880 resultados para inseminação artificial


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提出了一种新的最优模糊PID控制器,它由两部分组成,即在线模糊推理机构和带有不完全微分的常规PID控制器,在模糊推理机构中,引入了三个可调节因子xp,xi和xd,其作用是进一步修改和优化模糊推理的结果,以使控制器对一个给定对象具有最优的控制效果,可调节因子的最优值采用ITAE准则及Nelder和Mead提出的柔性多面体最优搜索算法加以确定,这种PID控制器被用来控制由作者设计的智能人工腿中的一个直流电机,仿真结果表明该控制器的设计是非常有效的,它可被用于控制各种不同的对象和过程。

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An artificial muscle with strength and speed equal to that of a human muscle may soon be possible. Polymer gels exhibit abrubt volume changes in response to variations in their external conditions -- shrinking or swelling up to 1000 times their original volume. Through the conversion of chemical or electrical energy into mechanical work, a number of devices have already been constructed which produce forces up to 100N/cm2 and contraction rates on the order of a second. Through the promise of an artificial muscle is real, many fundamental physical and engineering questions remain before the extent or limit of these devices is known.

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A dynamic model and control system of an artificial muscle is presented. The artificial muscle is based on a contractile polymer gel which undergoes abrupt volume changes in response to variations in external conditions. The device uses an acid-base reaction to directly convert chemical to mechanical energy. A nonlinear sliding mode control system is proposed to track desired joint trajectories of a single link controlled by two antagonist muscles. Both the model and controller were implemented and produced acceptable tracking performance at 2Hz.

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This report concentrates on progress during the last two years at the M.I.T. Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. Topics covered include the representation of knowledge, understanding English, learning and debugging, understanding vision and productivity technology. It is stressed that these various areas are tied closely together through certain fundamental issues and problems.

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Uma técnica para criação e obtenção de todas as fases de desenvolvimento da mariposa-oriental Grapholita molesta (Busck, 1916) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) em laboratório (24 +- 2ºC; UR: 70 +- 10%; fotofase: 16h) utilizando dieta artificial foi avaliada e descrita.

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M. Neal, An Artificial Immune System for Continuous Analysis of Time-Varying Data, in Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Artificial Immune Systems (ICARIS), 2002, eds J Timmis and P J Bentley, volume 1, pages 76-85,

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Neal, M., Meta-stable memory in an artificial immune network, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Artificial Immune Systems {ICARIS}, Springer, 168-180, 2003,LNCS 2787/2003