Entre a expressão e a técnica: a terminologia do professor de canto - um estudo de caso em pedagogia vocal de canto erudito e popular no eixo Rio-São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Música - IA

Social aspects of dental caries in the context of mother-child pairs

The relationship between mother and child in the context of oral health has traditionally been exposed by the scientific literature in microbiology, which lacks a broad and necessary discussion of health and illness seen as processes, both biological and social. Objective: Investigate the family social determinants associated with the caries history of children and the need for dental treatment (NDT) among their mothers was the objective of this study. Material and Methods: This research employed a cross-sectional study of mother-child pairs living in southern Brazil. Data collection occurred in public institutions of early childhood education. The instruments included a structured questionnaire administered to mothers and clinical oral examinations of the mothers and children. The social variables considered were marital status, maternal education, number of children, income, employment status, and frequency of visits to a dental professional. The measured outcomes were the maternal NDT and child caries history. Data were analyzed by the chi-square test (chi 2) and by discriminant analysis. Results: The final sample consisted of 272 mother-child pairs and it was found that the greatest need for treatment was among mothers with low educational level and low family income who rarely or never visited a dentist. Tooth decay was less frequent in only child, and most frequent in children of mothers with low educational attainment, and in children in lower income households who rarely or never visited the dentist. The social determinants of caries in children and of the maternal NDT were similar. It follows that the maternal NDT and caries history among children were strongly associated with maternal education (p<0.0001), household income (p<0.0001), and frequency of visits to a dental professional (0.0018). Caries history among children was also associated with number of children in the household (p<0.0001). Conclusions: The results suggest that the caries experience in children depended less on the family social variables than on the maternal NDT.

Ensino de literatura: possível humanização do indivíduo no contexto da atual sociedade

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Introdução à pesquisa com sequências didáticas na formação continuada online de professores de ciências

The integration of research in teaching practices assumes increasing importance and complexity in education. One aspect involved in this issue and poorly investigated is the training of teachers for the development of research linked with their practices. In this context, we present a training for research developed on a distance-learning course in the Science Teaching, which involves the design, implementation and analysis of didactic sequences: the Study Guide to the Initiation of the Term Paper (SGITP). Our research goal is to present a training proposal produced from the results collected from a survey of the literature of the area, and to investigate its application and its results in the teachers' continuing education program. Using data extracted from the production of students and tutors, we concluded that SGITP had a good acceptance among them and it was positively evaluated by teachers, in addition to promoting a greater understanding of research.

Memórias do ensino de ciências no Brasil: a constituição da área segundo pesquisadores brasileiros, origens e avanços da pós-graduação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Saberes docentes, sistema de avaliação de rendimento escolar do Estado de São Paulo e ensino de Ciências: um estudo de caso a partir de situações de ensino-aprendizagem

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Um estudo introdutório da importância da alfabetização científica para o ensino da ciência

This study aimed to reflect on the importance of scientific literacy in science education through São Paulo state curriculum analysis in the area of science pointing possibilities for teaching activities that can envision a better quality teaching. It seeks to understand the importance of science education so that students are able to understand and grasp. In this sense the possibility of a marked formative process in scientific literacy goes beyond just reading and writing, she has for you, the expansion of knowledge in science and technology, so there is an understanding and critical questioning of the nature and the world, thus forming critical and aware citizens, given their role in society. For this work was carried out a literature study on this subject the documentary analysis of the proposed curriculum of the state of São Paulo in science and also the presentation of educational experiences that enhance the physical learning with children

Aprendizagem na contemporaneidade: jogos digitais no novo cenário em que caminha o ensino de química

Having in sight the current inertia found on the school physical environments as well as on the High School learning methods used, digital games appear as a different tool to build the individuals'/students' knowledge and becomes a driving factor for this research. The usage of this media resource tries to rescue a stimulant type of learning focused on the students' experiences while getting them closer to Science, Technology and Society (STS). The usefulness of this method falls short, however, without the capacitated guidance of a teacher. A literature review has been made about the possible schooling that electronic/digital games provide; it also brings the opinions of students and teachers to help comprehend how the insertion of this new tool in the classroom happens, as well as its efficiency and acceptance. Having in sight the relationship between individuals and the preoccupations about the future of mankind, components of humanity's destiny have been evidenced in the teaching of Chemistry. It is possible to conclude that these games can, indeed, help in the teaching process, although it is necessary that they develop a main didactic role, linked to the teaching of concepts and content, or else become only educational for that matter. Using the tools given by digital games it is possible, for example, through playfulness, to teach the theory of many abstract models, mathematical equations and chemical formulas, making it possible then to grab the students' attention, to thrill them and to develop their participation based on the experience they so often already have with cell phones and personal computers

Um processo para utilizar a tecnologia de impressão 3D na construção de instrumentos didáticos para o ensino de Ciências

Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC

Estudos CTS e transgenia: análise de materiais didáticos do ensino médio

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Building Leadership: The Knowledge of Principals in Creating Collaborative Communities of Professional Learning

Research literature is replete with the importance of collaboration in schools, the lack of its implementation, the centrality of the role of the principal, and the existence of a gap between knowledge and practice--or a "Knowing-Doing Gap." In other words, there is a set of knowledge that principals must know in order to create a collaborative workplace environment for teachers. This study sought to describe what high school principals know about creating such a culture of collaboration. The researcher combed journal articles, studies and professional literature in order to identify what principals must know in order to create a culture of collaboration. The result was ten elements of principal knowledge: Staff involvement in important decisions, Charismatic leadership not being necessary for success, Effective elements of teacher teams, Administrator‘s modeling professional learning, The allocation of resources, Staff meetings focused on student learning, Elements of continuous improvement, and Principles of Adult Learning, Student Learning and Change. From these ten elements, the researcher developed a web-based survey intended to measure nine of those elements (Charismatic leadership was excluded). Principals of accredited high schools in the state of Nebraska were invited to participate in this survey, as high schools are well-known for the isolation that teachers experience--particularly as a result of departmentalization. The results indicate that principals have knowledge of eight of the nine measured elements. The one that they lacked an understanding of was Principles of Student Learning. Given these two findings of what principals do and do not know, the researcher recommends that professional organizations, intermediate service agencies and district-level support staff engage in systematic and systemic initiatives to increase the knowledge of principals in the element of lacking knowledge. Further, given that eight of the nine elements are understood by principals, it would be wise to examine reasons for the implementation gap (Knowing-Doing Gap) and how to overcome it.

Oral and Written Communication in Classroom Mathematics

In this action research study of my classroom of sixth grade mathematics, I investigated the impact of an increase in student oral and written communication on student level of understanding and student self-confidence. I also investigated the changes in my teaching as I increased opportunities for student oral and written communication of mathematics. While I discovered that student level of understanding was not necessarily increased if written communications were increased, I did find that there seemed to be a rise in student level of self-confidence and understanding throughout the course of the research project due to an increase in oral communication. Additionally, my intentions as a teacher were to become less dominating as communication was increased, but the opposite occurred. As a result of this research, I plan to continue to allow oral discourse to take place in my classroom much like it has in the past.

The Role of Manipulatives in the Eighth Grade Mathematics Classroom

In this action research study of my classroom of eighth grade mathematics, I investigated the use of manipulatives and its impact on student attitude and understanding. I discovered that overall, students enjoy using manipulatives, not necessarily for the benefit of learning, but because it actively engages them in each lesson. I also found that students did perform better on exams when students were asked to solve problems using manipulatives in place of formal written representations of situations. In the course of this investigation, I also uncovered that student attitude toward mathematics improved when greater manipulative use was infused into the lessons. Students felt more confident that they understood the material, which translated into a better attitude regarding math class. As a result of this research, I plan to find ways to implement manipulatives in my teaching on a more regular basis. I intend to create lessons with manipulatives that will engage both hands and minds for the learners.

Writing In Math Class? Written Communication in the Mathematics Classroom

In this action research study of my seventh grade mathematics classroom, I investigated what written communication within the mathematics classroom would look like. I increased vocabulary instruction of specific mathematical terms for my students to use in their writing. I also looked at what I would have to do differently in my teaching in order for my students to be successful in their writing. Although my students said that using writing to explain mathematics helped them to better understand the math, my research revealed that student writing did not necessarily translate to improved scores. After direct instruction and practice on math vocabulary, my students did use the vocabulary words more often in their writing; however, my students used the words more like they would in spelling sentences rather than to show what it meant and how it can be applied within their written explanation in math. In my teaching, I discovered I tried many different strategies to help my students be successful. I was very deliberate in my language and usage of vocabulary words and also in my explanations of various math concepts. As a result of this research, I plan to continue having my students use writing to communicate within the mathematics classroom. I will keep using some of the strategies I found successful. I also will be very deliberate in using vocabulary words and stress the use of vocabulary words with my students in the future.

Traces, Patterns, Texture: In Search of Aesthetic Teaching/Learning Encounters

This inquiry reveals the crucial guidance of teachers toward surveying the capacity and needs of students, the formation of ideas, acting upon ideas, fostering connections, seeing potential, making judgments, and arranging conditions. Each aesthetic trace causes me to wonder how teachers learn to create experiences that foster student participation in the world aesthetically. The following considerations surface: • Given the emphasis in schools on outcomes and results, how do we encourage teachers to focus on acts of mind instead of end products in their work with students? • Given the orientations toward technical rationality, to fixed sequence, how do we help teachers experience fluid, purposeful learning adventures with students in which the imagi¬nation is given room to play? • Given the tendency to conceive of planning in teaching as the deciding of everything in advance, how do we help teachers and students become attuned to making good judgments derived from within learning experiences? • How do we help teachers build dialogical multivoiced conversations instead of monolithic curriculum? • What do we do to recover the pleasure dwelling in subject matter? How do we get teachers and students to engage thoughtfully in meaningful learning as opposed to covering curriculum7 • A capacity to attend sensitively, to perceive the complexity of relationships coming together in any teaching/learning experience seems critical. How do we help teachers and students attend to the unity of a learning experience and the play of meanings that arises from such undergoing and doing? The traces, patterns, and texture evidenced locate tremendous hope and wondrous possibilities alive within aesthetic teaching/learning encounters. It is such aliveness I encountered in the grade 4 art classroom that opened this account and continues to compel my attention. Possibilities for teaching, learning, and teacher education emerge. I am convinced they are most worthy of continued pursuit.