983 resultados para Vossius, Isaac, 1618-1689.


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A conservation equation for topological charges of phase singularities (scroll and spiral waves) in excitable media is given. It provides some topological properties of scroll (spiral) waves: for example, the topological charge of the generated or annihilated spiral pair must be opposite. Additionally, we obtain another equation on scroll waves, which shows that singular filaments of scroll waves occur on a set of one-dimensional curves which may be either closed loops or infinite lines.

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在田间试验条件下,以传统耕作(CT)为对照,研究了免耕(NT)和少耕(RT)对黑龙江省八五三农场草甸白浆土土壤与碳、氮、磷、硫元素转化相关的九种水解酶(α—葡糖苷酶、β—葡糖苷酶、α—半乳糖苷酶、β半乳糖苷酶活性脲酶、蛋白酶、磷酸单酯酶、磷酸二酯酶和芳基硫酸醅酶)的影响,同时研究了保护性耕作对土壤脲酶、磷酸单酯酶、磷酸二酯酶、芳基硫酸酯酶及β—葡糖苷酶动力学特性的影响。结果表明,保护性耕作(RT,NT)降低土壤pH值,提高土壤养分(有效氮:42.0%,21.6%;总碳:26.6%,12.2%;总氮:16.6%,15.8%)含量,提高了土壤α—半乳糖苷酶、β—半乳糖苷酶和α—葡糖苷酶、蛋白酶活性活性,但脲酶活性却降低,参与土壤磷素及硫素转化的磷酸单酯酶、磷酸二酯酶和芳基硫酸酯酶活性差异不显著,传统耕作处理(CT)与免耕(NT)处理土壤中芳基硫酸酯酶活性著高于少耕(MT)处理。土壤水解酶动力学参数对耕作方式的反应与表观活性对耕作方式的反应不一致,草甸白浆土短期(三年)保护性耕作已经体现了一定程度的土壤改良效果。

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<正>经过20多年的建设与发展,国家可持续发展实验区依靠科技进步、机制创新,在协调社会经济发展与环境资源关系、促进经济发展、提高居民生活质量、探索新型工业化道路等诸多方面进行了积极的探索和实践,极大地推动了区域经济社会的协调发展,已成为实施国家可持续发展战略的

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评述了科尔沁沙地荒漠化及其生态恢复的研究 ,从科学研究动态和生态环境退化以及恢复研究的现实需要两方面论述了科尔沁沙地荒漠化与生态恢复研究的若干核心问题 :植被过程研究、生态水文过程研究、景观过程研究、科尔沁沙地区域环境评估和预测与生态恢复研究 .

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地统计学方法的应用已由最初的地质学领域广泛推广到土壤学、生态学等领域,但在地下水特征的时空模拟方面应用还较少,结合地理信息系统(GIS),运用地统计学方法分析了石羊河下游民勤绿洲近15年来地下水特征的时空变异规律及其与土地利用变化的关系,并对其变化趋势进行了预测.得到了如下结果:(1)地下水埋深的随机变异特征随着开采强度的不断增大,从1987年的26.32%降到了2001年的0.03%,完全被较大尺度上的结构性变异所取代;而矿化度一直是中尺度上的结构性变异高达99.9%.(2)Kriging插值结果表明,民勤绿洲地下水埋深的分布一直是水质较好的绿洲南部最深厚,从南到北随着水质变差,埋深也变浅.地下水矿化度在空间分布上从南到北逐渐增大;在变化趋势上,高矿化度等值线由北向南持续推进.(3)民勤绿洲近15年来耕地面积增加了3.1×10~4hm~2,使得分布于地下水埋深17m以上的耕地面积净增528.3 km~2,分布于地下水埋深11m以下的林地减少200km~2.同样,分布于地下水矿化度3.0g/L以上的耕地面积净增2×10~4hm~2,其中>4.5g/L的增加了1.072×10~4hm~2.(4)预测至2015年,地下水埋深下降趋势明显,分布于地下水埋深20m以上的绿洲面积将净增1689.88km~2,达整个绿洲面积的68%;至2015年地下水矿化度高于5.0g/L的绿洲面积将达578.15km~2,全部集中在水质较差的绿洲湖区最北部,部分区域甚至高达7.0g/L以上.

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分布式系统安全是多域协作场景下的重要研究领域,近年来得到大力发展.在大多数实际的多域协作过程中,无论开发者还是管理者都不想完全摈弃已有的权限管理和访问控制体系,希望在授权开放性和系统改造代价间保持平衡和兼顾.域间授权互操作正是在这一背景下逐渐成为该领域具有代表性的研究方法.着力对域间互操作理论和技术的整体进展与演化进行细致梳理与剖析,从多维视角下对其进行归类比较,例如:根据域间协作架构划分,可分为松耦合协作模式和联邦式协作模式;根据安全检测实施方式划分,可分为基于协调中心的检测模式和无协调中心模式;根据互操作建模方式划分,主要包括基于管理行为的预前建立模式和基于请求驱动的实时建立模式;根据建立互操作采用的辅助技术划分,主要涉及基于信任、基于风险和基于语义等;根据策略整合所处的层面划分,可分为面向授权管理的策略集成和面向资源聚合的策略集成.针对若干典型方案,阐述其基本原理、适用场景,对技术特点和局限性给出较为深入的对比分析,在大量现有研究工作的基础上综述授权互操作发展的基本特点,归结展望了今后可能的研究趋势.

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The < 110 >-oriented perovskite is very rare in the hybrid perovskites family. In this work, an unusual layered < 110 >-oriented hybrid perovskite, which is stabilized by a special organic ligand, 2-(aminoethyl)isothiourea, has been obtained. This ligand combines a primary amine and a formamidine on the two ends of one molecule. Introduction of the special ligand brings about contorted inorganic sheets in the hybrid perovskite structure. The optical properties of the new < 110 >-oriented perovskite were studied.

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用傅立叶变换拉曼光谱、衰减全反射红外光谱和近红外光谱结合OPUS/Ident软件对添加不同填料、不同助剂的塑料进行鉴别分类。结果表明:分子光谱结合化学计量学鉴别塑料是一种快速可靠的方法。其中拉曼光谱和衰减全反射红外光谱能够直接区分样品,而近红外光谱非常类似,不能直接区分。但是用OPUS/Ident软件中的W ard算法处理这3种光谱后,得到的树形图能够将样品准确分类。

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Procedures that allow the realization of resonance electron capture (REC) mode on a commercial triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer, after some simple modifications, are described, REC mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments were performed and spectra for some compounds were recorded. In particular, the charge-remote fragmentation (CRF) spectra of [M - H](-) ions of docosanoic and docosenoic acids under low-energy collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) conditions were obtained, and showed that there were no significant differences for [M - H](-) ions produced at different resonances (i,e. for [M - H](-) ions with different structures). This observation was explained on the basis of results obtained from deuterium-labeled fatty acids, which showed that different CRF ions (but with the same m/z value in the absence of labels) could be produced by different mechanisms, and all of them were obviously realized under CAD conditions that made spectra practically indistinguishable. The other example, which compared the REC-MS/MS spectrum of [M - H](-) ions and EI-MS/MS spectrum of M+. ions of daidzein, demonstrated the potential of the REC-MS/MS technique for more complex structure elucidation. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Four new halogenated nonterpenoid C-15-acetogenins, 4:7,6:13-bisepoxy-9,10-diol-1,12-dibromopentadeca-1,2-diene (1, laurendecumallene A), 4:7,6:12-bisepoxy-9,10-diol-1,13-dibromopentadeca-1,2-diene (2, laurendecumallene 13), (3Z)-6:10,7:13-bisepoxy-12-bromo-9-hydroperoxylpentadeca-3-en-1-yne (3, laurendecumenyne A), and (3Z)-6:10,9:13-bisepoxy-12-bromo-7-chloropentadeca-3-en-1-yne (4, laurendecumenyne 13), together with one known halogenated C-15-acetogenin elatenyne (5) were isolated and identified from the organic extract of the marine red alga Laurencia decumbens. Their structures and relative stereochemistry were established by means of spectroscopic analysis including UV, IR, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), and ID and 2D NMR techniques. All these metabolites were submitted for the cytotoxic assay against tumor cell line A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma), but all of them were found inactive (IC50 > 10 mu g/mL).