Political Sophistication and Vote Intention Switching

This article investigates the link between political sophistication and electoral volatility. Showing that there is disagreement in the literature on whether switching party preferences is related to low or high levels of political sophistication, it is then argued that the effect of sophistication on vote switching might differ depending on when switching is measured. The effect of timing on volatility is investigated by means of the Short-term panel of the 2009 German Longitudinal Election Study. Results indicate that timing indeed matters, while sophistication increases the probability of switching parties before the campaign, the effect of political sophistication becomes more negative as Election Day draws near.

Mexican manufactured exports and U.S. transnational corporations /

"March 1990."

County electors act, 1888: with notes on the changes made in the law of parliamentary and municipal registration for the purpose of forming a register of persons qualified to vote at elections of county and district councillors.

Mode of access: Internet.

Cheap transportation and the Hennepin Canal : proceedings of the River and Canal Improvement Convention held at Davenport, Iowa, Wednesday and Thursday, May 25 and 26, 1881, under the auspices of the Mississippi and Illinois River and Canal Improvement Commission, with the addresses delivered on that occasion by distinguished advocates of cheap transportation. Printed in compliance with the vote of the convention.

Includes index.

Charter of the City of Detroit. Adopted by vote of the people of the City of Detroit, June 25, 1918. Filed with the Secretary of State and in effect June 27, 1918.

Mode of access: Internet.

Statement of vote at primary election held on ... in the State of California /

Description based on: Aug. 25, 1914; title from cover.

Procès-verbaux des séances, précédes d'un exposé sommaire des résolutions votées et suivis de rapports et autres pièces annexes.

At head of title: Commission permanente du Congrès international de statistique. Quatrième tenue à Paris en 1878.

Resolution of inquiry concerning the U.S. vote in the U.N. Security Council on Israeli settlements in the occupied territories [microform] : hearings before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-sixth Congress, second session, on H. Res. 598, March 12, 21, and 26, 1980.

Reuse of record except for individual research requires license from Congressional Information Service, Inc.

Official vote of the state of Illinois cast at the primary election held on ...

Mode of access: Internet.

State of Illinois official vote cast at the general election ...

Includes also the results of the judicial elections.

State of Illinois official vote cast at the primary election held on ... /

Description based on: June 11, 1968.

Vote, K-8 : speak out /

Cover title.

Proceedings of the Senate of Pennsylvania together with the record of the testimony, proceedings, and report of the committee, appointed by the senate to investigate the matter of the alleged attempt to corrupt the integrity and influence the vote of Jacob Krebs, a senator from Schuylkill County.

Mode of access: Internet.

Legislative record of California congressmen on measures of interest to labor as expressed by roll-call vote.

Cover title.

The great deception, bringing into the light the real meaning and mandate of the Harding vote as to peace,

Mode of access: Internet.