - MG. The main purpose is to analyze material flows (grains, supplies, etc.) established between geographically separated stages of production (production, exchange, distribution and consumption) and the relationships between the agents in order to analyze the organization and regulation of production of Fairtrade coffee. It is understood as the insertion of the Fairtrade ASSODANTAS to permit the creation of new production lines, adding value and providing greater identity and autonomy to their small farms, when compared with traditional coffee trade commodity

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Breast cancer has received an increasing attention because it is one of the most common cancer type and a leading cause of morbity and mortality among women worldwide. This disease has been considered as a heterogeneous condition, demonstrating a large spectrum of clinical and histopathological variability. In the last two decades, several studies have been conducted to identify new molecular markers of cancer cells, including the alterations of DNA methylation, which is the major epigenetic mechanism associated with the control of gene expression. The hypermethylation of promoter-associated CpG islands contributes to the loss of function of several cancer-related genes, including those encoding to the estrogen receptor (ESR) and progesterone receptor (PGR). This study aimed to determine the methylation patterns of CpG islands of the genes encoding the estrogen receptor α (ESR1 gene, promoters A and B), estrogen receptor β (ESR2 gene) and progesterone receptor (PGR gene, promoter A and B) in 15 cell lines derived from breast cancer. The DNA methylation analysis was based on the “Methylation Specific-Polymerase Chain Reaction” (MSP), which provides a qualitative assessment of the methylation status of a specific CpG island. The results revealed heterogeneous data: the promoter region of ESR1A showed complete methylation in one cell line (BT549) and only two cell lines showed partial methylation (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453), while the others lineages presented unmethylated alleles. The promoter region of isoform ESR1B was unmethylated in the cell lines BT549, SKBR3 and T47D; partial methylation were observed in the cell lines MDA-MB- 231, MCF-7 and ZR-75-30, while the others cell lines presented complete methylation. All lineages showed complete or partial methylation of the ESR2 gene. The methylation pattern of the promoter A of the PGR ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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A hipertensão arterial atinge uma média de 20% a 25% da população brasileira. Estudos apontam que a prática regular de atividade física além de combater o sedentarismo pode ser utilizada como meio não farmacológico de tratamento e prevenção da hipertensão. Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos do estado de ânimo gerado por exercícios não sistematizados e sistematizados na pressão arterial. Metodologia: Participaram do estudo 30 alunas que participam há mais de seis meses do Programa Saúde Ativa Rio Claro. Elas receberam treinamento duas semanas, para utilizarem o aparelho de pressão digital de pulso Fuzzy LOGIC. As participantes foram submetidas a 3 sessões de aulas (aeróbio, lúdico e força) em dias diferentes. As aulas do aeróbio contavam com 40 min de caminhada moderada, a aula de força constou 3 séries de 1 minuto, com intervalo entre as séries de 30 segundos para membros superiores e inferiores e a aula lúdica com brincadeiras não padronizadas. As aulas foram constituídas de alongamento (10 min), parte principal (40 min) e volta à calma (10 min). A pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) foram aferidas nos momentos: repouso (M1), término (M2), 30 minutos após a sessão (M3), 4 horas após (M4) e 8 horas após a sessão dos exercícios (M5). A análise estatística utilizada foi a Anova para medidas repetidas com 2 fatores (Momentos e Tipo de aula) com significância de p<0.05. Resultados: A PAS no M3 foi menor do que no M1 e M2 para todos os protocolos (p<0.05); para a PAD o M3 apresentou valores menores do que o M1 e M2 para todos os protocolos. Conclusão: O efeito hipotensor teve resultados mais significativos quando relacionado a prática dos exercícios do que aos estados de ânimo gerados pelos mesmos. A prática da atividade física foi capaz de alterar positivamente os estados de ânimo dos indivíduos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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Este trabalho foi baseado em uma revisão de literatura sobre o fenômeno do abandono esportivo que ocorre cada vez mais com grande freqüência no esporte nacional, seja ele de alto rendimento ou não. Com base nesta revisão sobre o assunto foram abordados diversos fatores que podem contribuir para que crianças e adolescentes a abandonem o esporte, foi feita uma analise dos fatores que influenciam as crianças e adolescentes na pratica esportiva e os fatores que são necessários para que os jovens permaneçam no esporte. Foram abordados os temas de desenvolvimento biológico e psicológico de crianças na passagem para a adolescência, a influencia do esporte na sociedade atual, as influencias que o esporte pode causar na vida de crianças e adolescentes e seus benefícios. Também foi feita uma grande abordagem sobre a psicologia do esporte e seus aspectos que interferem na pratica esportiva dos adolescentes, foi discutido como estes fatores podem influenciar positivamente, para que o jovem continue a praticar esporte, e negativamente levando ao abandono esportivo. Por fim foi feito uma analise dos fatores mais comuns encontrados na literatura sobre os principais fatores que desmotivam crianças e adolescentes na pratica esportiva e uma breve explicação na síndrome do burnout. Ao final de cada capitulo foi feito uma analise comparativa do assunto do capitulo com os aspectos observados nos jovens da modalidade de basquetebol de Santa Cruz das Palmeiras, local onde este estudo foi feito, e a cada capitulo foi comparado os ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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In a highly competitive environment for manufacturers and retailers in the garment sector, flexible solutions for warehousing, distribution and exhibition of products directly influence the cost and responsiveness to market demands. This work refers to a Textile/Clothing, which undergoes a process of restructuring and growth, where we evaluated the need for professionalism in all its processes, so that the high demands were met in a sales perennial. Thus, this study aims to identify and analyze possible improvements in the process of transition from a logistics/manufacturing force in a Textile/Clothing in existence since 1998, located in São Paulo, a framework for a new logistics Center Distribution Logistics. The theoretical basis of the research literature addresses as Distribution Center and its basic functions, layout and performance indicators. As result it was mapped the current logistics processes, contributing directly to the development of the layout of the new Distribution Center. Have also been established KPI,s ( Key Performance Indicator) and Logistics Performance Indicators showing the actual process performance, helping professionals in make decisions

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A busca pela identificação de fatores que possam apontar o diagnóstico, a resposta terapêutica e a sobrevida dos pacientes portadores de sarcoma ósseos tem sido incessante. Presumir a agressividade tumoral, capacidade de invasão tecidual, probabilidade de recidiva, propensão ao desenvolvimento de metástases e resposta ao tratamento, poderá ser valioso expediente na escolha da proposta terapêutica. Embora fatores ambientais e dietéticos contribuam para a etiologia do câncer, as neoplasias se originam de um processo de múltiplos passos envolvendo alterações de genes e seleção clonal da progênie variante. Estas mutações ocorrem em classes de genes reguladores da proliferação celular como os oncogenes, genes supressores de tumor, fatores de crescimento, vias de sinalização e genes de reparo de DNA. Os conhecimentos sobre a biologia tumoral melhoraram o entendimento sobre os múltiplos aspectos da carcinogênese. No entanto, embora as perspectivas permaneçam, até agora, há poucos benefícios para prevenção, diagnóstico, tratamento e seguimento dos pacientes com sarcomas ósseos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo detectar e descrever alterações cromossômicas consistentes e recorrentes, através da utilização de análises com a citogenética clássica. Também descreveu o envolvimento dessas alterações com o prognóstico em sarcomas ósseos primários e secundários, na tentativa de contribuir para a realização de estratégias mais eficazes para melhorar as taxas de sobrevida e beneficiar maior número de pacientes portadores de sarcomas ósseos. As lesões ósseas apresentaram alterações citogenéticas clonas e recorrentes, das quais as principais foram: sarcoma pouco diferenciado, o qual apresentou del(7)(p21); osteossarcoma metastático, apresentando del(4)(q32), add(13)(p13), add(14)(p13); tumor de células gigantes com add(14)(p13); ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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Aluminum alloys are widely used in industry, because they combine different mechanical properties according to the alloying elements used in addition to thermal and mechanical treatments performed, resulting in materials with good weight/resistance relation. The 7XXX series alloys are worked heat treatable alloys commonly used in the aerospace industry, especially due to their high mechanical properties obtained after aging heat treatment, which increases the interest around 7075 alloy. Some studies with alloys which can be aged show that it is possible that cold word processes affect the results of aging. Thus, this study was intended to verify the influence of the aging process of AA 7075 alloy. There were three routes of aging with specimens previously treated thermally. In the first route T6 treatment was performed with a annealed specimen and other in solid solution. The second was the natural aging in a annealed specimen. In the last route was done aging by steps with a annealed specimen and other in solid solution with the intention to reduce the effects of natural aging. The results show that the routes 1 and 3 had similar hardness for all the samples, showing that the validity of Route 3 as an alternative and also the hardening did not affect the hardness at the end of the process, significantly reducing the time required for the highest hardness. Finally, natural aging was less effective in increasing hardness

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A experimentação em animais é a metodologia mais utilizada para se testar a ação de todo tipo de droga em um organismo e suas reações. Atualmente existe na ciência a preocupação com a ética para amenizar o sofrimento dos animais envolvidos. Com o advento de novas tecnologias, são propostas técnicas alternativas que se abstém da utilização destes. Mas que não são ainda largamente estudadas no Brasil. Portanto realizou-se uma breve revisão das relações ser - humano/natureza presentes historicamente na atividade científica. Foram respondidos questionários e entregues para a análise, no qual se teve o objetivo de averiguar a opinião em relação a esse assunto perante os experimentadores de um conceituado Centro de Pesquisas e verificar assim, a possibilidade da inserção de uma nova ética, a qual possa futuramente livrar todos os animais de qualquer sofrimento. Os pesquisadores apresentam de uma forma geral, uma pequena preocupação com a reflexão sobre a utilização de materiais alternativos, em contrapartida se mostram bastante preocupados com a utilização dos animais de forma ética, a fim de minimizarem o sofrimento causado

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Since 2008 the Department of Education of the State of São Paulo implemented the curriculum for elementary and high school. Within the discipline of Physical Education, Hip Hop appears as a theme for the ninth year pertaining to the content of rhythmic activities. However, there seems to be difficulties of teachers and their training against such content. Therefore, this research has developed a textbook to support didactic teaching for physical education teacher about Hip Hop in school. For this we conducted a literature review, which were selected several studies that sought to investigate the main difficulties of the physical education teachers, as well as those who had the Hip Hop theme, so that the material could meet the real difficulties of these professionals. Furthermore, we analyzed textbooks from other disciplines will be considered as the experiences of the researcher with the contents of dancing. Thus, we found some difficulties in the analysis of textbooks in the area of Physical Education, since there is a certain shortage of materials, as well as related specifically to Hip Hop. From the investigations, the book was prepared by selecting subtopics important to treat this content teachers in the school, for example, the story, the basic features and steps. It is understood, therefore, that this type of work is very important for Physical Education Teachers considering the difficulties facing the contents of Hip Hop and can contribute more effectively to their inclusion in the school context

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A área septal medial (ASM), situada no prosencéfalo, está envolvida na regulação cardiovascular e no controle do balanço hidroeletrolítico. Esta área é rica em receptores colinérgicos e a ativação dos mesmos induz ingestão de água, natriurese e anti-diurese. Existem evidências experimentais de que as espécies reativas de oxigênio possam participar do controle de respostas fisiológicas. Resultados recentes de nosso laboratório demonstraram que uma espécie reativa de oxigênio, o peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2), injetada na ASM reduz a ingestão de água induzida por carbacol (agonista colinérgico) também injetado na ASM. No presente projeto propomos estudar os efeitos do aumento da produção endógena de H2O2 na ASM nos efeitos dipsogênico, natriurético e anti-diurético do carbacol injetado na ASM. O inibidor da catalase, 3 amino 1,2,4 triazole (ATZ) será injetado na ASM para aumentar os níveis endógenos de H2O2

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This work presents a proposal for teaching financial mathematics to students from secondary school using mathematics investigation. This methodology is used for many researchers and this work follows the main ideas of Fonseca, Brunheira, and Ponte (1999) and Skovsmose (2000). With this methodology, we intend to develop activities that approximate real situations of daily life and we aim to help students to understand and make decisions about single commercial and finances negotiations. Such activities have open questions that provide students the opportunity to think about mathematical subjects like loans, financing and saving account. We show a short description of studies about the importance of financial education in secondary school and university. Our proposal is applied in Secondary School because we considering to use contents of this area in a very simple way, dealing with mathematical ideas in order to develop skills of critical analysis. We suggest a qualitative research with phenomenological approach, as a possibility analysis of collected data from this teaching proposal