I owe you: age-related similarities and differences in associative memory for gains and losses

Older adults often experience associative memory impairments but can sometimes remember important information. The current experiments investigate potential age-related similarities and differences associate memory for gains and losses. Younger and older participants were presented with faces and associated dollar amounts, which indicated how much money the person “owed” the participant, and were later given a cued recall test for the dollar amount. Experiment 1 examined face-dollar amount pairs while Experiment 2 included negative dollar amounts to examine both gains and losses. While younger adults recalled more information relative to older adults, both groups were more accurate in recalling the correct value associated with high value faces compared to lower value faces and remembered gist-information about the values. However, negative values (losses) did not have a strong impact on recall among older adults versus younger adults, illustrating important associative memory differences between younger and older adults.

Trust in the German police

The relative levels of trust in the police are explored, using data from the fifth round of the European Social Survey (ESS) which covered mainly 28 European countries. In this article, the position of Germany is examined within the international context. German trust in the police, for both German natives and ethnic minorities, for those 15 and over is high in comparison to other European countries. The article also tests if it is the fair treatment of citizens by the police, or the high value placed on rule adherence and conformity, that is driving the German citizen’s trust. It shows that the German police is trusted due to their perceived fairness, effectiveness and shared moral values, rather than on value placed on conformity to authority.

Investigating relationships within and between category networks in Wikipedia

This work maps and analyses cross-citations in the areas of Biology, Mathematics, Physics and Medicine in the English version of Wikipedia, which are represented as an undirected complex network where the entries correspond to nodes and the citations among the entries are mapped as edges. We found a high value of clustering coefficient for the areas of Biology and Medicine, and a small value for Mathematics and Physics. The topological organization is also different for each network, including a modular structure for Biology and Medicine, a sparse structure for Mathematics and a dense core for Physics. The networks have degree distributions that can be approximated by a power-law with a cut-off. The assortativity of the isolated networks has also been investigated and the results indicate distinct patterns for each subject. We estimated the betweenness centrality of each node considering the full Wikipedia network, which contains the nodes of the four subjects and the edges between them. In addition, the average shortest path length between the subjects revealed a close relationship between the subjects of Biology and Physics, and also between Medicine and Physics. Our results indicate that the analysis of the full Wikipedia network cannot predict the behavior of the isolated categories since their properties can be very different from those observed in the full network. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Detection of adulterations in processed coffee with cereals and coffee husks using capillary zone electrophoresis

The proposed method for the identification of adulteration was based on the controlled acid hydrolysis of xylan and starch present in some vegetable adulterants, followed by the analysis of the resulting xylose and glucose, which are the monosaccharides that compose, respectively, the two polysaccharides. The acid hydrolysis with HCl increases the ionic strength of the sample, which impairs the electrophoretic separation. Thus, a neutralization step based on anion exchange resin was necessary. The best separations were obtained in NaOH 80 mmol/L, CTAB 0.5 mmol/L, and methanol 30% v/v. Because of the high value of pH, monosaccharides are separated as anionic species in such running electrolyte. The LOQ for both monosaccharides was 0.2 g for 100 g of dry matter, which conforms to the tolerable limits.

Antioxidant Capacity and Larvicidal and Antifungal Activities of Essential Oils and Extracts from Piper krukoffii

The leaves and twigs of Piper krukoffii, collected in the Carajas National Forest, north Brazil, yielded essential oils (2.0% and 0.8%), the main constituents of which were myristicin (40.3% and 26.7%), apiole (25.4% and 34.1%) and elemicin (2.8% and 3.0%). The antioxidant activities of the oils, methanol extract and its sub-fractions were evaluated. The DPPH EC(50) values varied from the ethyl acetate sub-fraction (73.4 +/- 3.7 mu g/mL) to the methanol extract (24.9 +/- 0.8 mu g/mL), and the ABTS TEAC values ranged in the same order from 265.7 to 349.2 mu Mol TE/g. These results indicated a significant antioxidant activity for the plant. The lignans (-)-kusunokin, yatein, (-)-hinokin and cubebin were identified in the methanol extract. The hydro-methanolic sub-fraction showed a high value for total phenol content (106.5 +/- 0.7 mg GAE/g), as well as (1)H NMR signals for sugar moieties. Crude extracts and sub-fractions were also able to inhibit beta-carotene bleaching, varying from 22.4 to 47.1%. The oils from the leaves and twigs showed strong larvicidal (21.4 and 3.6 mu g/mL) and fungicide (0.5 and 0.1 mu g/mL) activities.

Entry, re-location and growth in the Swedish wholesale trade industry

Wholesale trade has an intermediate position between manufacturing and retail in the distributional channel. In modern economies, consumers buy few, if any, products directly from manufacture or producer. Instead, it is a wholesaler, who is in direct contact with producers, buying goods in larger quantities and selling them in smaller quantities to retailers. Traditionally, the main function of a wholesaler has been to push goods along the distributional channel from producer to retailer, or other nonend user. However, the function of wholesalers usually goes beyond the process of the physical distribution of goods. Wholesalers also arrange storage, perform market analyses, promote trade or provide technical support to consumers (Riemers 1998). The existence of wholesalers (and other intermediaries) in the distributional channel is based on the effective and efficient performance of distribution services, that are needed by producers and other members of the supply chain. Producers usually do not enjoy the economies of scale that they have in production, when it comes to providing distributional services (Rosenbloom 2007) and this creates a space for wholesalers or other intermediaries. Even though recent developments in the distributional channel indicate that traditional wholesaling activities now also compete with other supply chain organizations, wholesaling still remains an important activity in many economies (Quinn and Sparks, 2007). In 2010, the Swedish wholesale trade sector consisted of approximately 46.000 firms and generated an annual turnover of 1 300 billion SEK (Företagsstatistiken, Statistics Sweden). In terms of turnover, wholesaling accounts for 20% of the gross domestic product and is thereby the third largest industry. This is behind manufacturing and a composite group of firms in other sectors of the service industry but ahead of retailing. This indicates that the wholesale trade sector is an important part of the Swedish economy. The position of wholesaling is further reinforced when measuring productivity growth. Measured in terms of value added per employee, wholesaling experienced the largest productivity growth of all industries in the Swedish economy during the years 2000 through 2010. The fact that wholesale trade is one of the important parts of a modern economy, and the positive development of the Swedish wholesale trade sector in recent decades, leads to several questions related to industry dynamics. The three topics that will be examined in this thesis are firm entry, firm relocation and firm growth. The main question to be answered by this thesis is what factors influence new firm formation, firm relocation and firm growth in the Swedish wholesale trade sector?

Informality in labor market and welfare

The neoclassical growth model with two sectors in production is employed in this paper in order to investigate how a change in the tax structure affects informality and welfare. We calibrate and simulate the model and find that welfare always increases when we reduce the tax rate on the demand for labor and adjust the tax rate on the value added so that the government revenue remains constant.

Purchasing power parity: the choice of price index

Looking closely at the PPP argument, it states that the currencies purchasing power should not change when comparing the same basket goods across countries, and these goods should all be tradable. Hence, if PPP is valid at all, it should be captured by the relative price indices that best Öts these two features. We ran a horse race among six di§erent price indices available from the IMF database to see which one would yield higher PPP evidence, and, therefore, better Öt the two features. We used RER proxies measured as the ratio of export unit values, wholesale prices, value added deáators, unit labor costs, normalized unit labor costs and consumer prices, for a sample of 16 industrial countries, with quarterly data from 1975 to 2002. PPP was tested using both the ADF and the DFGLS unit root test of the RER series. The RER measured as WPI ratios was the one for which PPP evidence was found for the larger number of countries: six out of sixteen when we use DF-GLS test with demeaned series. The worst measure of all was the RER based on the ratio of foreign CPIs and domestic WPI. No evidence of PPP at all was found for this measure.

O impacto da Lei Kandir sobre a economia paulista

Em setembro 1996 o Congresso Nacional aprovou uma lei de desoneração tributária destinada a reduzir o Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços para estimular as exportações de bens primários e semi-elaborados assim como investimentos em bens de capital e serviços. As principais razões para adotar esta desoneração fiscal eram estimular as exportações assim como, alavancar o investimento doméstico. Inicialmente a lei enfrentou enorme resistência política dos governos estaduais desde que ela implicaria em perdas substantivas de arrecadação dos estados. Como resultado, o Governo Federal negociou com os estados um mecanismo de compensação baseado no conceito de seguro-receita. Este projeto pretende avaliar (i) o impacto da lei nas exportações brasileiras e no nível de investimento e (ii) o seu efeito sobre as finanças estaduais decorrentes de uma eventual perda de receita tributária.

Mudanças recentes da Lei Kandir e seu impacto na economia paulista a partir de 1999

Em setembro 1996 o Congresso Nacional aprovou a Lei Complementar nº 87/96 destinada a reduzir o Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços para estimular as exportações de bens primários e semi-elaborados assim como investimentos em bens de capital e serviços. As principais razões para adotar esta desoneração fiscal eram estimular as exportações assim como, alavancar o investimento doméstico. Inicialmente a lei enfrentou enorme resistência política dos governos estaduais desde que ela implicaria em perdas substantivas de arrecadação dos estados. Como resultado, o Governo Federal negociou com os estados um mecanismo de compensação baseado no conceito de seguro-receita. Após editada a lei sofreu um contínuo processo de mudança que culminou com a edição de uma nova lei complementar, (LC 102/00). Este projeto pretende avaliar (i) as sucessivas mudanças na Lei nº 87/96 e (ii) o seu efeito sobre as finanças estaduais decorrentes de uma eventual perda de receita tributária.

A utilização do valor econômico adicionado como ferramenta de gestão financeira

Lets imagine how should be fine to disclose a new measure form to investigate the businessman performance as if the job done is bringing back to the stockholder, the best results. Also, would be better to exists an executive compensation, by his add value created to the stockholder.The word ¿add value¿ is at the summit point on the financial world, all the companies are involved on creating add value" into the assets.So, the EVA (Economic Value Added) has come, a patented trade mark by a consulting corporation company, the Stern & Stewart Co. as a new indicator of companies performances.This assignment has motivated to running out na empirical research in order to find out the right methodology its qualitys and its differentials."

Retorno sobre o investimento de um programa de atenção domiciliar em uma seguradora especializada em saúde

O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar possíveis aplicações de métodos de avaliação financeira em práticas preventivas de uma seguradora especializada em saúde, especificamente na atenção domiciliar, utilizando conceitos de valor presente líquido (VPL), taxa interna de retorno (TIR), retorno sobre o investimento (ROI), retorno sobre o patrimônio (ROE ¿ em inglês, return on equity) e valor econômico adicionado (EVA® ¿ em inglês, economic value added), e, adaptados para uma análise gerencial, não-contábil, para conseguir demonstrar a contribuição destes para atingir uma análise mais consistente da atenção domiciliar estudada. Os resultados obtidos mostraram a viabilidade na aplicação desses indicadores financeiros para analisar os programas de atendimento domiciliar, e são necessários mais estudos para verificar também a aplicabilidade em programas de medicina preventiva.

Valor da tecnologia da informação e sua relação com métricas de desempenho empresarial: o caso de uma multinacional do ramo químico

O cenário globalizado e competitivo impulsiona os avanços tecnológicos e proporciona novas oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de inovações e novas soluções. Neste contexto, o papel da Tecnologia da Informação antes atribuído às atividades mais operacionais evolui para um enfoque mais estratégico e de parceria na criação de vantagem competitiva sustentável e assim, contribui para a geração de valor nos negócios. O aumento nos investimentos de TI nas últimas décadas tem sido acompanhado de questionamentos a respeito de retornos de investimento. Apesar dos diversos trabalhos desenvolvidos na área, há ainda controvérsias a respeito do real valor de TI o que torna o tema ao mesmo tempo desafiador e interessante para ser trabalhado. Neste sentido, este trabalho apresenta um estudo de caso de uma empresa multinacional do ramo químico no Brasil, na qual foi implementado um Sistema de Informação Gerencial, o Business Intelligence. Verificar-se-á se o uso de TI através da ferramenta de BI trouxe benefícios para a Organização. O Modelo simplificado de uso de Tecnologia da Informação em benefícios dos negócios e o Balanced Scorecard foram utilizados para sistematizar e auxiliar a condução do trabalho. Os fundamentos teóricos utilizados na discussão e análise do caso abrangem o Uso de TI, a Gestão de TI, Sistemas de Informação, Benefícios e Valor de TI.

Flexibilidade na utilização de diesel ou biodiesel: uma abordagem utilizando a teoria de opções reais

Este trabalho aborda o desenvolvimento do Biodiesel como combustível de fontes renováveis na matriz energética brasileira. Em especial será abordada a flexibilidade de utilização entre o Diesel tradicional de origem petrolífera e o Biodiesel de origem vegetal. Será feita a avaliação do valor da flexibilidade de um equipamento com motor ciclo diesel quando da possibilidade de utilização de Diesel mineral ou Biodiesel. A valoração da flexibilidade operacional será feita utilizando a Teoria de Opções Reais. Por fim, será comentado o potencial de ganho no agregado para um país como o Brasil, com um modal de transportes predominantemente rodoviário movido a Diesel.

The brazilian education quality index (Ideb): measurement and incentives upgrades

The increasing availability of social statistics in Latin America opens new possibilities in terms of accountability and incentive mechanisms for policy makers. This paper addresses these issues within the institutional context of the Brazilian educational system. We build a theoretical model based on the theory of incentives to analyze the role of the recently launched Basic Education Development Index (Ideb) in the provision of incentives at the sub-national level. The first result is to demonstrate that an education target system has the potential to improve the allocation of resources to education through conditional transfers to municipalities and schools. Second, we analyze the local government’s decision about how to allocate its education budget when seeking to accomplish the different objectives contemplated by the index, which involves the interaction between its two components, average proficiency and the passing rate. We discuss as well policy issues concerning the implementation of the synthetic education index in the light of this model arguing that there is room for improving the Ideb’s methodology itself. In addition, we analyze the desirable properties of an ideal education index and we argue in favor of an ex-post relative learning evaluation system for different municipalities (schools) based on the value added across different grades