Titanium in Dentistry: Historical development, state of the art and future perspectives

Titanium is a metallic element known by several attractive characteristics, such as biocompatibility, excellent corrosion resistance and high mechanical resistance. It is widely used in Dentistry, with high success rates, providing a favorable biological response when in contact with live tissues. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe the different uses of titanium in Dentistry, reviewing its historical development and discoursing about its state of art and future perspective of its utilization. A search in the MEDLINE/PubMed database was performed using the terms 'titanium', 'dentistry' and 'implants'. The title and abstract of articles were read, and after this first screening 20 articles were selected and their full-texts were downloaded. Additional text books and manual search of reference lists within selected articles were included. Correlated literature showed that titanium is the most used metal in Implantology for manufacturing osseointegrated implants and their systems, with a totally consolidated utilization. Moreover, titanium can be also employed in prosthodontics to obtain frameworks. However, problems related to its machining, casting, welding and ceramic application for dental prosthesis are still limiting its use. In Endodontics, titanium has been used in association to nickel for manufacturing rotatory instruments, providing a higher resistance to deformation. However, although the different possibilities of using titanium in modern Dentistry, its use for prostheses frameworks still needs technological improvements in order to surpass its limitations. © 2012 Indian Prosthodontic Society.

Commercially pure titanium implants with surfaces modified by laser beam with and without chemical deposition of apatite. Biomechanical and topographical analysis in rabbits

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surfaces of commercially pure titanium (cp Ti) implants modified by laser beam (LS), without and with hydroxyapatite deposition by the biomimetic method (HAB), without (HAB) and with thermal treatment (HABT), and compare them with implants with surfaces modified by acid treatment (AS) and with machined surfaces (MS), employing topographical and biomechanics analysis. Methods: Forty-five rabbits received 75 implants. After 30, 60, and 90 days, the implants were removed by reverse torque and the surfaces were topographically analyzed. Results: At 30 days, statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed among all the surfaces and the MS, between HAB/HABT and AS and between HAB and LS. At 60 days, the reverse torque of LS, HAB, HABT, and AS differed significantly from MS. At 90 days, difference was observed between HAB and MS. The microtopographic analysis revealed statistical difference between the roughness of LS, HAB, and HABT when compared with AS and MS. Conclusions: It was concluded that the implants LS, HAB, and HABT presented physicochemical and topographical properties superior to those of AS and MS and favored the osseointegration process in the shorter periods. In addition, HAB showed the best results when compared with other surfaces. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Tribocorrosion behaviour of anodic treated titanium surfaces intended for dental implants

Tribocorrosion plays an important role in the lifetime of metallic implants. Once implanted, biomaterials are subjected to micro-movements in aggressive biological fluids. Titanium is widely used as an implant material because it spontaneously forms a compact and protective nanometric thick oxide layer, mainly TiO2, in ambient air. That layer provides good corrosion resistance, and very low toxicity, but its low wear resistance is a concern. In this work, an anodizing treatment was performed on commercial pure titanium to form a homogeneous thick oxide surface layer in order to provide bioactivity and improve the biological, chemical and mechanical properties. Anodizing was performed in an electrolyte containing β-glycerophosphate and calcium acetate. The influence of the calcium acetate content on the tribocorrosion behaviour of the anodized material was studied. The concentration of calcium acetate in the electrolyte was found to largely affect the crystallographic structure of the resulting oxide layer. Better tribocorrosion behaviour was noticed on increasing the calcium acetate concentration. © 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Escrita e diálogo: heterogeneidade no gênero prova discursiva de língua portuguesa do vestibular da UFG

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A literatura no ensino médio: uma experiência do CEPAE - UFG

Apresentação da proposta de trabalho com a literatura no ensino médio do Centro de Ensino e Pesquisa Aplicada à Educação da UFG, seguida de considerações sobre concepções e práticas de leitura do texto literário na escola. Palavras-chave: Leitura na escola; ensino de literatura; recepção.

Nanometer Scale Titanium Surface Texturing Are Detected by Signaling Pathways Involving Transient FAK and Src Activations

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Nondecalcified Histologic Study of Bone Response to Titanium Implants Topographically Modified by Laser With and Without Hydroxyapatite Coating

The purpose of this study was nondecalcified histologic analysis of titanium implants modified by laser with and without hydroxyapatite. Implants with three modified surfaces were inserted into rabbit tibias: group 1, machined surface; group 2, irradiated (laser); and group 3, irradiated and hydroxyapatite coated (biomimetic method). The mean surface roughness (Ra) scores of groups 2 and 3 were higher than that of group 1. Bone-implant contact measurements at 30 and 60 days for groups 2 and 3 were higher than for group 1. Bone area at 30 and 60 days for group 2 was higher than for groups 1 and 3. Titanium implants modified by laser with and without hydroxyapatite exhibit increased early osseointegration.

Effect of bleaching agents and soft drink on titanium surface topography

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A Quality Assessment of Titanium Castings Produced in an Experimental Short-Heating-Cycle Investment

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of casting produced in an experimental short-term heating-cycle investment. Thus, reaction layer and castability of titanium casting using an experimental spinel-based investment (VR) with short heating cycle were compared with the commercial short-heating-cycle spinel-based investment Trinell (TR), the silica-phosphate-based investment Rematitan Plus ( RP), and the conventional spinel-based investment Rematitan Ultra (RU). VR has polymeric fibers added to inorganic particles. Reaction layer assessments were carried out using Vickers hardness and elemental analysis using dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). Mesh patterns were used for castability test, and powder characterization was made by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hardness evaluation showed no difference among the investments between 100 and 200 mu m. The most important contaminant element for VR, TR, and RU was oxygen. Higher levels of mold filling were found for TR, VR, and RU compared with that obtained with RP. The quality of castings, characterized by means of the assessments of reaction layer and castability, made from the VR was similar to the commercial investments TR and RU but superior to the RP.

Adhesive bonding of resin composite to various titanium surfaces using diferente metal conditioners and a surface modification system

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Streptococcus Mutans Adhesion to Titanium After Brushing with Fluoride and Fluoride-Free Toothpaste Simulating 10 Years of Use

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Healing of normal and osteopenic bone with titanium implant and low-level laser therapy (GaAlAs): a histomorphometric study in rats

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Mechanical and chemical analyses across dental porcelain fused to CP titanium or Ti6Al4V

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Second Phase Precipitation in Ultrafine-grained Ferrite Steel

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)