Caracterização geomorfológica e modelagem de dados espaciais na plataforma continental rasa do RN nos limites da folha Touros

This work focuses the geomorphological characterization and spatial data modeling in the shallow continental shelf within the Folha Touros limits (SB-25-CV-II), based on bathymetric data analysis and remote sensing products interpretation. The Rio Grande do Norte state is located in northeastern Brazil and the work area is located at the transition region between the eastern and northern portions of their coast. The bathymetric surveys were conduced between march and may 2009, using a 10 meters long vessel and 0.70 meters draught, equipped with global positioning system and echo sounder (dual beam, 200KHz , 14°). The fieldwork resulted in 44 bathymetric profiles espaced 1.5 km and 30 km average length. The bathymetric data amount were 111,200 points and were navigated 1395.7 km within na area about 1,850 km2. The bathymetric data were corrected for the tide level, vessel draught and were subsequently entered into a geographic information system for further processing. Analysis of remote sensing products was carried out using Landsat 7/ETM + band 1, from november 1999. The image was used for visualization and mapping submerged features. The results showed the presence of geomorphological features within the study area. Were observed, from the analysis of local bathymetry and satellite image, seven types of geomorphological features. The channels, with two longitudinals channels (e. g. San Roque and Cioba channels) and other perpendicular to the coast (e. g. Touros, Pititinga and Barretas). Coastal reef formations (Maracajaú, Rio do Fogo and Cioba). Longitudinal waves, described in the literature as longitudinal dunes. The occurrence of a transverse dune field. Another feature observed was the oceanic reefs, an rock alignment parallel to the coast. Were identified four riscas , from north to south: risca do Liso, Gameleira, Zumbi, Pititinga (the latter being described for the first time). Finally, an oceanic terrace was observed in the deepest area of study. Image interpretation corroborated with the in situ results, enabling visualization and description for all features in the region. The results were analysed in an integrating method (using the diferent methodologies applied in this work) and it was essential to describe all features in the area. This method allowed us to evaluate which methods generated better results to describe certain features. From these results was possible to prove the existence of submerged features in the eastern shallow continental shelf of Rio Grande do Norte. In this way, the conclusions was (1) this study contributed to the provision of new information about the area in question, particularly with regard to data collection in situ depths, (2) the method of data collection and interpretation proves to be effective because, through this, it was possible to visualize and interpret the features present in the study area and (3) the interpretation and discussion of results in an integrated method, using different methodologies, can provide better results

Caracterização geomorfológica e paleogeográfica da plataforma continental adjacente a foz do Rio Apodi-Mossoró, RN/Brasil

The brazilian marginal basins have a huge potential to generate and accumulate petroleum. Incised valleys which are eroded in response to a fall of relative sea level are related to potential reservoir as well, modern drowned-valley estuaries serve as harbors to petroleum and salt industries, fisheries, waste-disposal sites and recreational areas for a significant fraction of the world s population. The combined influence of these factors has produced a dramatic increase in research on modern and ancient incised-valley systems. This research is one expression of this interest. The integrated use of satellites images and high resolution seismic (bathymetry, sides scan sonar) was used on the Apodi River mouth-RN to characterizes the continental shelf This area is located at the Potiguar Basin in the NE Brazilian Equatorial Atlantic margin. Through bathymetric and side scan sonar data processing, a digital Terrain Model was developed, and a detailed geomorphologic analysis was performed. In this way was possible to recognize the geomorphologic framework and differents sismofacies, which may influence this area. A channel extending from the ApodiMossoró river mouth to the shelf edge dominates the investigated area. This structure can be correlated with the former river valley developed during the late Pleistocene sea level fall. This channel has two main directions (NW-SE and NE-SW) probably controlled by the Potiguar Basin structures. The western margin of the channel is relatively steep and pronounced whereas the eastern margin consists only of a gentle slope. Longitudinal bedforms and massive ridges also occur. The first are formed doe to the shelf sediment rework and the reef-like structures probably are relics of submerged beachrock-lines indicating past shoreline positions during the deglacial sea-level rise. The sub-bottom seismic data allow the identification of different sismic patterns and a marcant discontinuity, interpreted as the Upper

Taxonomy of Ophiuroidea (Echinonermata) from the continental shelf and slope of the southern and southeastern Brazilian coast

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Burial history and porosity evolution of Brazilian upper Jurassic to tertiary sandstone reservoirs

The parameter time-depth index (TDI) is applied in this study to quantify empirically the influence of burial history on sandstone porosity evolution. The TDI, expressed in kilometers per million years of age, is defined as the area in the burial history diagram enclosed by the burial curve of the reservoir and the axes of the diagram. In practice, reservoir depths during burial history are integrated at regular time intervals of 1 m.y. The calculations exclude present-day bathymetry or paleobathymetry. Sandstone reservoirs from several sedimentary basins along the Brazilian continental margin (Santos, Campos, Espírito Santo, Cumuruxatiba, Recôncavo, Sergipe, Alagoas, and Potiguar) were analyzed to investigate the evolution of porosity against TDI. These Upper Jurassic to Tertiary sandstones lie in depths of 700 to 4900 m, and are hydrocarbon charged (oil or gas). Average porosities of most of these reservoirs were obtained from core analysis, and a few porosity data were taken from well log interpretations. Detrital constituents of the sandstones are mainly quartz, feldspar, and granitic/gneissic rock fragments. Sandstones were grouped into three main reservoir types, based on composition (detrital quartz content) and grain sorting: Type I (average quartz content <50%) are very coarse grained to conglomeratic, poorly to very poorly sorted lithic arkoses. Rock fragments are mainly granitic/gneissic and coarse grained. Type II (average quartz content ranging from 50% to 70%) are fine- to coarse-grained (pebbles absent or occurring in small percentages), moderately sorted arkoses. Type III (average quartz content >80%) are fine to coarse, moderately to poorly sorted quartz arenites or subarkoses. Plots of average porosity against depth show great dispersion in porosity values; such dispersion is mostly due to differences in the reservoir burial histories. However, plotting porosity values against the TDI for individual reservoir types produces well-defined trends. The decrease in porosity is less marked in Type III reservoirs, intermediate in Type II, and faster in Type I. Such plots suggest that it is possible to make relatively accurate porosity predictions based on reservoir TDI, texture, and composition,: within the constraints of reservoir depth/age and basin tectonics analyzed in this study.

Batimetria fluvial estimada com dados orbitais: Estudo de caso no alto curso do rio Paraguai com o sensor ASTER

The Paraguay River is the main tributary of the Paraná River and has an extension of 1.693 km in Brazilian territory. The navigability conditions are very important for the regional economy because most of the central-west Brazilian agricultural and mineral production is transported by the Paraguay waterway. Increased sedimentation along the channel requires continuous dredging to waterway maintenance. Systematic bathymetric surveys are periodically carried out in order to check depth condition along the channel using echo-sounding devices. In this paper, digital image processing and geostatistical analysis methods were used to analyze the applicability of the ASTER sensor to estimate channel depths in a segment of the upper Paraguay River. The results were compared with field data in order to choose the band with better adjustment and to evaluate the standard deviation. Comparing the VNIR bands, the best fit was presented by the red wavelength (band 2; 0,63 - 0,69 μm), showing a good representation of the channel depths shallow than 1,7 m. Applying geostatistical methods, the model accuracy was enhanced from 43 cm to 36 cm and undesired components were slacked. It was concluded that the digital number of band 2, converted to bathymetry information allows a good estimation of river depths and channel morphology.

Estimativa do tempo de vida útil de represa de pequeno porte

The purpose of this work is to compare two methods for time estimation of useful life for a small and shallow reservoir, located in Pirassununga, São Paulo State, Brazil: 1) sedimentometry; and 2) bathymetry. The model indicated a useful lifetime around 50 years for the studied dam. The values are between 51 years for the initial years of 1998/1999, and 46 years for the final years of 2004/2005, with an oscillation between 1999/2000 of 27 years, and between 2000/2001 of 76 years. The results show that it is possible to estimate the useful lifetime for small dams through the sedimentometric method, by knowing the correction coefficient value (K'). The coefficient is calculated using time values of useful lifetime calculated by the sedimentometric and bathymetric methods simultaneously, during the span of one year.

Estudo do assoreamento e sua relação com a vida útil do reservatório Represa Velha, CEPTA/IBAMA, Pirassununga/SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Hydrodynamic modeling and morphological analysis of Lake Água Preta: one of the water sources of Belém-PA-Brazil

The main contribution from this paper includes the hydrodynamic modeling and morphological analysis of Lake Água Preta in Belém city, Pará State, Brazil. The lake bathymetry was taken through the data provided by COSANPA (the local sanitation and water supply company) dating back to 1975, and from a 2009 field study. Both bathymetries produced two terrain elevation models, which were used for morphological analysis and hydrodynamic simulations. The morphological analysis has revealed that, from 1975 to 2009, the annual mean rate of sedimentation varies between 23,065 and 29,081 m3/year. Through this result, the sedimentation time of Lake Água Preta, from 2009, has been calculated, which varies between 295 and 381 years, maintaining the same rate of sedimentation, water consumption and pumping. The hydrodynamic model simulated the depths and velocities, showing a slight flow with velocities ranging from 0 to 33 cm/s. This flow is established between water input and output of the lake, which is used as reservoir of Belém city.

Dinâmica espaço-temporal da pesca industrial de camarão-rosa Farfantepenaeus subtilis na plataforma continental do Amazonas

O conhecimento da distribuição espacial dos recursos pesqueiros e um fator essencial no ordenamento pesqueiro. O camarão-rosa Farfantepenaeus subtilis (Perez-Farfante, 1967) e uma espécie de importância econômica, capturado pela pesca industrial na Plataforma Continental do Amazonas. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar padrões espaços-temporais da abundancia relativa desse recurso a partir de uma serie de capturas realizadas por barcos da frota industrial, especializadas com o uso de ferramentas de sistema de informações geográficas. A abundancia relativa de camarão-rosa (CPUE) foi relacionada a batimetria, as características do substrato, a vazão do rio Amazonas e as variáveis oceanográficas obtidas por sensoriamento: temperatura da superfície do mar e concentração de clorofila-a. Entre as categorias de tipo de substrato, observou-se maior intensidade de arrastos na região de lama mosqueada. Nessa região, características como tipo de substrato (lama), relevo submarino, taxa de sedimentação (<1 cm.ano-1), e salinidade (>30) constituem o habitat ideal para o camarão-rosa. Maiores valores de CPUE estiveram associados a menores temperaturas e a maiores valores de concentração de clorofila-a, características que ocorrem no período de maior vazão do rio Amazonas, no primeiro semestre. Foi observada a ocorrência de três períodos com diferentes níveis de produção: fevereiro a abril (maior vazão), com maior abundancia relativa de camarão-rosa; maio a julho; e agosto a setembro (menor vazão), com menor abundancia. Os resultados mostraram que a abundancia relativa de F. subtilis não se distribui de modo uniforme no espaço nem na variação sazonal.

Use of intertidal areas by shrimps (Decapoda) in a brazilian Amazon estuary

O presente trabalho investigou a ocupação e a correlação da abundância de camarões em relação às variáveis ambientais nos diferentes habitats (manguezal, marisma e afloramento rochoso) em um estuário amazônico. As coletas foram realizadas em agosto e novembro de 2009, na maré baixa de sizígia na praia do Areuá, situada na RESEX Mãe Grande de Curuçá, Pará, totalizando 20 poças. Em cada ambiente foram registrados os fatores físicoquímicos (pH, salinidade e temperatura) e mensuradas a área (m²) e o volume (m³) de cada poça através da técnica de batimetria. A média do pH, salinidade, temperatura, área e volume das poças-de-maré foram 8,75 (± 0,8 desvio padrão) 35,45 (± 3), 29,49 °C (± 2,32), 27,41 m² (± 41,18) e 5,19 m³ (± 8,01), respectivamente. Foi capturado um total de 4.871 indivíduos, distribuídos em três famílias e quatro espécies: Farfantepenaeus subtilis (marinha) a mais frequente (98,36%), seguida de Alpheus pontederiae (0,76%) (estuarina), Macrobrachium surinamicum (0,45%) e Macrobrachium amazonicum (0,43%) predominantemente dulcícolas. As espécies F. subtilis e A. pontederiae ocorreram nos três habitats, enquanto que M. surinamicum ocorreu no afloramento rochoso e marisma e M. amazonicum somente no marisma. O pH e a temperatura foram os descritores ambientais mais importantes que afetaram significativamente a densidade e a biomassa dos camarões.

BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE SAILFIN DORY Zenopsis conchifer (LOWE, 1852) CAUGHT BY DEEP-SEA TRAWLING FISHERY OFF SOUTHERN BRAZIL

Biological aspects of sailfin dory, Zenopsis conchifer, were studied from 839 individuals obtained from deep-sea commercial bottom trawling off southern Brazil at depths up to 526 m in 2002 and 2003. Samples included fish from 101 mm Lt and 15 g up to 640 mm Lt and 2,9 g. The sex-ratio was 50% at 150 mm Lt and between 300-350 mm Lt, with females outnumbering males in the remaining size classes. Reproductive activity seems to peak between July and August ( austral winter). Size at attainment of 50% maturity (Lt(50)) was 311 mm Lt in females. The mean length and maturity of the specimens increased with depth, suggesting that larger fish concentrate in deeper waters.

Biological aspects of the Sailfin dory Zenopsis conchifer (Lowe, 1852) caught by deep-sea trawling fishery off southern Brazil

Biological aspects of sailfin dory, Zenopsis conchifer, were studied from 839 individuals obtained from deep-sea commercial bottom trawling off southern Brazil at depths up to 526 m in 2002 and 2003. Samples included fish from 101 mm Lt and 15 g up to 640 mm Lt and 2,9 g. The sex-ratio was 50% at 150 mm Lt and between 300-350 mm Lt, with females outnumbering males in the remaining size classes. Reproductive activity seems to peak between July and August (austral winter). Size at attainment of 50% maturity (Lt50) was 311 mm Lt in females. The mean length and maturity of the specimens increased with depth, suggesting that larger fish concentrate in deeper waters.

Coastline changes and sedimentation related with the opening of an artificial channel: The Valo Grande Delta, SE Brazil

The role played by human activity in coastline changes indicates a general tendency of retreating coasts, especially deltaic environments, as a result of the recent trend of sea level rise as well as the blockage of the transfer of sediments towards the coast, especially due to the construction of dams. This is particularly important in deltaic environments which are suffering a dramatic loss of area in the last decades. In contrast, in this paper, we report the origin and evolution of an anthropogenic delta, the Valo Grande delta, on the south-eastern Brazilian coast, whose origin is related to the opening of an artificial channel and the diversion of the main flow of the Ribeira de Iguape River. The methodology included the analysis of coastline changes, bathymetry and coring, which was used to determine the sedimentation rates and grain-size changes over time. The results allowed us to recognize the different facies of the anthropogenic delta and to establish its lateral and vertical depositional trends. Despite not being very frequent, anthropogenic deltas represent a favorable environment for the record of natural and anthropogenic changes in historical times and, thus, deserve more attention from researchers of different subjects

Evolución de la transmisión de la energía del oleaje a través de un rompeolas flotante empleando un método SPH

[ES] Debido a la necesidad de proponer estructuras de protección costera que sean ambientalmente viables y operacionalmente efectivas, se propone como estructura para proteger el muelle de la Estación de Guardacostas de Santa Marta, Colombia, un Rompeolas Flotante; empleando para su diseño y validación un modelo en numérico de partículas en 2D, conocido como Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics. Desarrollando todo el proceso de validación y análisis de los casos para obtener resultados confiables y que permitan proponer un Rompeolas Flotante con dimensiones concretas, que atenúe el efecto del oleaje incidente en el muelle.

Evaluation of Wave energy transmission through a floating breakwater using the SPH method

[EN]Energy transmission through a box-shaped floating breakwater (FB) is examined, under simplified conditions, by using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, a mesh-free particle numerical approach. The efficiency of the structure is assessed in terms of the coefficient of transm ission as a function of the wave period and the location of the floating breakwater relative to the zone to be protected. Preliminary results conceming wave energy transmission reveals a clear improvement of the efficiency as wave period decreases andan important role ofthe bathymetry.