Modeling and control of multibody system with flexible appendages

The objective of this work is to describe the design and the implementation of an experiment to study the dynamics and the active control of a slewing multi-link flexible structure. The experimental apparatus was designed to be representative of a flexible space structure such as a satellite with multiple flexible appendages. In this study we describe the design procedures, the analog and digital instrumentation, the analytical modeling together with model validation studies carried out through experimental modal testing and parametric system identification studies in the frequency domain. Preliminary results of a simple positional control where the sensor and the actuator are positioned physically at the same point is also described.

Using passive techniques for vibration damping in mechanical systems

This paper examines two passive techniques for vibration reduction in mechanical systems: the first one is based on dynamic vibration absorbers (DVAs) and the second uses resonant circuit shunted (RCS) piezoceramics. Genetic algorithms are used to determine the optimal design parameters with respect to performance indexes, which are associated with the dynamical behavior of the system over selected frequency bands. The calculation of the frequency response functions (FRFs) of the composite structure (primary system + DVAs) is performed through a substructure coupling technique. A modal technique is used to determine the frequency response function of the structure containing shunted piezoceramics which are bonded to the primary structure. The use of both techniques simultaneously on the same structure is investigated. The methodology developed is illustrated by numerical applications in which the primary structure is represented by simple Euler-Bernoulli beams. However, the design aspects of vibration control devices presented in this paper can be extended to more complex structures.

A frequency-domain pseudo-force method for dynamic structural analysis nonlinear systems and nonproportional damping

A frequency-domain method for nonlinear analysis of structural systems with viscous, hysteretic, nonproportional and frequency-dependent damping is presented. The nonlinear effects and nonproportional damping are considered through pseudo-force terms. The modal coordinates uncoupled equations are iteratively solved. The treatment of initial conditions in the frequency domain which is necessary for the treatment of the uncoupled equations is initially adressed.

Sotamuistomerkki Suomessa. Voiton ja tappion modaalista sovittelua

Väitöskirjani tarjoaa laajasti tietoa sotamuistomerkeistä koko Suomen alueelta. Työ purkaa suomalaisten sotamuistomerkkien ilmaisutapoja ja modaalisia keinoja, joilla taideteokset sovittelevat voitetun tai hävityn sodan tarinaa ja kokemuksellisia jännitteitä toisiinsa. Suurin osa analyysin kohteena olevista taideteoksista on pystytetty Suomen itsenäisyyden ajalla vapaudenpatsaiksi tai sankarihautojen, taisteluiden ja vakaumuksensa puolesta kuolleiden muistomerkeiksi. Tutkimus painottuu voiton ideologian vaikutukseen sotakuvaston muotoutumisessa. Avainkysymyksiä ovat, miten sotamuistomerkki viestittää poliittis-ideologisia tavoitteita tai miten muistomerkkien figuurien asennot, eleet ja attribuutit välittävät sotatarinan yhteisöllisiä sisältöjä. Tutkimus tarkentuu teosten modaalisiin piirteisiin ja merkityksenmuodostuksen vuorovaikutteisuuteen. Erikoishuomion kohteena ovat aiheiden sisällölliset ristiriidat ja ilmaisun murtumakohdat. Suurten teosmäärien ja aihetyyppien jaottelussa ja analysoimisessa on hyödynnetty ikonografian, kuvaretoriikan ja eleiden tutkimusta. Suomalaisen aineiston vertailukohtina ovat antiikin sotilasaiheinen taide, keskiaikainen Kristuksen kärsimyskuvasto sekä sotamuistomerkkiperinne Saksassa, Ranskassa, Yhdistyneessä kuningaskunnassa ja Amerikan yhdysvalloissa. Sotien muistokultin merkitysten avaamisessa käytetään diskurssianalyysin välineitä. Tutkimus osoittaa, että sotamuistomerkit rakentavat yhteisön turvallisuudentunnetta ja muokkaavat sotilasimagoa maskuliinisten ideaalien ja implisiittisen vihollis- tai vastakuvan varassa. Kansallisen paatoksen ohessa sotamuistomerkit vahvistavat sotilaiden aseveliaatetta ja luovat kuvaa rikkumattomasta yhteishengestä sekä kotirintamasta. Teokset tulkitsevat valmistumisaikansa usein ristiriitaista tunneilmapiiriä ja tulevaisuuden odotuksia sekä neuvottelevat paikallisesta erityisyydestä ja valtakysymyksistä. Veistosten modaaliset keinot suhteessa toimijarooleihin, kuten autonomisuuden korostus, tunteenomainen toiseen tukeutuminen tai sodan velvoitteisiin suuntautuminen perustuvat yleensä figuurien asentoihin. Sen sijaan figuurien eleet ja attribuutit, tärkeimpinä kypärä, ase, univormu ja lumipuku, tarkentavat suuntautumisen tavoitetta ja ideologista sanomaa. Koska sodassa on kyse vaikeasti käsiteltävistä väkivaltakulttuurin ilmiöistä, muistomerkeillä on hämärretty ja muokattu kuvaa historian tapahtumista. Siten teosten välittämät ideat uhrivalmiudesta ja tunteiden hillinnän velvoitteesta auttavat sotatraumojen ja surun kanavoimisessa sekä purkavat tapahtumiin liittyvää häpeää.

Surface studies of limestones and dolostones : characterisation using various techniques and batch dissolution experiments with hydrochloric acid solutions

In this thesis, stepwise titration with hydrochloric acid was used to obtain chemical reactivities and dissolution rates of ground limestones and dolostones of varying geological backgrounds (sedimentary, metamorphic or magmatic). Two different ways of conducting the calculations were used: 1) a first order mathematical model was used to calculate extrapolated initial reactivities (and dissolution rates) at pH 4, and 2) a second order mathematical model was used to acquire integrated mean specific chemical reaction constants (and dissolution rates) at pH 5. The calculations of the reactivities and dissolution rates were based on rate of change of pH and particle size distributions of the sample powders obtained by laser diffraction. The initial dissolution rates at pH 4 were repeatedly higher than previously reported literature values, whereas the dissolution rates at pH 5 were consistent with former observations. Reactivities and dissolution rates varied substantially for dolostones, whereas for limestones and calcareous rocks, the variation can be primarily explained by relatively large sample standard deviations. A list of the dolostone samples in a decreasing order of initial reactivity at pH 4 is: 1) metamorphic dolostones with calcite/dolomite ratio higher than about 6% 2) sedimentary dolostones without calcite 3) metamorphic dolostones with calcite/dolomite ratio lower than about 6% The reactivities and dissolution rates were accompanied by a wide range of experimental techniques to characterise the samples, to reveal how different rocks changed during the dissolution process, and to find out which factors had an influence on their chemical reactivities. An emphasis was put on chemical and morphological changes taking place at the surfaces of the particles via X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Supporting chemical information was obtained with X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) measurements of the samples, and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) measurements of the solutions used in the reactivity experiments. Information on mineral (modal) compositions and their occurrence was provided by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and studying thin sections with a petrographic microscope. BET (Brunauer, Emmet, Teller) surface areas were determined from nitrogen physisorption data. Factors increasing chemical reactivity of dolostones and calcareous rocks were found to be sedimentary origin, higher calcite concentration and smaller quartz concentration. Also, it is assumed that finer grain size and larger BET surface areas increase the reactivity although no certain correlation was found in this thesis. Atomic concentrations did not correlate with the reactivities. Sedimentary dolostones, unlike metamorphic ones, were found to have porous surface structures after dissolution. In addition, conventional (XPS) and synchrotron based (HRXPS) X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy were used to study bonding environments on calcite and dolomite surfaces. Both samples are insulators, which is why neutralisation measures such as electron flood gun and a conductive mask were used. Surface core level shifts of 0.7 ± 0.1 eV for Ca 2p spectrum of calcite and 0.75 ± 0.05 eV for Mg 2p and Ca 3s spectra of dolomite were obtained. Some satellite features of Ca 2p, C 1s and O 1s spectra have been suggested to be bulk plasmons. The origin of carbide bonds was suggested to be beam assisted interaction with hydrocarbons found on the surface. The results presented in this thesis are of particular importance for choosing raw materials for wet Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) and construction industry. Wet FGD benefits from high reactivity, whereas construction industry can take advantage of slow reactivity of carbonate rocks often used in the facades of fine buildings. Information on chemical bonding environments may help to create more accurate models for water-rock interactions of carbonates.

Merikonttien testilaitteiston suunnittelu

Merikonttien käyttöön rahtiliikenteessä liittyy niiden fyysisen kunnon säännöllinen tarkastaminen. Konttien tarkastaminen nykyisillä tavoilla on koettu vievän liikaa aikaa ja rahaa. Ratkaisuna tähän konttien tarkastaminen pyritään mekanisoimaan kehittämällä testilaitteisto, jolla kontin voi tarkastaa nopeasti ja edullisesti. Tässä diplomityössä perehdytään kyseiseltä laitteistolta vaadittaviin mekaanisiin ominaisuuksiin ja laitteiston suunnitteluun. Työn alussa selvitetään laitteistolta vaadittavat mekaaniset ominaisuudet. Tämän jälkeen siirrytään ideoimaan mahdollisia ratkaisuja vaadittavien ominaisuuksien toteuttamiseksi. Valittujen ideoiden pohjalta suunnitellaan testilaitteisto ja tehdään siitä valmistuspiirustukset. Työssä suoritetaan myös koemittaukset jo olemassa oleville testilaitteistojen prototyypeille ja arvioidaan näiden suorituskykyä.

Improving Cost-Efficiency and Reducing Environmental Impacts of Intermodal Transportation with Dry Port Concept – Major Rail Transport Corridor in Baltic Sea Region

Transportation plays a major role in the gross domestic product of various nations. There are, however, many obstacles hindering the transportation sector. Cost-efficiency along with proper delivery times, high frequency and reliability are not a straightforward task. Furthermore, environmental friendliness has increased the importance of the whole transportation sector. This development will change roles inside the transportation sector. Even now, but especially in the future, decisions regarding the transportation sector will be partly based on emission levels and other externalities originating from transportation in addition to pure transportation costs. There are different factors, which could have an impact on the transportation sector. IMO’s sulphur regulation is estimated to increase the costs of short sea shipping in the Baltic Sea. Price development of energy could change the roles of different transport modes. Higher awareness of the environmental impacts originating from transportation could also have an impact on the price level of more polluting transport modes. According to earlier research, increased inland transportation, modal shift and slowsteaming can be possible results of these changes in the transportation sector. Possible changes in the transportation sector and ways to settle potential obstacles are studied in this dissertation. Furthermore, means to improve cost-efficiency and to decrease environmental impacts originating from transportation are researched. Hypothetical Finnish dry port network and Rail Baltica transport corridor are studied in this dissertation. Benefits and disadvantages are studied with different methodologies. These include gravitational models, which were optimized with linear integer programming, discrete-event and system dynamics simulation, an interview study and a case study. Geographical focus is on the Baltic Sea Region, but the results can be adapted to other geographical locations with discretion. Results indicate that the dry port concept has benefits, but optimization regarding the location and the amount of dry ports plays an important role. In addition, the utilization of dry ports for freight transportation should be carefully operated, since only a certain amount of total freight volume can be cost-efficiently transported through dry ports. If dry ports are created and located without proper planning, they could actually increase transportation costs and delivery times of the whole transportation system. With an optimized dry port network, transportation costs can be lowered in Finland with three to five dry ports. Environmental impacts can be lowered with up to nine dry ports. If more dry ports are added to the system, the benefits become very minor, i.e. payback time of investments becomes extremely long. Furthermore, dry port network could support major transport corridors such as Rail Baltica. Based on an analysis of statistics and interview study, there could be enough freight volume available for Rail Baltica, especially, if North-West Russia is part of the Northern end of the corridor. Transit traffic to and from Russia (especially through the Baltic States) plays a large role. It could be possible to increase transit traffic through Finland by connecting the potential Finnish dry port network and the studied transport corridor. Additionally, sulphur emission regulation is assumed to increase the attractiveness of Rail Baltica in the year 2015. Part of the transit traffic could be rerouted along Rail Baltica instead of the Baltic Sea, since the price level of sea transport could increase due to the sulphur regulation. Both, the hypothetical Finnish dry port network and Rail Baltica transport corridor could benefit each other. The dry port network could gain more market share from Russia, but also from Central Europe, which is the other end of Rail Baltica. In addition, further Eastern countries could also be connected to achieve higher potential freight volume by rail.

Virtuaaliprototyypin käyttö roottorin dynamiikan analysoinnissa

Työn tavoitteena oli selvittää kaupallisen dynamiikansimulointiohjelmiston so-veltuvuus roottoridynamiikan analysointiin. Työssä keskityttiin erityisesti rootto-rin dynamiikkaan vaikuttavien epäideaalisuuksien mallintamiseen. Simulointitu-losten tarkkuutta selvitettiin mittauksilla. Lisäksi vertailtiin yleiskäyttöisen dyna-miikan simulointiohjelmiston ja roottoridynamiikan erikoisohjelmiston teoriaa. Tutkittava roottori oli paperikoneen putkitela. Telan joustavuus kuvattiin ele-menttimenetelmällä ratkaistujen moodien avulla. Elementtimallissa huomioitiin telan vaipan seinämänpaksuusvaihtelu, joka vaikuttaa telan massa- ja jäykkyysja-kaumaan. Dynamiikkaohjelmistossa mallinnettiin telan tuennasta tulevat herätteet. Dynamiikkaohjelmistona käytettiin ADAMS:ia ja FEM-ohjelmana ANSYS:stä. Tuloksista havaittiin käytetyn menetelmän soveltuvan roottoridynamiikan ana-lysointiin ja roottorin epäideaalisuuksien mallintamiseen. Simulointimallilla saa-tiin esille murtolukukriittiset pyörimisnopeudet ja telan kriittinen pyörimisnopeus vastasi hyvin mittaustuloksia.

Sellumassan varastosäiliön rakenneanalyysi

Tämä työ käsittelee valkaistun ja valkaisemattoman sellumassan varastosäiliön tärinää ja värähtelyä. Värähtelyn seurauksena säiliön seinämän jäykisterenkaan hitsausliitokseen on syntynyt särö. Työn tavoitteena on selvittää, mikä johtaa särön syntyyn ja miten kestäväm-piä varastosäiliöitä voidaan rakentaa materiaali-, valmistus- tai rakennemuutoksien avulla. Työ alkoi tutkimalla rakennemateriaalina olevan duplex-teräksen mikrorakenteen ominai-suuksia, sekä sen hitsattavuutta ja seostamista kirjallisuustutkimuksena. Kirjallisuustutki-musta jatkettiin selvittämällä mahdollisia vaurion syntymekanismeja seinämän särölle. Työssä analysoitiin myös tehtaalla mitattuja värähtelyarvoja. Lopuksi laskettiin FE-analyysillä tyhjän varastosäiliön ominaismuodot ja -taajuudet moodianalyysillä, sekä selvi-tettiin harmonisella analyysillä pinnankorkeuden vaihtelun vaikutus siirtymävasteeseen ja kriittisiin värähtelytaajuuksiin. Varastosäiliöön kohdistuvaa värähtelyä ei ole mahdollista poistaa kokonaan, mutta väräh-telyn aiheuttamia seurauksia kyetään rajaamaan useilla keinoilla. Toimenpiteinä voivat olla ainakin seinämän materiaalin paksuuden lisääminen, jäykisteripojen lisääminen ja kriittisten sellun pinnankorkeuksien välttäminen. Kriittiseksi pinnankorkeudeksi havaittiin 40–45 %:n täyttöaste ja turvalliseksi korkeudeksi 35–38 %:n täyttöaste. Varastosäiliölle kriittisen ominaistaajuuden katsotaan syntyvän taajuuksilla 3,3–3,8 Hz ja 5,8–6,4 Hz. Sellumassa putoaa varastosäiliöön noin 2 Hz taajuudella.

Recueil de chants royaux, ballades, rondeaux, épigrammes.

Contient : Chants royaux. Refrains ; 1 « Logis de Dieu signé du bel ymaige ». « OSMONT » ; 2 « Le lict d'honneur rempli de toute grace ». « BRASMETOT » ; 3 « Lampe illustrant l'eglise militante ». « OSMONT » ; 4 « Mer qui receoit et donne toute grace ». « OSMONT » ; 5 « Cloche sonnant le salut des humains ». « BRASMETOT » ; 6 « Parc virginal exempte de vermine ». « MAROT » ; 7 « Le val plaisant où Dieu voulut descendre ». « LESCARRE » ; 8 « Secours des cieulx, la pucelle Marie ». « BRASMETOT » ; 9 « Temple construict par divin artiffice ». « CRETHIN » ; 10 « Le noble corps de la belle Susanne ». « LESCARRE » ; 11 « Court sans erreur, sur toutes souveraine ». « BRASMETOT » ; 12 « Pour traicter paix salutaire aux humains ». « AVRIL » ; 13 « Cloistre de paix, sans envye et murmure ». « LESCARRE » ; 14 « Car ce qu'il veult, il le peult et le faict ». « BERTOULT » ; 15 « Le chois d'honneur où ne fut oncques blasme ». « BRASMETOT » ; 16 « La terre saincte où Dieu print sa naissance ». « OSMONT » ; 17 « De ung filz tout beau la mere toute belle ». « OSMONT » ; 18 « Mont distillant paix, salut, grace et gloire ». « LESCARRE » ; 19 « Le seau royal donnant grace aux humains ». « BRASMETOT » ; 20 « De tout impost et de suscite exempte ». « TURBOT » ; 21 « De tout peché par grace preservée ». « BRASMETOT » ; 22 « Le doulx myel aux humains salutaire ». « OSMONT » ; 23 « Pure en concept oultre loy de nature ». « MAROT » ; 24 « Le bien d'amour et le moyen de grace ». « PARMENTIER » ; 25 « La saincte paix du doy de Dieu signée ». « THYBAULT » ; 26 « Pure lycorne expellant tout venyn ». « LESCARRE » ; 27 « Sans vice aucun, toute belle conceue ». « BRASMETOT » ; 28 « La forte nef toute plaine de grace » ; 29 « Seule sans sy, divinement tyssue ». « CRETIN » ; 30 « Nom substantif rendant suppost au verbe ». « LESCARRE » ; 31 « Du bon pasteur le sacré tabernacle ». « CRIGNON » ; 32 « Pourpre excellent pour vestir le grant roy ». « CRIGNON » ; 33 « La saincte Bible où verité repose ». « THYBAULT » ; 34 « La main de grace aux pecheurs estendue ». « LESCARRE » ; 35 « Pour le tout beau conceue toute belle ». « THYBAULT » ; 36 « Au chois d'honneur l'honneur de la victoire ». « BRASMETOT » ; 37 « Beigle infaillible en tous caz approuvée ». « CRETIN » ; 38 « Le doctrinal, sans macule imprimé ». « LESCARRE » ; 39 « Le chariot du fort geant celeste ». « LESCARRE » ; 40 « En ung subject quatre pars concordantes ». « LEVESTU » ; 41 « L'ame parfaicte en forme raisonnable ». « LEPREVOST » ; 42 « La fille Adam, pelerine de grace ». « BRASMETOT » ; 43 « Ung aultre Adam et une Eve seconde ». « ALYNE » ; 44 « Harnoys d'espreuve au puissant roy de glore » ; 45 « Le regne franc de la loy tributaire ». « THYBAULT ; 46 « Sans lesion a passé par les picques ». « AUBER » ; 47 « L'oeil cler et nect, plain de grace et lumiere ». « BRASMETOT » ; 48 « D'un pouvre ver triumphante vesture ». « BRASMETOT » ; 49 « Le hault solleil qui luict sur tout le monde ». « TYBAULT » ; 50 « Sans estre assise en la chaire de peste ». « LESCARRE » ; Ballades. Refrains ; 1 « Des jardins la clere fontaine ». « AVRIL » ; 2 « Fontaine de paix et de grace ». « LESCARRE » ; 3 « La fontenelle de salut ». « BRASMETOT » ; 4 « Le blanc habit de purité ». « LESCARRE » ; 5 « La droicte eschelle d'innocence ». « LESCARRE » ; 6 « Mere, vierge et fille à son filz ». « BRASMETOT » ; 7 « Pomme sans ver et pourriture ». « LESCARRE » ; 8 « Marie, la mere de grace ». « THYBAULT » ; 9 « Croyre ce que l'Eglise en tient ». « LEBECIN » ; 10 « Exempte de tous infectz faictz ». « BRASMETOT » ; 11 « Pierre portant huyle et myel ». « LESCARRE » ; 12 « Beaulté excellente et parfaicte ». « CRIGNON » ; 13 « Dieu le peult, le fist et voulut ». « DEVAUX » ; 14 « Du cler solleil environnée ». « AVRIL » ; 15 « Le vray escusson de noblesse ». « BERTIN » ; 16 « La rose en Hierico plantée ». « LESCARRE » ; 17 « Franche du tribut general ». « CRETHIN » ; 18 « Exempte du premier peché ». « LESCARRE » ; 19 « Toute belle en ame et corps nect ». « BRASMETOT » ; 20 « La dame à l'aigneau sans macule ». « THYBAULT » ; 21 « La bouche adnonçant verité ». « THYBAULT » ; 22 « Le coeur, vray principe de vie ». « AVRIL » ; 23 « En ce concept tout parfaict faict ». « DOUBLET » ; 24 « Le samedi sainct et beni ». « LESCARRE » ; 25 « La haulte tour de fortitude ». « LESCARRE » ; 26 « La benoiste Vierge Marie ». « THYBAULT » ; 27 « Pour humains lyez deslyer ». « BRASMETOT » ; 28 « La franche terre du grand roy ». « PARMENTIER » ; 29 « Mouche rendant myel et cire ». « LESCARRE » ; 30 « Chandelle illuminant le monde ». « ALLIX » ; Rondeaux. Refrains ; 1 « Pour son plaisir ». « BRASMETOT » ; 2 « Qui qu'en parle ». « BRASMETOT » ; 3 « Par le meffait ». « TURBOT » ; 4 « Par la vertu ». « LESCARRE » ; 5 « Peuple devot ». « BRASMETOT » ; 6 « Pour traicter ». « AVRIL » ; 7 « Au son du cor ». « DOUBLET » ; 8 « Comme la rose ». « MAROT » ; 9 « Le dieu d'amours ». « LESCARRE » ; 10 « L'accord est faict ». « ALLYNE » ; 11 « Où penses tu » ; 12 « Royne des cieulx ». « TURBOT » ; 13 « Pan et Phebus ». « DOUBLET » ; 14 « Faulx detracteurs ». « LESCARRE » ; 15 « Povres humains ». « DAVAL » ; 16 « Pour donner fruict ». « LESCARRE » ; 17 « Est ce bien faict ». « S. WANDRILLE » ; 18 « Des imparfaictz ». « DESVAULX » ; 19 « Le jour sacré ». « BRASMETOT » ; 20 « Je suis sans sequente ». « AVRIL » ; 21 « Je mercy Dieu ». « AVRIL » ; 22 « Bien le sçavez ». « TURBOT » ; 23 « En mon concept ». « BRASMETOT » ; 24 « Pour posseder ». « LE VESTU » ; 25 « De mon cher filz ». « LESCARRE » ; 26 « Preux roy Françoys ». « LESCARRE » ; 27 « Mon seul plaisir ». « PARMENTIER » ; 28 « Sans vice aucun ». « BRASMETOT » ; 29 « C'est mal pensé ». « CRETHIN » ; 30 « Ne pensez pas ». « THYBAULT » ; 31 « Contre Sathan ». « AVRIL » ; 32 « Mere de Dieu ». « THYBAULT » ; 33 « Le fier serpent ». « BRASMETOT » ; 34 « Mon cher enfant ». « THYBAULT » ; 35 « Hors paradis ». « BRASMETOT » ; 36 « Par mon cher filz ». « THYBAULT » ; 37 « Grace nous vient ». « LESCARRE » ; 38 « Seule sans sy ». « BRASMETOT » ; 39 « S'esbahit on ». « LE PREVOST » ; 40 « A ung chacun ». « AVRIL » ; Epigrammata. Premiers vers ; 1 « Nox erat, et Phebus radios agitare per orbem ». « CHAPPERON » ; 2 « Ecquis in electa genialem virgine sordem ». « BELLENGUES » ; 3 « Frigidus Argestes, glaciali pulsus ab Arcto ». « BELLENGUES » ; 4 « O meritis dignata novis, quo numine salvos ». « DEQUERCU » ; 5 « Dum tua sublimi contemplor numina sensu ». « BELLENGUES » ; 6 « Torva fronte minax, scelerumque acerrimus ultor ». « DEQUERCU » ; 7 « Vidimus Eoo qua Titani surgit ab ortu ». « MARC » ; 8 « Si violenta lues nigrique voragine Ditis ». « JEMBLES » ; 9 « Post operum curas lassis cum festa puellis ». « DEQUERCU » ; 10 « Venerat insultans latebras venator agrestes ». « THEOBALDUS » ; 11 « Urbs fuit eterno quondam delecta parenti ». « LECLERC » ; 12 « Lurida sacrilego qui toxica concipis ore ». « DEBEAUVAIS » ; 13 « Hostis atrox quondam magni tabularia regis ». « LECLERC » ; 14 « Post gemitus longos veterum cum nulla parentum ». « THEOBALDUS » ; 15 « Ordior empyreum mundum quem mole rotunda ». « LECLERC » ; 16 « Concipitur gelide sacro sub viscere matris ». « BELLENGUES » ; 17 « Fecit apis, quondam celesti egressa vireto ». « THEOBALDUS » ; 18 « Nullus originea Mariam rubigine lesam ». « CELESTINUS » ; 19 « Non colit obscenas divina potentia mentes ». « CELESTINUS » ; 20 « Orta mari magno, falsi tamen inscia limi ». « THEOBALDUS » ; 21 « Nondum Romulei renovarant secla Quirites ». « GEMELLUS » ; 22 « Duxit ab antiquo candentem farre farinam ». « THEOBALDUS » ; 23 « Flevimus a magna domitam Babylone Syonem ». « LAIR » ; 24 « Fulsit ab Eoo quadrata fenestra recessu ». « THEOBALDUS » ; 25 « Impia perpendens phrigii perjuria pacti ». « JO. « LIGARIUS » ; 26 « Nil rabidas voces, nil agmina livida pendit ». « THEOBALDUS » ; 27 « Duxit ab obscura radiosam nube columnam ». « TEXTOR » ; 28 « Nuper idumeo solvens a littore puppis ». « THEOBALDUS » ; 29 « Post nimios estus tellus cum torrida fruges » « JO. LIGARIUS » ; 30 « Audite, edomiti populi, quos martius horror ». « LAIR »

Evaluation of a treatment program for individuals with an intellectual disability who have high risk behaviours

In the past two decades numerous programs have emerged to treat individuals with developmental disabilities who have sexual offending behaviours. There has, however been very few studies that systematically examine the effectiveness of long term treatment with this population. The present research examines the therapeutic outcomes of a multi-modal behaviour approach with six individuals with intellectual disabilities previously charged with sexual assault. The participants also exhibited severe behavioural challenges that included verbal aggression, physical aggression, destruction and self-injury. These six participants (5 males, 1 female) were admitted to a Long Term Residential Treatment Program (LTRTP), due to the severity of their behaviours and due to their lack of treatment success in other programs. Individualized treatment plans focused on the reduction of maladaptive behaviours and the enhancing of skills such as positive coping strategies, socio-sexual knowledge, life skills, recreation and leisure skills. The treatment program also included psychiatric, psychological, medical, behavioural and educational interventions. The participants remained in the Long Term Residential Treatment Program (LTRTP) program from 181 to 932 days (average of 1.5 years). Pre and post treatment evaluations were conducted using the following tools: frequency of target behaviours, Psychopathology Inventory for Mentally Retarded Adults (PIMRA), Emotional Problems Scale (EPS), Socio-Sexual Knowledge and Attitudes Assessment Tool (SSKAAT-R) and Quality of Life Questionnaire (QOL-Q). Recidivism rates and the need for re-hospitalization were also noted for each participant. By offering high levels of individualized interventions, all six participants showed a 37 % rate of reduction in maladaptive behaviours with zero to low rates of inappropriate sexualbehaviour, there were no psychiatric hospitalizations, and there was no recidivism for 5 of 6 participants. In addition, medication was reduced. Mental health scores on the PIMRA were reduced across all participants by 25 % and scores on the Quality of Life Questionnaire increased for all participants by an average of 72 %. These findings add to and build upon the existing literature on long term treatment benefits for individuals with a intellectual disability who sexually offend. By utilizing an individualized and multimodal treatment approach to reduce severe behavioural challenges, not only can the maladaptive behaviours be reduced, but adaptive behaviours can be increased, mental health concerns can be managed, and overall quality of life can be improved.

Structural, stratigraphic and geochemical studies of the Horwood Peninsula - Gander Bay Area, Northeast Newfoundland /

The Horwood Peninsula - Gander Bay area is located at NE Newfoundland in the Botwood Zone (Williams et a1., 1974) or in the Dunnage Zone (Williams, 1979) of the Central Mobile Belt of the Newfoundland Appalachians. The area is underlain by Middle Ordovician to possible Lower Silurian rocks of the Davidsville and Indian Islands Groups, respectively. Three conformable formations named informally : the Mafic Volcanic Formation, the Greywacke and Siltstone Formation and the Black Slate Formation, have been recognized in the Davidsville Group. The Greywacke and the Black Slate Formations pass locally into a Melange Formation. From consideration of regional structure and abundant locally-derived mafic volcanic olisto- 1iths in the melange, it is considered to have originated by gravity sliding rather than thrusting. Four formations have been recognized in the Indian Islands Group. They mainly contain silty slate and phyllite, grey cherty siltstone, green to red micaceous siltstone and limestone horizons. Repetition of lithological units by F1 folding are well-demonstrated in one of formations in this Group. The major structure in this Group on the Horwood Peninsula is interpreted to be a synclinal complex. The lithology of this Group is different from the Botwood Group to the west and is probably Late Ordovician and/or Early Silurian in age. The effects of soft-sediment deformation can be seen from the lower part of the Davidsville Group to the middle part of the Indian Islands Group indicating continuous and/or episodic slumping and sliding activities throughout the whole area. However, no siginificant depOSitional and tectonic break that could be assigned to the Taconian Orogeny has been recognized in this study. Three periods of tectonic deformation were produced by the Acadian Orogeny. Double boudinage in thin dikes indicates a southeast-northwest sub-horizontal compression and main northeast-southwest sub-horizontal extension during the D1 deformation. A penetrative, axial planar slaty cleavage (Sl) and tight to isocJ.ina1 F1 folds are products of this deformation. The D2 and D3 deformations formed S2 and S3 fabrics associated with crenulations and kink bands which are well-shown in the slates and phyllites of the Indian Islands Group. The D2 and D3 deformations are the products of vertical and northeast-southwest horizontal shortening respectively. The inferred fault between the Ordovician slates (Davidsville Group) and the siltstones (Indian Islands Group) suggested by Williams (1963, 1964b, 1972, 1978) is absent. Formations can be followed without displacement across this inferred fault. Chemically, the pillow lavas, mafic agglomerates, tuff beds and diabase dikes are subdivided into three rock suites : (a) basaltic komatiite (Beaver Cove Assemblage), (b) tholeiitic basalt (diabase dikes), (c) alkaline basalt (Shoal Bay Assemblage). The high Ti02 , MgO, Ni contents and bimodal characteristic of the basaltic komatiite in the area are comparable to the Svartenhuk Peninsula at Baffin Bay and are interpreted to be the result of an abortive volcano-tectonic rift-zone in a rear-arc basin. Modal and chemical analyses of greywackes and siltstones show the trend of maturity of these rocks increasing from poorly sorted Ordovician greywackes to fairly well-sorted Silurian siltstones. Rock fragments in greywackes indicate source areas consisting of plagiogranite, low grade metamorphic rocks and ultramafic rocks. Rare sedimentary structures in both Groups indicate a southeasterly provenance. Trace element analyses of greywackes also reveal a possible island-arc affinity.

Differentiation of morphology and reproductive traits in the house finch (Carpodacus mexicanus): a comparison between native and introduced populations

House Finches (CarpQdacqs mexiCAnuS) were introduced to Long Island, New York from southern'California in 1940. Apparently, an initial sample of less than 100 birds has given rise to a population that now occupies much of the eastern United States. This study was to determine if morphological and reproductive changes have taken place in introduced eastern birds, which have colonized a novel environment. A study area in Goleta, California (CAL) represented the parental population whereas for comparison, House Finches in St. Catharines, Ontario (ONT) represented the introduced population. Interlocality variation in 25 morphometric characters of 100 adult House Finches was examined statistically. Singleclassification analysis of variance revealed significant interlocality differentiation in seven characters of males and nine of females. Females showed differentiation in more limb elements than males. Analysis of character variation using discriminant and principal component analysis distinguished samples on the basis of variation in shape. Compared to CAL, aNT birds (especially females) had smaller extremities relative to certain core parts and weight. Females showed similar patterns of character covariation in each locality on the second principal component, which suggests that differentiation of the ONT population may not be solely environmentally induced. Sexual dimorphism was evident in four charaoters in aNT and five in CAL. Disoriminant analysis distinguished sex on the basis of variation in shape. Males possessed a relatively larger flying apparatus and small.er hind limbs than females. The dearee of sexual dimorphism did not vary sicnifioantly between looalities. 3 Data on reproduotive parameters were oolleoted in 1983 and 1984 in ONT, and 1984 in CAL. In 1984, Bouse Finohes began breedina approximately three months earlier in CAL than in ONT. In ONT, there was no sianifioant differenoe in mean olutoh initiation date between 1983 and 1984. In both looalities most nests oontained either four or five ea",s, and olutoh size differenoes between looalites were not signifioant. Seasonal deolines in olutch size were evident in ONT but not in CAL. Intralooality variation in e.g weight and size was not related to clutch size. E",g weiaht showed no seasonal trend in ONT, but inoreased sianifioantly with breed ina season in OAL. In both looalities e8'''' weiaht increased sipifioantly with order of layina in olutohes of four but not in clutohes of five. Eag's in ONT in 1983 and 1984 were sip.ificantly larser than in CAL in 1984. The modal inoubation period was 13 days and did not vary sip.ifioantly between localites. In both looalities nestling weiaht on the day of hatohing was oorrelated to fresh ega welaht. For muoh of the period between hatohing and 14 days post-hatoh, ONT nestlinas were signifioantly laraer than CAL nestlings in terms of weiaht. bill length, bill depth, and manus length.

Textual characteristics of coarse sediments in selected streams of the Niagara Peninsula, Ontario

The streams flowing through the Niagara Escarpment are paved by coarse carbonate and sandstone sediments which have originated from the escarpment units and can be traced downstream from their source. Fifty-nine sediment samples were taken from five streams, over distances of 3,000 to 10,000 feet (915 to 3050 m), to determine downstream changes in sediment composition, textural characteristics and sorting. In addition, fluorometric velocity measurements were used in conjunction with measured -discharge and flow records to estimate the frequency of sediment movement. The frequency of sediments of a given lithology changes downstream in direct response to the outcrop position of the formations in the channels. Clasts derived from a single stratigraphic unit usually reach a maximum frequency within the first 1,000 feet (305 m) of transport. Sediments derived from formations at the top of waterfalls reach a modal frequency farther downstream than material originating at the base of waterfalls. Downstream variations in sediment size over the lengths of the study reaches reflect the changes in channel morphology and lithologic composition of the sediment samples. Linear regression analyses indicate that there is a decrease in the axial lengths between the intial and final samples and that the long axis decreases in length more rapidly than the intermediate, while the short axis remains almost constant. Carbonate sediments from coarse-grained, fossiliferous units - iii - are more variable in size than fine-grained dolostones and sandstones. The average sphericity for carbonates and sandstones increases from 0.65 to 0.67, while maximum projection sphericity remains nearly constant with an average value of 0.52. Pebble roundness increases more rapidly than either of the sphericity parameters and the sediments change from subrounded to rounded. The Hjulstrom diagram indicates that the velocities required to initiate transport of sediments with an average intermediate diameter of 10 cm range from 200 cm/s to 300 cm/s (6.6 ft./sec. to 9.8 ft./sec.). From the modal velocitydischarge relations, the flows corresponding to these velocities are greater than 3,500 cfs (99 m3s). These discharges occur less than 0.01 p~r cent (0.4 days) of the time and correspond to a discharge occurring during the spring flood.

Foraging ecology and parental care of common terns (Sterna hirundo) nesting in Windermere Basin, Lake Ontario

The relationships among chick feeding, size and type of prey item, and foraging time away from the brood have not been well studied in seabirds. This study investigated spatial and temporal patterns of foraging and chick-provisioning among 23 radio-tagged male common terns nesting at Hamilton Harbour, Lake Ontario during 1991 and 1992. Telemetry data were collected concurrently with behavioural observations from an elevated blind. Terns fitted with transmitters did not differ from controls with respect to either brood attendance, patterns of chick mortality, species and size distributions of prey delivered to offspring, or chick-provisioning rates. There was a clear separation of parental roles: males were primarily responsible for feeding chicks while females allocated more time to brood attendance. The prey species most commonly delivered to chicks by adults were rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) and alewife (A/osa pseudoharengus), followed in importance by larval fish, emerald shiner (Notropis antherinoides), salmonids, and fathead minnows (Pimepha/es prome/as). The relative proportions of various fish speCies delivered to chicks by males differed over the course of each breeding season, and there was also much variability in species composition of prey between years. Sizes of prey delivered to chicks also differed between sampling periods. The modal size of fish brought to chicks during Peak 1991 was 1.5 bill lengths, while the majority of prey in Late 1991 were small larval fish. The reverse trend occurred in 1992 when small fish were delivered to chicks predominantly during the Peak nesting period. During periods when predominantly small fish were delivered to chicks, the foraging activity of radio-tagged males was concentrated within a two kilometer radius of the colony. The observed variation in prey composition and foraging locations during the study likely reflects temporal variation in the availability of prey in the vicinity of the colony. Males delivered fish to chicks at a constant rate, while females 4 increased their feeding frequency over the first six to ten brood days. The mean length of fish delivered to chicks by adults increased significantly with increasing chick age. As a group, within each nesting period, transmittered males either foraged predominantly in the same directional bearing (north during Peak 1991, south during Late 1992), or concentrated foraging activity in the immediate vicinity of the colony (Late 1991, Peak 1992). However, individual radio-tagged males exhibited unique and predictable foraging patterns, often favouring specific locations within these areas and differing in their secondary foraging patterns. Overall, the Lake Ontario shoreline between NCB Bay" (3.5 km south of colony) and the lift bridge canal (4 km north of colony) was the foraging area used most frequently by radiotagged males during the chick-rearing period. Foraging patterns of transmittered males at Windermere Basin are similar to patterns of peak-nesting common terns, but differ from those of late-nesters, at a nearby colony (Port Colborne, Lake Erie). Differences between the foraging patterns of late-nesting terns at these colonies likely reflect differences in annual patterns of fish availability between the two locations. No relationship was found between foraging proficiency of adults and survival of offspring. Stochastic factors, such as predation by black-crowned nightherons (Nycticorax nycticorax) and adverse weather conditions during the early stages of chick rearing, may be more important determinants of common tern breeding success than parental quality or fish availability.