Organizational determinants of substantive sustainability reporting practices: the role of company-level fit

As sustainability reporting (SR) practices have being increasingly adopted by corporations over the last twenty years, most of the existing literature on SR has stressed the role of external determinants (such as institutional and stakeholder pressures) in explaining this uptake. However, given that recent evidence points to a broader range of motives and uses (both external and internal) of SR, we contend that its role within company-level activities deserves greater academic attention. In order to address this research gap, this paper seeks to provide a more detailed examination of the organizational characteristics acting as drivers and/or barriers of SR integration within corporate sustainability practices at the company-level. More specifically, we suggest that substantive SR implementation can be predicted by assessing the level of fit between the organization and the SR framework being adopted. Building on this hypothesis, our theoretical model defines three forms of fit (technical, cultural and political) and identifies organizational characteristics associated to each of these fits. Finally, implications for academic research, businesses and policy-makers are derived.

BEM-ESTAR NO TRABALHO: O IMPACTO DOS VALORES ORGANIZACIONAIS, PERCEPÇÃO DE SUPORTE ORGANIZACIONAL E PERCEPÇÕES DE JUSTIÇA

A complexidade crescente no ambiente de trabalho tem exigido capacidade de adaptação dos empregados, com papéis exigindo maior flexibilidade e criatividade para superar os desafios que se apresentam. Ciclos de vida de produtos cada vez menores num mercado muito agressivo têm acarretado enormes pressões nos empregados, com efeitos colaterais na saúde, como estresse e doenças psicossomáticas. O tratamento de doenças, embora relevante para minimizar o sofrimento humano, não tem sido suficiente para dar respostas desejadas neste ambiente de trabalho numa concepção de saúde que abranja o bem-estar e que permita aos empregados enfrentar melhor os desafios que se apresentam. O campo da psicologia positiva, voltada ao estudo dos fatores que propiciam o florescimento das pessoas, permite às organizações, gestores e empregados ampliar o leque de alternativas possíveis para melhorar a saúde das pessoas, com reflexos positivos para as organizações. O objetivo deste estudo visou a confirmar se os valores organizacionais, percepção de suporte organizacional e percepções de justiça (distributiva e de procedimentos) são antecedentes de bem-estar no trabalho, um construto composto das variáveis de satisfação no trabalho, envolvimento com o trabalho, e comprometimento organizacional afetivo. A amostra envolveu 404 trabalhadores atuando em empresas na região da Grande São Paulo, sendo 209 do sexo masculino e 193 do sexo feminino. Dividiu-se a amostra a partir de dois agrupamentos de empresas, o setor financeiro (compreendendo uma empresa com 243 respondentes) e o setor não financeiro (compreendendo 13 empresas com um total de 161 respondentes). Como instrumento para coleta de dados utilizou-se de um questionário composto de sete escalas, abrangendo as três variáveis de bem-estar no trabalho e as quatro variáveis independentes estudadas como seus antecedentes. Os resultados deste estudo, nos dois setores estudados, confirmaram que a percepção de suporte organizacional e a percepção de justiça distributiva acarretam maior satisfação no trabalho. A justiça de procedimentos também mostrou capacidade preditiva de satisfação no trabalho para o setor financeiro. O valor organizacional autonomia confirmou-se como antecedente de envolvimento com o trabalho nos dois setores. O valor organizacional realização e a percepção de justiça de procedimentos posicionaram-se como antecedentes de comprometimento organizacional afetivo para os setores não financeiro e financeiro, respectivamente. O valor organizacional preocupação com a coletividade e a percepção de suporte organizacional mostraram capacidade preditiva de comprometimento organizacional afetivo para os setores financeiro e não financeiro, respectivamente. Os resultados revelam que se promove o bem-estar no trabalho quando, nas organizações, se adotam políticas e práticas que dêem suporte e tratamento digno aos empregados, reforçando valores organizacionais que promovam um ambiente propício à inovação e à criatividade, com maior autonomia, onde os gestores valorizam a competência e o sucesso dos trabalhadores, e onde se predomina a honestidade e a sinceridade nas relações entre as pessoas e a organização. Os empregados tenderão a desenvolver transações típicas das trocas sociais, investindo seus esforços para a organização, com base na confiança e na lealdade.

BEM-ESTAR NO TRABALHO: O IMPACTO DOS VALORES ORGANIZACIONAIS, PERCEPÇÃO DE SUPORTE ORGANIZACIONAL E PERCEPÇÕES DE JUSTIÇA

A complexidade crescente no ambiente de trabalho tem exigido capacidade de adaptação dos empregados, com papéis exigindo maior flexibilidade e criatividade para superar os desafios que se apresentam. Ciclos de vida de produtos cada vez menores num mercado muito agressivo têm acarretado enormes pressões nos empregados, com efeitos colaterais na saúde, como estresse e doenças psicossomáticas. O tratamento de doenças, embora relevante para minimizar o sofrimento humano, não tem sido suficiente para dar respostas desejadas neste ambiente de trabalho numa concepção de saúde que abranja o bem-estar e que permita aos empregados enfrentar melhor os desafios que se apresentam. O campo da psicologia positiva, voltada ao estudo dos fatores que propiciam o florescimento das pessoas, permite às organizações, gestores e empregados ampliar o leque de alternativas possíveis para melhorar a saúde das pessoas, com reflexos positivos para as organizações. O objetivo deste estudo visou a confirmar se os valores organizacionais, percepção de suporte organizacional e percepções de justiça (distributiva e de procedimentos) são antecedentes de bem-estar no trabalho, um construto composto das variáveis de satisfação no trabalho, envolvimento com o trabalho, e comprometimento organizacional afetivo. A amostra envolveu 404 trabalhadores atuando em empresas na região da Grande São Paulo, sendo 209 do sexo masculino e 193 do sexo feminino. Dividiu-se a amostra a partir de dois agrupamentos de empresas, o setor financeiro (compreendendo uma empresa com 243 respondentes) e o setor não financeiro (compreendendo 13 empresas com um total de 161 respondentes). Como instrumento para coleta de dados utilizou-se de um questionário composto de sete escalas, abrangendo as três variáveis de bem-estar no trabalho e as quatro variáveis independentes estudadas como seus antecedentes. Os resultados deste estudo, nos dois setores estudados, confirmaram que a percepção de suporte organizacional e a percepção de justiça distributiva acarretam maior satisfação no trabalho. A justiça de procedimentos também mostrou capacidade preditiva de satisfação no trabalho para o setor financeiro. O valor organizacional autonomia confirmou-se como antecedente de envolvimento com o trabalho nos dois setores. O valor organizacional realização e a percepção de justiça de procedimentos posicionaram-se como antecedentes de comprometimento organizacional afetivo para os setores não financeiro e financeiro, respectivamente. O valor organizacional preocupação com a coletividade e a percepção de suporte organizacional mostraram capacidade preditiva de comprometimento organizacional afetivo para os setores financeiro e não financeiro, respectivamente. Os resultados revelam que se promove o bem-estar no trabalho quando, nas organizações, se adotam políticas e práticas que dêem suporte e tratamento digno aos empregados, reforçando valores organizacionais que promovam um ambiente propício à inovação e à criatividade, com maior autonomia, onde os gestores valorizam a competência e o sucesso dos trabalhadores, e onde se predomina a honestidade e a sinceridade nas relações entre as pessoas e a organização. Os empregados tenderão a desenvolver transações típicas das trocas sociais, investindo seus esforços para a organização, com base na confiança e na lealdade.

Performing the personal within the organizational: Communicating professional identities through Taiwanese commercial airline pilots' personal narratives

This dissertation project explored professionalism and the performance of identities by examining Taiwanese commercial airline pilots' discursive practices in everyday life. The intentions for this project were to not only expand current knowledge of organizational communication from a critical rhetorical perspective, but to further explore the under-appreciated concept of professionalism of organizational members. Theoretically, I traced theoretical analysis in the sociology of professions and further investigated scholarship from identity research in organizational communication studies. This research agenda helped to advance communication-based understandings of the meanings and practices of professional identity as a complement to the sociological conception. I further merged a performance paradigm and critical rhetorical perspective to examine the discursive practices of organizational members and to challenge the bias of traditional textual approaches. Methodologically, I conducted ethnographic interviews with Taiwanese commercial airline pilots in order to understand how they construct their personal, social, and professional identities. Five narrative themes were identified and demonstrated in this project: (1) It takes a lot to become a commercial airline pilot, (2) Being a professional commercial airline pilot is to build up sufficient knowledge, beyond average skill, and correct attitude, (3) Pilots' resistance and dissent toward company management, (4) Popular (re)presentation influences professionalism, (5) Power and fear affect professionalism. Pilots' personal narratives were presented in performative writing and in poetic transcription to make word alive with sounds featuring their meanings. Their personal storytelling created a dialogic space to not only let pilots' voice to be heard but also revealed how identities are created within and against a larger organizational identity. Overall, this project demonstrated the interdisciplinary examination of the meanings, functions, and consequence of discursive practices in everyday professional life. It also critiqued relationships between power, domination, and resistance while reintroducing the roles of the body and materiality in the domain of professionalism, and provides ethical readings of larger and complex organizational cultures. Applying communication-oriented analysis to study professionalism indeed challenged the long time neglected phenomena regarding the power of the symbolic in sociological approaches and raised the awareness of structural, material, and bodily condition of work.

The Healthy Workplace of the 21st Century: The Benefit of Organizational Wellness Programs on Employee Health and Absenteeism

Every year, obesity rates continue to rise and have reached epidemic proportions throughout the United States. The costs associated with obesity are staggering and many researchers feel that the workplace should be the new front line in the battle for a healthier workforce. Employers must take action to address this worsening health crisis and help reduce spiraling medical costs and absenteeism rates. This capstone reviews the current literature on wellness programs and discusses different companies' approaches to wellness programs that have special emphasis on nutrition and physical activity. It also provides strategies and recommendations for companies eager to initiate a comprehensive, dynamic and directed wellness program to improve the current and future health of their workforce.

Culture Industries in a Postindustrial Age: Entertainment, Leisure, Creativity, Design

This article reviews the evolution of the concept of culture industries, when neither industry nor culture themselves are today what they were at the time when the term was coined. It attempts to explain the dilution of the term into more nebulous terms (“leisure industries,” “entertainment industries” or “creative industries”) and suggests new challenges for the research on culture industries. What is at stake is no longer an application of a Fordist production to culture, a one-directional mass communication and a mediation by experts, but rather: (1) a cultural experience which is no longer clearly separated from other activities (leisure in general, consumption and even work); (2) the communicative explosion of all industrial production in a media environment, where industrialized symbolic products are mixed with culturalized industrial products; and (3) the empowerment of the recipient, which on one hand ignores the traditional experts and on the other leads to post-productive (recreational and even creative) cultural practices.

Structures, Systems and Organizational Communication Processes in Franchises in times of crisis: the Spanish case

Current economic crisis together with the Internet revolution has had direct impacts on the franchise sector of Spain: in particular on its unique communication network. The aim of this research is to analyse how Spanish franchise companies have adapted to these changes through its corporate communications management. We want to determine whether the management of communications is ideal to the growth and consolidation of companies in the market. Corporate communications plans and organizational structures were analyzed to verify whether or not information technology (i.e. the use of the Internet) is maximized: the communications aspect being a critical area of company growth. We found that most franchise companies surveyed had adapted well to the changes in information technology, despite economic challenges. The Internet as a communications tool has been limited to its utility as a “bulletin board” for information. The marketing advantage of Internet communication, or its use as an avenue for customer exchange and exchange of goods and services has yet to be maximized. Future research may look into the details of how companies are able to maximize the communications-marketing advantage that Online/Internet can contribute to the franchise sector.

Quality Management, Environmental Management and Organizational Design in the Hotel Industry: A Qualitative Study

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, the paper analyzes the relationship between quality management and environmental management and their effects on hotel performance. Second, the article examines the relationship between these two management systems and organizational design. The paper uses an exploratory, qualitative approach based on interviews with managers and experts in the hotel industry. Based on a content analysis of interviews, the results lead to several propositions. Specifically, quality and environmental management influence hotel performance through mediating variables. Moreover, the implementation of quality management facilitates the implementation of environmental management. Furthermore, the implementation of these two management systems is associated with an increase of formalization and decentralization. The paper contributes to the analysis of quality management, environmental management, organizational design and performance in a joint manner, which has not been attempted before in the hotel industry. In addition, it helps extend the findings about these links in manufacturing and service organizations to the hotel industry.

Organizational design, quality management and competitive advantage in hotels

Purpose – The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between practices of quality management (QM) and the characteristics of organizational design, and QM and competitive advantage. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses a partial least squares approach to test these relationships in 350 hotels in Spain. Findings – The findings show that QM influences specialization, formalization and interdepartmental interactions, and that QM practices influence both cost and differentiation competitive advantage. The results also indicate the importance of QM strategic and operational systems as practices that have a key impact on the characteristics of organizational design. Similarly, the QM operational system is key in the relationship between QM and cost competitive advantage. Finally, the QM operational, information and strategic systems positively influence differentiation competitive advantage. Practical implications – When hotels adopt QM practices, there will be significant changes in a number of organizational variables, including specialization, formalization and interdepartmental interactions. This paper provides empirical evidence that QM practices improve both cost and differentiation competitive advantage in the hotel industry. Originality/value – There has been little research on the effects of QM on organizational design in the hotel industry. The contribution of this paper is that analyze the effects of QM on organizational design and competitive advantage, extending knowledge about these issues in a specific sector.

The Organizational Tasks of High-Performance Gymnastic Coaches

The purpose of this study was to report the knowledge used by expert high performance gymnastic coaches in the organization of training and competition. In-depth interviews were conducted with 9 coaches who worked with male gymnasts and 8 coaches who worked with female gymnasts. Qualitative analyses showed that coaches of males and coaches of females planned training similarly, except that coaches of females appeared to emphasize esthetic and nutritional issues to a greater extent. Coaches of males revealed more concerns about the organization of gymnasts' physical conditioning. Analysis indicated that expert gymnastic coaches of males and females are constantly involved in dynamic social interactions with gymnasts, parents, and assistant coaches. Many areas of coaches' organizational work, such as dealing with the athletes' personal concerns and working with parents, are not part of the structure of coaches' training programs and emerged as crucial tasks of expert gymnastic coaches for developing elite gymnasts.