Saliva flow rate, buffer capacity, and pH of autistic individuals

The objective of the study was to evaluate saliva flow rate, buffer capacity, pH levels, and dental caries experience (DCE) in autistic individuals, comparing the results with a control group (CG). The study was performed on 25 noninstitutionalized autistic boys, divided in two groups. G1 composed of ten children, ages 3-8. G2 composed of 15 adolescents ages 9-13. The CG was composed of 25 healthy boys, randomly selected and also divided in two groups: CG3 composed of 14 children ages 4-8, and CG4 composed of 11 adolescents ages 9-14. Whole saliva was collected under slight suction, and pH and buffer capacity were determined using a digital pHmeter. Buffer capacity was measured by titration using 0.01 N HCl, and the flow rate expressed in ml/min, and the DCE was expressed by decayed, missing, and filled teeth (permanent dentition [DMFT] and primary dentition [dmft]). Data were plotted and submitted to nonparametric (Kruskal-Wallis) and parametric (Student`s t test) statistical tests with a significance level less than 0.05. When comparing G1 and CG3, groups did not differ in flow rate, pH levels, buffer capacity, or DMFT. Groups G2 and CG4 differ significantly in pH (p = 0.007) and pHi = 7.0 (p = 0.001), with lower scores for G2. In autistic individuals aged 3-8 and 9-13, medicated or not, there was no significant statistical difference in flow rate, pH, and buffer capacity. The comparison of DCE among autistic children and CG children with deciduous (dmft) and mixed/permanent decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) did not show statistical difference (p = 0.743). Data suggest that autistic individuals have neither a higher flow rate nor a better buffer capacity. Similar DCE was observed in both groups studied.

Radical Scavenging Capacity of Piper arboreum and Piper tuberculatum (Piperaceae)

In the scope of our ongoing researchers on antioxidant compounds, twenty four extracts and fractions obtained from Piper arboreum Aublet and Piper tuberculatum Jacq. (Piperaceae) were screened for radical scavenging capacity (RSC) by using DPPH colorimetric assay. The strongest activity was found in ethyl acetate fractions from the leaves of P. arboreum IC(50) = 5.70 mu g/mL) and P. tuberculatum IC(50) = 8.40 mu g/mL). Hydromethanol fractions of the leaves of P. tuberculatum and P. arboreum showed moderate RSC, with values of IC(50) (mu g/mL) of 11.9 and 19.2, respectively. Additionally, a brief phytochemical study of the ethyl acetate fraction of P. arboreum leaves affording quercetin (1) and quercitrin (2), two flavonols with antioxidant activity previously described in the literature.

Antioxidant Capacity and Larvicidal and Antifungal Activities of Essential Oils and Extracts from Piper krukoffii

The leaves and twigs of Piper krukoffii, collected in the Carajas National Forest, north Brazil, yielded essential oils (2.0% and 0.8%), the main constituents of which were myristicin (40.3% and 26.7%), apiole (25.4% and 34.1%) and elemicin (2.8% and 3.0%). The antioxidant activities of the oils, methanol extract and its sub-fractions were evaluated. The DPPH EC(50) values varied from the ethyl acetate sub-fraction (73.4 +/- 3.7 mu g/mL) to the methanol extract (24.9 +/- 0.8 mu g/mL), and the ABTS TEAC values ranged in the same order from 265.7 to 349.2 mu Mol TE/g. These results indicated a significant antioxidant activity for the plant. The lignans (-)-kusunokin, yatein, (-)-hinokin and cubebin were identified in the methanol extract. The hydro-methanolic sub-fraction showed a high value for total phenol content (106.5 +/- 0.7 mg GAE/g), as well as (1)H NMR signals for sugar moieties. Crude extracts and sub-fractions were also able to inhibit beta-carotene bleaching, varying from 22.4 to 47.1%. The oils from the leaves and twigs showed strong larvicidal (21.4 and 3.6 mu g/mL) and fungicide (0.5 and 0.1 mu g/mL) activities.

Sugarcane spirit extracts of oak and Brazilian woods: antioxidant capacity and activity

Sugarcane spirit extracts of six different Brazilian woods for potential use in manufacturing aging casks were compared with similar extracts of five oak samples from different geographic origin and heat treatment regarding: (1) content of phenolics and copper; (2) radical reducing capacity and reactivity toward 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH center dot); and (3) effect on the rate of oxygen depletion rate in a peroxidating lipid model system. Total phenolic contents of the Brazilian wood extracts ranged from 0.65 (canela-sassafras) to 6.4 (jatoba) mmol(GAE) L(-1) and from 1.39 to 2.87 mmol(GAE) L(-1) for oak extracts. Flavonoids ranged from 1.54 x 10(-4) (ipe) to 6.5 x 10(-2) (oak) mmol(rutin) L(-1), and tannins from below the detection limit to 0.22 (jatoba) mmol(tannic acid) L(-1). Correlation was observed for the antioxidant capacity versus phenolics/flavonoids/tannins content, where oak extracts exhibit the highest radical scavenging capacity compared to Brazilian woods. Rate constant for radical scavenging by the extracts ranged from 4.9 x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1)(canela-sassafras) to 9.7 x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) (oak). The oxygen consumption index showed the Brazilian woods amendoim and jatoba to be more efficient inhibitors than the oak extracts for lipid autoxidation initiated by metmyoglobin, despite that the oak extracts seem to be more efficient to scavenge DPPH center dot. No simple correlation with phenolics or copper content could be established, and a prooxidative tendency was observed for the extracts of canela-sassafras, castanheira, and louro-canela.

Electrochemical determination of the antioxidant capacity: The ceric reducing/antioxidant capacity (CRAC) assay

The CRAC assay is a direct electron transfer test of antioxidant capacity for several organic compounds. The ability of eight different compounds in reducing Cc 41 was studied by chronoamperometric measurements of the remaining Ce(3+) species. The following antioxidant classification was observed: tannic acid >> quercetin > rutin > gallic acid approximate to catechin > ascorbic acid > BHA > Trolox. These results agree with others already published and a good correlation (R(2) = 0.937) was found with the classical spectrophotometric FRAP assay. The CRAC assay is simple, fast, free from sample pretreatment and applicable to nontransparent samples.

Closed-circuit Television Students Film a Voltage-regulator check by William C.H. Meyers

One of a series of photographs accompanying a press release by the New York Trade School announcing the development and demonstration of a new technique in closed-circuit TV. Student Dennis Mahoney serves as one of the cameramen as William C. H. Meyers of the Automotive Department performs the demonstration. Black and white photograph.

The forward- and the equity-premium puzzles: two symptoms of the same illness?

In this paper we revisit the relationship between the equity and the forward premium puzzles. We construct return-based stochastic discount factors under very mild assumptions and check whether they price correctly the equity and the foreign currency risk premia. We avoid log-linearizations by using moments restrictions associated with euler equations to test the capacity of our return-based stochastic discount factors to price returns on the relevant assets. Our main finding is that a pricing kernel constructed only using information on American domestic assets accounts for both domestic and international stylized facts that escape consumption based models. In particular, we fail to reject the null hypothesis that the foreign currency risk premium has zero price when the instrument is the own current value of the forward premium.

Modelagem do potencial de mercado dos municípios paulistas

Os indicadores de potencial de consumo são medidas indiretas da capacidade de uma região absorver uma determinada categoria de produto. O método de regressão linear simples pode ser utilizado na elaboração de índices simples e robustos que geralmente produzem resultados comparáveis ou superiores aos que podem ser obtidos pela utilização de índices vendidos por empresas de consultoria. Este fato passa despercebido pela maioria dos usuários porque habitualmente não são feitos esforços de comparar os índices com a realidade que estes se propõem a descrever (o que tem uma certa lógica, porque se conhecêssemos a realidade não precisaríamos do índice de potencial). Para estabelecer a metodologia e demonstrar a tese acima, são coletados dados a respeito da área de loja de supermercados dos municípios do Estado de São Paulo; um índice é construído, e em seguida comparado com outros indicadores. Os resultados confirmam a suposição inicial.

Gestão de operações em serviços de check-in em aeroportos : um estudo de caso sobre o impacto do uso de componentes de TI no Aeroporto Internacional de São Paulo-Guarulhos

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar como a adoção de três componentes tecnológicos pode aumentar a integração, eficiência e qualidade do processo de check-in de passageiros no aeroporto internacional de Guarulhos, que atende a cidade de São Paulo. Após uma introdução sobre a relevância do tema, e tendo por base os casos de Las Vegas McCarran e Londres Heathrow – Terminal 5, foi feita uma revisão do referencial teórico para explicitar as características identificadas. A abordagem metodológica eleita foi o estudo de caso-único, resultando na definição de quatro categorias de pesquisa: modularidade, customização massificada, o redesenho da cadeia de negócios através quarto nível de integração por meio de TI, e aceitação dos serviços de auto-atendimento pelos passageiros. Em seguida, foi feito um contraponto entre dados secundários globais para as categorias de pesquisa definidas e dados relativos ao aeroporto internacional de Guarulhos. Na conclusão é feita uma análise para cada categoria de pesquisa, bem como sugeridos novos itens para pesquisas futuras.

As imagens do povo e o espaço vazio da arte/educação: (um estudo sobre Antonio Poteiro)

Este trabalho - As imagens do povo e o espaço vazio da arte - educação - é o desenvolvimento de uma reflexãos sobre a arte, suas condições de produção e o seu conteudo, na busca de subsídio para o desenvolvimento da educação artística no contexto da Educação Formal. Esta refleção se fundamenta no pressuposto de que a arte não ê um momento separado da praxis humana, mas que se constitui num objeto de apropriação do real, que ao expressá-lo cria uma realidade humano-social e a ela se integra, estabelecendo uma rede de interações. A metodologia empregada para as verificações concernentes aos pressupostos teóricos, situa-se no que se convencionou denominar "estudo de caso". Analisa-se a produção do artista plástico, Antônio Poteiro, ceramista e pintor, de origem popular, procurando nela instâncias de crítica e renovação social. Do ponto de vista da apresentação, este estudo se constitui de quatro partes. Na primeira parte, introdutória, sao abordados aspectos teóricos da arte em sua relação com a realidade social. Enfatiza-se o problema da fruição nas artes figurativas.A segunda é dedicada à vida do artista. Faz-se transcrição da história de vida, segue-se um comentário evidenciando aspectos da capacidade criadora do artista. A terceira é dedicada a sua obra, pintura e escultura. Procede-se o deciframento de um conjunto de obras, a partir de um tema recorrente. Numa fase final, reunem-se as questões concernentes a produção do artista, para que venham contribuir para a educação, supondo-se que a arte ocupe nos processos educacionais, um espaço que leve ao desenvolvimento da sensibilidade humana.

Reality check for volatility models

Asset allocation decisions and value at risk calculations rely strongly on volatility estimates. Volatility measures such as rolling window, EWMA, GARCH and stochastic volatility are used in practice. GARCH and EWMA type models that incorporate the dynamic structure of volatility and are capable of forecasting future behavior of risk should perform better than constant, rolling window volatility models. For the same asset the model that is the ‘best’ according to some criterion can change from period to period. We use the reality check test∗ to verify if one model out-performs others over a class of re-sampled time-series data. The test is based on re-sampling the data using stationary bootstrapping. For each re-sample we check the ‘best’ model according to two criteria and analyze the distribution of the performance statistics. We compare constant volatility, EWMA and GARCH models using a quadratic utility function and a risk management measurement as comparison criteria. No model consistently out-performs the benchmark.

Taxa não inflacionária da capacidade utilizada: uma abordagem usando microdados brasileiros

Esta dissertação baseia-se na criação de uma taxa não inflacionária da capacidade utilizada (NIRCU) para economia brasileira, utilizando microdados da Sondagem da Indústria de Transformação e Índice de Preços ao Produtor Amplo – M (IPA-M), pesquisas desenvolvidas pela FGV/IBRE. Foram criadas três taxas: NIRCU Sondagem, NIRCU Coincidente e NIRCU Antecedente. A primeira utiliza apenas dados da sondagem e a ideia é verificar que não há pressão inflacionária quando as empresas informam para sondagem que não irão variar os seus preços para os próximos três meses e que o número de turnos trabalhado é igual à média do setor. Já as demais, cruzam as informações das empresas que respondem tanto a Sondagem da Indústria de Transformação quanto no IPA-M e verifica se as que informam que não irão alterar os seus preços nos próximos três meses se concretiza quando comparados às variações do índice. A diferença entre as duas últimas abordagens é que a primeira, NIRCU Coincidente, verifica no mesmo período e a outra, NIRCU Antecedente, no trimestre seguinte. A forma encontrada para verificar a eficácia dos indicadores em mensurar a existência de pressão inflacionária foi inserir os diferentes hiatos de produto das NIRCU no modelo de Curva de Phillips, usando a metodologia de Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO). De acordo com as estimativas, a NIRCU Antecedente foi a única das três que não apresentou um bom desempenho no resultado; as NIRCU Sondagem e Coincidente tiveram uma performance muita boa, principalmente a última. Ou seja, esses dois indicadores tiveram um resultado tão bom quanto as mais tradicionais medidas de hiato de produto.

Does absorptive capacity affect project performance? A study based on project management practices, organization learning, and knowledge

The literature has emphasized that absorptive capacity (AC) leads to performance, but in projects its influences still unclear. Additionally, the project success is not well understood by the literature, and AC can be an important mechanism to explain it. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of absorptive capacity on project performance in the construction industry of São Paulo State. We study this influence through potential and realized absorptive capacity proposed by Zahra and George (2002). For achieving this goal, we use a combination of qualitative and quantitative research. The qualitative research is based on 15 interviews with project managers in different sectors to understand the main constructs and support the next quantitative phase. The content analysis was the technique used to analyze those interviews. In quantitative phase through a survey questionnaire, we collected 157 responses in the construction sector with project managers. The confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical linear regression were the techniques used to assess the data. Our findings suggest that the realized absorptive capacity has a positive influence on performance, but potential absorptive capacity and the interactions effect have no influence on performance. Moreover, the planning and monitoring have a positive impact on budget and schedule, and customer satisfaction while risk coping capacity has a positive impact on business success. In academics terms, this research enables a better understanding of the importance of absorptive capacity in the construction industry and it confirms that knowledge application in processes and routines enhances performance. For management, the absorptive capacity enables the improvements of internal capabilities reflected in the increased project management efficiency. Indeed, when a company manages project practices efficiently it enhances business and project performance; however, it needs initially to improve its internal abilities to enrich processes and routines through relevant knowledge.