Down-Regulating γ-gliadins in bread wheat leads to non-specific increases in other gluten proteins and has no major effect on dough gluten strength.

Background Gliadins are a major component of gluten proteins but their role in the mixing of dough is not well understood because their contribution to wheat flour functional properties are not as clear as for the glutenin fraction. Methodology/Principal Findings Transgenic lines of bread wheat with γ-gliadins suppressed by RNAi are reported. The effects on the gluten protein composition and on technological properties of flour were analyzed by RP-HPLC, by sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation (SDSS) test and by Mixograph analysis. The silencing of γ-gliadins by RNAi in wheat lines results in an increase in content of all other gluten proteins. Despite the gluten proteins compensation, in silico analysis of amino acid content showed no difference in the γ-gliadins silenced lines. The SDSS test and Mixograph parameters were slightly affected by the suppression of γ-gliadins. Conclusions/Significance Therefore, it is concluded that γ-gliadins do not have an essential functional contribution to the bread-making quality of wheat dough, and their role can be replaced by other gluten proteins

Evolución de la edificación agraria en La Mancha. Materiales, diseño y tipologías

El presente trabajo trata sobre la evolución de las construcciones rurales en una de las mayores regiones españolas, La Mancha. Se analizan básicamente tres puntos: a) Los materiales y sistemas de ejecución. b) Los diseños. c) Como síntesis de las dos anteriores. Las tipologías. Los materiales se estudian por periodos de tiempo, y los diseños por tipo de edificación agraria. Se ha deducido que los edificios más interesantes por su evolución son las bodegas, harineras y almazaras. SUMMARY The present work deals on evolution suffered by rural buildings in one of the larger spanish región, La Mancha. Three different points have been analysed: a) Materials and carrying out systems. b) Designs. c) As a synthesis of the both above, typologys. Materials have been studied by periods of time, designs by type of rural buildings. It has been thought the most interesting buildings, in terms of evolution, are wineries, flour milis and olive-oil milis.