Capacidade de carga de misturas de solo laterítico e desbastes de pneus

Government efforts have found some obstacles in achieving a better infrastructure regarding environmental preservation requirements. There is a need to develop new techniques that leave the big exploitation of environmental resources. This study measures the evaluation of the behavior of a composite formed by lateritic soil mix and tire buffings. In this way, a road embankment model was developed to assess the bearing capacity of the composite. This study measured the load capacity of the composites with 0%, 10%, 20% and 40% rubber mixed with the soil, by weight, iron plate loading tests on a simulated embankment in a metal box of 1.40 x 1.40 x 0.80 m. After four compaction layers of the composite, a plate test was performed, and then stress-settlement curves were obtained for the material. The embankments with 20% and 40% rubber content was difficult to compact. There was a significant reduction in the load capacity of the soil-plate system with increasing rubber content. The composite with the lowest loss of bearing capacity in relation to the reference soil was the one with a χ = 10%. In the load capacity tests, another aspect noted was the bearing capacity in terms of CBR. The results also show a gradual decrease in bearing capacity in the composites as with the rubber incorporation content increases. As in the plate load tests, the composite that had the lower bearing capacity loss was also that with 10% content.

Abordagens de estudo e performance da obra Responsório ao vento para violoncelo solo de Sílvio Ferraz

Recognized for his relevant writing for the cello, Silvio Ferraz wrote , in 2012, Segundo Responsório for cello solo and chamber group which followed Responsório ao Vento , a version of the same piece for solo cello . The work is characterized by the idea of continuity of sound moving through different textures , timbres , dynamics and musical gestures. The composer uses extended techniques, such as large sections in sul tasto playing three strings simultaneously, trills of natural harmonics , muffled trills with natural harmonics , col legno batuto , different types of glissando and simultaneous sounds of harmonic and non harmonic notes corroborate to a wealth of sounds and layers that create different textures. This article investigates the relationship of the composer with the cello, and relates Responsório ao Vento to his other works and studies the influences of the composer addressing technical and interpretive aspects of the piece drawn from performance experiences.

Técnicas estendidas para saxofone em obras compostas por meio de colaboração compositor-intérprete

This dissertation deals with the use of extended techniques for the saxophone in the piece Minus (for solo saxophone in Bb), composed through a composer-performer collaboration between Agamenon de Morais and the saxophonist Kleber Dessoles. The text is organized in the following manner: the first part brings the historical background of the concert music written for the saxophone since the beginning of the 20th-century, exploring the use of extended tehcniques and the main characters and historical facts of this period, with data obtained through a literature review; the second part deals with the issue of the composer-performer collaboration, since cases documented in the 18th and 19th centuries until nowadays, exploring in which different ways collaborations may happen and the motivations behind them; the third and final part is about the specific work, followed by a detailed description of the collaboration between the composer and the interpreter, as well as detailed explanations about the extended techniques present in the work (multiphonics and flatterzunge), through bibliographic and documental research, as well as descriptions of the meetings between composer and interpreter. At the end of the collaborative process, one may say that the final result was created from a sum of the composer's knowledge with the interpreter's, almost as if the composition had double authorship. The document describing this process may help composers and interpreters in composing for the saxophone, as well as guide future collaborative experiences.

Os impactos na qualidade da água e do solo de um manancial tropical do semiárido devido ao uso e ocupação e evento de seca extrema

Human activities alter soil features, causing the deterioration of its quality. Land use and occupation in drainage basins of water supply reservoirs can change the environmental soil quality and, thus, lead to the expansion of the soil potential of being a diffuse pollution source. In the Brazilian semiarid region, the soils are generally shallow with high susceptibility to erosion, favoring the sediment and nutrients input into the superficial waterbodies, contributing to the eutrophication process. Moreover, this region has high temperatures and high evapotranspiration rates, that are generally higher than the precipitation rates, causing a negative hydric balance and big volume losses by evaporation. The water volume reduction increases the nutrients’ concentration and, therefore, exacerbates the eutrophication process, deteriorating the water quality. Thereby, we hypothesized that the eutrophication process of semiarid reservoirs is intensified both by the extreme climatic events of prolonged drought, and by the diffuse pollution due to the basin land use and occupation. The study aimed to test whether the land use and occupation activities of the basin and the severe drought events intensify the eutrophication process of a semiarid tropical reservoir. To verify the influence of human activities carried out in the water supply of drainage basin on the soil quality and the eutrophication process, we conducted the mapping of the kind of use and occupation, as well the calculation of erosion for each activity and the soil quality evaluation of the riparian zone and water quality of the water supply. For the water analyses, the samplings were carried out monthly in the deeper point, near dam. For the soil, deformed composite samples were taken for the physical and chemical attributes analysis, according to the identified land use and occupation classes. The results showed that extreme droughts drastically reduces the water volume and elevates the nutrients concentration, contributing, thus, to a bigger degradation of water quality. Furthermore, we verified that human activities in the drainage basin promote the diffuse pollution, by increasing the soil susceptibility to erosion and nutrients contents. Summarizing, our results support the investigated hypothesis that activities of land use and occupation and extreme drought generate a combined effect that provide the intensification of eutrophication process of semiarid reservoirs.

Análise da influência do efeito esteira de aerogeradores no microclima na superfície do solo: o caso do parque eólico piloto de Macau/RN

This study aimed to evaluate the microclimate changes surrounding the wind farm Macau Pilot / RN, present in the municipality of the same name. To achieve this goal made use of remote sensing techniques using Landsat - 5 TM and 7 ETM +, from which made it possible evaluation of temperature changes on the surface, this around the park in periods prior to its implementation, to the today. For evaluation of the temperature data that has been generated by applying a template was performed its correlation with field data collection and evaluated the degree of correlation, in order to confirm the validity of the data acquired by satellite. Also held was a characterization of the climate of the region based on the data of this climatological station in Macau. Once collected this data made possible the evaluation of climate change policy in the study region. After validation of the temperature models, an analysis of the generated temperature histograms was performed visually could not identify any significant change. However when analyzing the temperature data at a higher level of detail, a data pattern of behavior was detected for both periods evaluated, yet could not see a distinction between the periods of pre-operation of the park, and post-operation . From this result was levantas hypotheses to explain the behavior of the data, the first of which is the presence of moisture in the soil, and the second to the soil composition. In order to validate the hypotheses were applied PDI techniques, involving a combination of different RGB bands of Landsat 5 and the implementation of Reason bands procedure that might show the elements present on the soil surface.

Classificação de técnicas estendidas no contrabaixo acústico

This work is to identify and classify extended techniques on acoustic bass. The main purpose of this classification is to provide the bass better understanding and practice these techniques. For this, we carried out a literature review, it was noted that, in academia, this topic is new and understanding for some musicians is still complex and nebulous. To assist in the difficulties of the bass player, the extended techniques were divided into two parts, proposing different approaches. The first part proposes the experimentation and exploration of conventional and unconventional techniques from other instruments on acoustic bass. The second seeks to identify and rank the extended techniques, showing excerpts from the solo instrument repertoire compositions. On each, there are still referenced authors and their contributions to the instrumental practice these techniques. In both categories of classification procedures were presented to be adopted by the bass player for the implementation of those techniques, as well as suggestions for their study. Among the main results, it was found that through the proposed classification of these techniques, one can incorporate new resources to technical universe and timbre of the instrument. Lastly, it was found a creation of a composition performed by interaction between composer and performer, containing new extended techniques or extended techniques not found in the instrument's contemporary soloist repertoire.

Classificação de técnicas estendidas no contrabaixo acústico

This work is to identify and classify extended techniques on acoustic bass. The main purpose of this classification is to provide the bass better understanding and practice these techniques. For this, we carried out a literature review, it was noted that, in academia, this topic is new and understanding for some musicians is still complex and nebulous. To assist in the difficulties of the bass player, the extended techniques were divided into two parts, proposing different approaches. The first part proposes the experimentation and exploration of conventional and unconventional techniques from other instruments on acoustic bass. The second seeks to identify and rank the extended techniques, showing excerpts from the solo instrument repertoire compositions. On each, there are still referenced authors and their contributions to the instrumental practice these techniques. In both categories of classification procedures were presented to be adopted by the bass player for the implementation of those techniques, as well as suggestions for their study. Among the main results, it was found that through the proposed classification of these techniques, one can incorporate new resources to technical universe and timbre of the instrument. Lastly, it was found a creation of a composition performed by interaction between composer and performer, containing new extended techniques or extended techniques not found in the instrument's contemporary soloist repertoire.

Técnicas y medidas tendientes a disminuir el sangrado y el consumo de hemocomponentes en trasplante hepático. Evaluación de los primeros dos años de la Unidad Bi-Institucional de Trasplante Hepático en la especialidad Medicina Transfusional y Hemoterapia

Introducción: el trasplante hepático (TH) es el único tratamiento definitivo para la enfermedad hepática terminal crónica y patologías que no cuentan con otra alternativa terapéutica. El sangrado y el consumo de hemocomponentes se ha vinculado al descenso de la sobrevida del injerto y del paciente. Objetivo: evaluar los resultados en el consumo de hemocomponentes con la utilización de medidas y técnicas tendientes a minimizar el sangrado. Estimar la sobrevida. Material y método: se realiza un estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo de los primeros 31 pacientes sometidos a TH. Para la búsqueda de asociación entre variables de tipo cualitativo se utilizó test de chi cuadrado para un nivel de significación ?= 0,05, para el análisis de sobrevida fue utilizado Kaplan-Meyer. Resultados: se diseñó un score para analizar el consumo de hemocomponentes; en cinco pacientes (16,1%) no se transfundieron unidades de sangre desplasmatizada (u SD) y en 58,1% se consumieron de 1 a 4 u SD, con un promedio de 3,7 ± 0,6. Un solo paciente (3,2%) se trasplantó sin transfusión de hemocomponentes. A los seis meses la sobrevida corresponde a 81,3%, con un total de cinco eventos, permaneciendo vivos al final del estudio 26 pacientes. Conclusiones: las medidas para disminuir el sangrado y los requerimientos transfusionales fueron efectivos. Los resultados fueron aceptables, cercanos a los publicados a nivel internacional.

Influencia del nivel de competición en las acciones técnicas de punto realizadas en Shiai Kumite femenino de karate: análisis de coordenadas polares

El objetivo es identificar las acciones técnicas de las karatekas que consiguen puntuar en competición y explorar si el comportamiento técnico puede discriminar entre diferentes niveles competitivos. Se ha registrado el comportamiento técnico de 35 karatekas, modalidad de kumite femenino, en un total de 40 combates (18 de nivel regional/nacional y 22 de nivel internacional). Se ha utilizado un diseño observacional situado en el cuarto de cuadrante de carácter nomotético y de seguimiento multidimensional. El registro se ha realizado con el programa Lince y una herramienta de observación "ad hoc" formada por un sistema mixto de formatos de campo y un sistema de categorías denominado FCSCSHIAIKUMITE. Se ha utilizado la prueba de Chi-cuadrado (p< 0,05) y se ha realizado un análisis de coordenadas polares, escogiendo como conductas focales aquellas relativas a la puntuación y como conductas condicionadas todas aquellas relativas a los demás criterios. Los resultados muestran que solo el criterio puntuación discrimina entre ambos niveles de rendimiento, sumando 152 puntos en nivel internacional frente a 78 en nivel nacional (p= 0,002). El Yuko es la forma de obtener punto más frecuentada en ambos niveles (76,4% vs 86,8%), no obstante, el Ippon es eficiente y frecuentado a nivel internacional (21,7%), y solo representa un 4,4% en combates de nivel nacional. En conclusión, hay dos aspectos que podrían ser de especial atención, el perfeccionamiento de las acciones técnicas de punto más habituales y de las acciones defensivas a esas técnicas, así como la eficacia para obtener más puntuación al utilizarlas.

Metagenômica comparativa de solo de regiões de mata atlântica e caatinga do estado do Rio Grande do Norte - Brasil

The microorganisms play very important roles in maintaining ecosystems, which explains the enormous interest in understanding the relationship between these organisms as well as between them and the environment. It is estimated that the total number of prokaryotic cells on Earth is between 4 and 6 x 1030, constituting an enormous biological and genetic pool to be explored. Although currently only 1% of all this wealth can be cultivated by standard laboratory techniques, metagenomic tools allow access to the genomic potential of environmental samples in a independent culture manner, and in combination with third generation sequencing technologies, the samples coverage become even greater. Soils, in particular, are the major reservoirs of this diversity, and many important environments around us, as the Brazilian biomes Caatinga and Atlantic Forest, are poorly studied. Thus, the genetic material from environmental soil samples of Caatinga and Atlantic Forest biomes were extracted by direct techniques, pyrosequenced, and the sequences generated were analyzed by bioinformatics programs (MEGAN MG-RAST and WEBCarma). Taxonomic comparative profiles of the samples showed that the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes were the most representative. In addition, fungi of the phylum Ascomycota were identified predominantly in the soil sample from the Atlantic Forest. Metabolic profiles showed that despite the existence of environmental differences, sequences from both samples were similarly placed in the various functional subsystems, indicating no specific habitat functions. This work, a pioneer in taxonomic and metabolic comparative analysis of soil samples from Brazilian biomes, contributes to the knowledge of these complex environmental systems, so far little explored

Estudio de la eficacia de diferentes técnicas de recuperación post-ejercicio

Los altos niveles de fatiga acumulados durante un partido de fútbol o entrenamientos de alta intensidad pueden llevar al jugador a estados de cansancio más o menos prolongados, de forma que vea disminuido su rendimiento e incrementada la posibilidad de aparición de lesiones. Por ello las estrategias de recuperación cobran vital importancia para asegurar que los jugadores puedan afrontar los esfuerzos siguientes con el mejor estado físico posible. Una óptima recuperación posibilitará realizar esfuerzos de mayor calidad y con un menor riesgo de lesiones. En la presente tesis se llevaron a cabo dos intervenciones con el objetivo de (1) comparar estrategias de recuperación combinadas y simples en jugadores de fútbol profesionales, (2) evaluar la eficacia de estrategias de recuperación combinadas en jugadores de fútbol semiprofesionales y (3) comparar la eficacia de dos estrategias de recuperación combinadas entre jugadores de fútbol de profesionales y semi-profesionales. Dichas intervenciones se llevaron a cabo mediante dos fases experimentales en periodo competitivo. La primera fue realizada durante cuatro semanas en la temporada 2010-2011 con un equipo profesional, mientras que la segunda se realizó en las tres primeras semanas de la temporada 2011-2012 con un equipo semi-profesional. En ambas se utilizó un diseño cruzado y aleatorizado para comparar los efectos de tres y cuatro estrategias de recuperación post-entrenamiento, respectivamente. Cada equipo se dividió de forma aleatoria en subgrupos y un día por semana los jugadores fueron evaluados antes del entrenamiento, inmediatamente después del mismo, tras la recuperación y tras 24 horas. Se midieron parámetros fisiológicos (temperatura timpánica y hormonas), subjetivos (escalas de esfuerzo percibido, dolor muscular y percepción de la recuperación) y condicionales (flexibilidad). Los resultados muestran que no existieron diferencias a la hora de aplicar las estrategias combinadas o simples en jugadores de fútbol profesionales. En el grupo semi-profesional la estrategia que incluía inmersión en agua fría mostró mejores valores en las escalas subjetivas inmediatamente tras la recuperación, pero no se hallaron diferencias entre estrategias pasadas 24 horas. En la comparación de grupos de nivel, profesional y semi. profesional, los resultados no mostraron diferencias a la hora de aplicar dos estrategias combinadas. Tras los resultados obtenidos se concluye que la aplicación de estrategias de recuperación combinadas no muestra ser más eficaz en comparación con una estrategia de recuperación simple en un equipo de fútbol profesional. Por otro lado, cuando una estrategia de recuperación incluye inmersión en agua fría la recuperación muestra mayor eficacia en valores subjetivos, pero solo de forma inmediata tras la recuperación. Finalmente, el nivel de los jugadores no parece influir en la recuperación tras la aplicación de dos estrategias combinadas.

Descrição do resistoma de solo de Cerrado stricto sensu e o potencial de dioxigenases metagenômicas na resistência antimicrobiana e em processos de biorremediação

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, 2016.

Resultados preliminares do projeto zoneamento do déficit hídrico do TSA utilizando técnicas de teledetecção espacial.

Definição do problema; Apresentação do organograma de trabalho a ser realizado; Dados tratados; Constituição do arquivo bruto.

Sistema de interpretação de informações do solo para tomada de decisão estratégica na produção de mandioca no Amazonas.

Foi desenvolvido um aplicativo para smartphone com sistema operacional Google Android para agricultores e técnicos especialistas, com o objetivo de interpretar a análise química do solo, sistematizar o processo e recomendar o balanço nutricional do solo para produção de mandioca por meio de técnicas de aprendizado de máquina.

Avaliação da correlação entre os parâmetros, carbono orgânico total e elementos tóxicos, em solo de um posto de serviço e revenda de combustíveis

Today a major responsibility for the contamination of soil and groundwater and surface water are establishments known as gas stations of fuel which has attracted increasing attention from both the general population as the state agencies of environmental control due to leaks in storage tanks and mainly to disruption of pipe corrosion of tanks and pumping. Other services, like oil changes and car wash are also causes for concern in this type of establishment. These leaks can cause or waste produced, and the contamination of aquifers, serious health problems and public safety, since most of these stations located in urban areas. Based on this, the work was to evaluate soil contamination of a particular service station and fuel sales in the city of Natal, through the quantification of heavy metals like Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn of total organic carbon (TOC) and organic matter using different techniques such as optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma source (ICP OES), Total Organic Carbon analyzer and gravimetric analysis respectively. And also to characterize the soil through particle size analysis. Samples were taken in 21 georeferenced points and collected in the same period. The soils sampled in sampling stations P3, P5, P6, P10, P11, P12, P13, P14, P15, P17, P18 and P20 showed the smallest size fractions ranging from fine sand to medium sand. The other study sites ranged from fine sand to medium sand, except the point P8 showed that only the type size medium sand and P19, indicating a particle size of the coarse type. The small correlation of organic matter with the elements studied in this work suggests that these are not of anthropogenic origin but geochemical support