Aspectos epidemiológicos da paratuberculose bovina no Rio Grande do Sul

Descrevem-se os achados clínicos e patológicos da paratuberculose em uma criação intensiva de bovinos de leite no municí pio de Capela de Santana, RS. Os sinais clínicos foram observados em oito de um total de 345 bovinos, consistindo em diarréia crônica refratária aos tratamentos, emagrecimento progressivo e queda na produção de leite. As principais lesões macroscópicas, observadas nos oito animais necropsiados, incluíam intestino delgado com acentuado espessamento da parede e superfície mucosa de aspecto reticulado, semelhante às circunvoluções cerebrais, lesão essa perceptível, através da serosa. A luz intestinal estava preenchida com conteúdo fluido e de aspecto leitoso. Os vasos linfáticos do mesentério mostravam-se mais evidentes sendo que alguns tinham aspecto varicoso. Os linfonodos mesentéricos estavam aumentados de volume e, ao corte, fluía grande quantidade de líquido leitoso. Focos de mineralização foram observados na íntima das artérias, nas válvulas cardíacas e na serosa do rúmen. As principais lesões macroscópicas incluíam enterite, linfadenite e linfangite granulomatosa caracterizada por infiltrado inflamatório com macrófagos, células gigantes de Langhans que continham grande quantidade de bacilos álcool-ácido-resistentes. As lesões vasculares consistiam em degeneração e mineralização das túnicas í ntimas e média das artérias de grande calibre associada a proliferação de colágeno. Havia calcificação da serosa do rúmen atrofia hepatocelular difusa e hepatite granulomatosa multifocal. O M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) foi isolado em amostras de intestino e linfonodos de 8 vacas Holandesas (3,5%) com doença de Johne, dentre 229 amostras cultivadas provenientes de um rebanho leiteiro. Amostras inoculadas em HEYM com micobactina produziram colônias identificadas como Map, segundo as caracterí sticas fenotí picas próprias como: crescimento lento, coloração álcool-ácido-resistente (A.A.R.) e dependência a micobactina. O laboratório de Referência da OIE confirmou a amostra isolada. O M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) foi isolado em amostras de intestino e linfonodos de 8 vacas Holandesas (3,5%) com doença de Johne, dentre 229 amostras cultivadas provenientes de um rebanho leiteiro Amostras inoculadas em HEYM com micobactina produziram colônias identificadas como Map, segundo as caracterí sticas fenotí picas próprias como: crescimento lento, coloração álcool-ácido-resistente (A.A.R.) e dependência a micobactina. O laboratório de Referência da OIE confirmou a amostra isolada. Não houve isolamento do agente em 221 amostras intestinais quando processadas, após 2 anos de sua colheita. O teste de IDGA aplicado como “screening”, detectou 26 vacas (11,4%) positivas, dentre 228 animais testados e sacrificados em matadouro. O teste de ELISA adsorvido, utilizando o antí geno PPA-3 detectou 125 (39,8%) amostras positivas. O ELISA não adsorvido detectou mais 32 (10,1%) reagentes positivos, dentre os 314 bovinos testados. A prevalência da infecção causada pelo Map em 36 rebanhos leiteiros procedentes de 25 municí pios do Rio Grande do Sul foi estimada em 44,6% das 1316 amostras testadas. A infecção foi identificada em 35 (97,2%) dos 36 rebanhos testados e presentes em todos os municí pios incluí dos. A ocorrência da doença de Johne foi enfatizada, tanto a forma clí nica quanto a infecção subclí nica no Rio Grande do Sul, sugerindo a adoção de medidas de controle sejam aplicadas na proteção dos rebanhos leiteiros nacionais.

Clusters como estratégia de desenvolvimento de pequenas e médias empresas: um estudo exploratório do caso moveleiro do município de Colatina - Es

Esse trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar que a formação de clusters de pequenas e médias empresas na área de móveis pode representar uma futura alternativa econômica para Colatina. o foco principal desse estudo visa, analisar o aglomerado de empresas moveleiras do município de Colatina, localizado no centro-oeste do Espírito Santo. Pretende-se identificar como estas empresas estão organizadas, quais barreiras são enfrentadas por elas ao buscar formas de garantir competitividade, e quais atividades poderiam ser alvos de estímulos por parte das instituições de fomento com vistas a transformar este pólo moveleiro em um cluster dinâmico e iniciar um processo de desenvolvimento local. Observamos que Colatina, constitui um caso interessante de estudo por se tratar de um aglomerado de PMEs que, mesmo tendo que enfrentar alguns obstáculos, está conseguindo dinamizar o sistema produtivo local e atrair investimentos.

A era negra do Vale: café, escravos e senhores em Piraí

O presente trabalho analisa cinco inventários dos maiores produtores de café no município de Piraí, no Vale do Paraíba, entre os anos de 1839 e 1848, totalizando quase dois mil escravos. A partir de uma perspectiva de historia econômica pretende-se mostrar que a produção cafeeira permitia o acúmulo de capital e seu reinvestimento na expansão da monocultura. O estudo dos cativeiros também busca evidenciar que os cativos, africanos em sua maioria, eram agentes na formação de suas famílias, mantendo um espaço de sociabilidade baseado na memória e na construção de uma nova identidade afro-brasileira.

Da cozinha ao terreiro em Mutamba da Caieira (RN) : cotidiano, espaço doméstico e sociabilidade

In this work we thought about the social use of the domestic space and, specifically, the space destined to the preparation of food. The kitchen is a creative space of social relationships. There the families exchange daily interaction with the neighbors, in a collective of the space reserved to the making of food. Our empiric research was in the Mutamba da Caieira community, located in the county of Assu (RN). The data was collected through the etnographic method aided by the photographic resources. In the discussion, we delimitated at the house three types of kitchens: one reserved to the family, another kitchen in the terrace and yet another kitchen in the yard. They are kitchens that link amongst themselves with activities and differentiated temporalities. In the daily social exchange, the kitchen imposes itself as a social space through the conditions that it offers for the production of the foods, the circulation of domestic objects, the communication of knowledge around the cookery, operating a group of symbolic and ritual actions combined with appropriate techniques for the transformation of the foods. The study reveals that the domestic chores accomplished amon relatives and friends form webs of intracommunitary relationships in the use of the three kitchens, and that the social network is updated in a singular moment that usually happens in the community, the Game of Pacará

Efeito da moagem de alta energia na microestrutura e nas propriedades magnéticas do compósito wc-10%p.Co

This work a studied the high energy milling effect in microstructure and magnetic properties of the WC-10wt.%Co composite. The composite powders were prepared by mechanical mixed and milled at 2 hours, 100 hours, 200 hours and 300 hours in planetary milling. After this process the composite were compacted in stainless steel die with cylindrical county of 10 mm of diameter, at pressure 200 Mpa and sintered in a resistive furnace in argon atmosphere at 1400 oC for 5 min. The sintered composite were cutted, inlaid, sandpapered, and polished. The microestrutural parameters of the composite was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy, optical microscopy, hardness, magnetic propriety and Rietveld method analyze. The results shows, with milling time increase the particle size decrease, it possibility minor temperature of sintering. The increase of milling time caused allotropic transformation in cobalt phase and cold welding between particles. The cold welding caused the formation of the particle composite. The X-ray diffraction pattern of composite powders shows the WC peaks intensity decrease with the milling time increase. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the composite sintered samples shows the other phases. The magnetic measurements detected a significant increase in the coercitive field and a decrease in the saturation magnetization with milling time increase. The increase coercitive field it was also verified with decrease grain size with milling time increase. For the composite powders the increase coercitive field it was verified with particle size reduction and saturation magnetization variation is relate with the variation of free cobalt. The Rietveld method analyze shows at milling time increase the mean crystalline size of WC, and Co-cfc phases in composite sintered sample are higher than in composite powders. The mean crystallite size of Co-hc phase in composite powders is higher than in composite sintered sample. The mean lattice strains of WC, Co-hc and Co-cfc phases in composite powders are higher than in composite sintered samples. The cells parameters of the composite powder decrease at milling time increase this effect came from the particle size reduction at milling time increase. In sintered composite the cells parameters is constant with milling time increase

O impacto do pagamento da participação sobre a produção de petróleo e gás natural sobre a renda familiar e a propriedade no Município de Governador Dix-Sept Rosado no período de 1998 a 2004

This scientific study deals about the oil and natural gas production participation payment impact in the county of Governador Dix-sept Rosado, Rio Grande do Norte, between 1998 to 2004, applied to family income and property. To do so, this analysis focus on the ricardian´s theory exposition which merges from the concept of the mineral income, in concern to the legal establishment of royalties. This paper also shows the world evolution oil exploration, inserting Brazil in this scene as a oil and natural gas producter. It identifies the productive site of oil and natural gas in Rio Grande do Norte as the Potiguar Oil Area, characterizing its components in the demographic, physical and social aspects, to reflect in the focus point of observation which is the Governador Dix-sept Rosado county. The participation payment on oil and natural gas is demonstrated in a qualitative analysis both in Brazil as in Rio Grande do Norte. The payments given to the land owners in this federative unity are shown in the period of analysis of this essay. The study tells, based in a field research, the benefaction impact of the payment to the land owners over the income and property. The family income were highly impacted, causing economic social classes change to some land owners. The property had less or none impact. It was found negative externalities as the income utilization to other county uses, not causing a multiplier effect in the studied county. The fact of the not utilization of the properties on productive investments in order to supply the finite characteristic of oil and this source of royalties, contradicts one of the reasons of its establishment which is the payment for its productive exhaustion of a land resource

A literatura na sala de aula: uma alternativa de ensino transdisciplinar

The present thesis studies the appropriate education of the literary gender based in an approach of trans-disciplinary teaching. The main objectives will be to survey the degree of trans-disciplinarity of the literary reading in classrooms and to propose the literary reading as an alternative of trans-disciplinary teaching. The theoretical contributions, which sustain the lines of central argument of this thesis, are related to the critical theories on the epistemological and methodological crisis in the speech of the modernity; the emergency of an emerging paradigm under the optics of the speech of the post-modernity; the theories concerned to curriculums and their interrelations with the school teaching; the theories of the complexity and of the inter and trans-disciplinarity; theories of the reading and of the literature, more precisely the literary semiology and the aesthetics of the acceptance; theories about the pedagogic mediation starting from presupposed and trans-disciplinary principles. The methodological foundations, of the type inter and trans-disciplinary, which anchor the approach of the study is related to a line of qualitative analyses applied the teaching-learning situation accomplished during the data collection during the empiric stage of the research. The analyzed corpus is composed of episodes originated from the classes with literary texts accomplished in the months of June and December of 2005, under the orientation of a complex and trans-disciplinary didacticism. The involved subjects are students in the age group of 9 and 13 years of age from a public school in the county of Cabo de Santo Agostinho, in the State of Pernambuco. Starting from the discoveries found during the research, so much bibliographical, as that of the field, it is possible to conclude, among other things, that the literary reading, when mediated accordingly in the classroom, is a trans-disciplinary object of high degree, because the literary reading can allow and make it possible to the real reader, through a necessary process of speculation on life and its unfolding, solid reflection around the individual and collective occurrences so much in simpler instances as in more complex ones

A educação da mulher norte-riograndense segundo Júlia Medeiros (1920-1930)

This present work has the aim of reconstruct the biographical profile and the practices of the professor and journalist Julia Medeiros in the county of Caico, State of Rio Grande do Norte, in the 1920 s and 1930 s, justified by the visibility of this professor during the construction of the lettered society from the mentioned State and the participation in potiguar press. How were the women and educator s representations in the 1920 s and 1930 s ? With the aim to get answers, I use as sources, the Public Archive of Rio Grande do Norte and the Geographical and Historical Institute of Rio Grande do Norte, the newspaper of that time, as the available issues of Jornal das Moças (1923-1932), magazines, letters, pictures, and interviews with relatives, ex-students and friends of this intellectual woman. It was noticed that she stood out as a professor at School Group of Senador Guerra and as a journalist, sending opinions about everyday life. With this analysis, it configures, in part, her time and the history of education in Rio Grande do Norte, with the participation of teachers. Despite of her importance during the construction of education and citizenship of women, Julia Medeiros lived the two sides of the same coin: visibilty and anonymity

Primeiro registro de Guyalna cuta em pinhão-manso no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul

Trata-se do primeiro registro de ocorrência de Guyalna cuta (Walker) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) em pinhão-manso, Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Adultos desse inseto foram observados na parte aérea da planta, durante novembro e dezembro de 2008 e de 2009. em Mato Grosso do Sul, existem plantios comerciais e experimentais do pinhão-manso, tornando-se necessários estudos relacionados a este inseto, a fim de prevenir eventuais danos à cultura.

A transversalidade no currículo do ensino fundamental: as questões ambientais em foco

This thesis is the result of an investigation about the transversality of the environmental issues into the daily curriculum of High Schools (from first to eighth grade). The research field was the county of Santo Antonio de Jesus in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The investigation is related with the challenge that the present model of social development and organization has put to the school institution: to bring the regular discussion about Environmental Education (EE) to the school s daily life. Facing the complexity of the socio-environmental issues and the basic functions of Education, the object of study was restricted to the identification of the challenges and paradoxes of the EE inside the curriculum organization of Politic-Pedagogic Project of the schools and the teachers daily practices. About the methodology, we adopted different references for the qualitative research: sociology, history, economy, and education. As for the investigative procedures about the teacher s practices, we related the school s daily practices to the context of the community. We also adopted several investigative procedures, such as questionnaires, interviews, observations and formative intervention. The theoretical basis was organized based on references to curriculum organization, environmental culture, teacher education and also considering the pillars of a capitalistic system that is based on consumerism and that generates social exclusion. At the initial considerations, we contextualized the contemporary environmental issues in an attempt to interpret the conditions of the EE transversality into the school s daily practices, which are still oriented to the traditional Cartesian Education. Based on the collected data, we found the reasons for the teachers dilemma and reluctances to the insertion of the environmental issues into the organization of the work plan and into the management of a school. Nevertheless, the results also signed promising possibilities to the EE tranversality, in case the curriculum of the school could be more sensible towards the cultural and social-economical issues of a community. We especially questioned The National Curriculum Parameter s (PCN), which is considered highly insufficient to inform the teachers about the environmental issues, facing the actual local conditions of social and pedagogic work. The final considerations showed the role and the importance of this research as one strategy to organize the curriculum education into the perspective of the transversality of environmental issues inside the education of both teacher and student

Políticas públicas de atendimento à criança: desafio da ação articulada no Projeto Belém Criança (2001-2004)

Public politics of Service to the Child: The Challenge of the Action Articulated in the Project Belém Criança (2001-2004) if it constitutes in a study on the politics directed toward the children of 0 the 6 years. It has as objective to analyze the configuration of the politics of integral attention to the child, evidencing the form as the same ones they had been redimensioned by the neoliberal ideas and by the lines of direction of the international organisms. The work has like empiric reference the project Belém Criança, developed by county of Belém from a partnership with the Deep of United Nations for Infancy (UNICEF), in the period of 2001 and 2004. The project intends to develop an articulated action among the several county departments which offer assistance to the children looking for to rationalize the resources and to optimize the services. Amongst the methodological procedures that materialized the research distinguished: The bibliographical review and documental allowed to analyze the contextualization of the public politics and, between them, the social politics of attendance to the child; the historical revolution this attendance; the paper of the UNICEF how articulator of the politics in municipal scope; and the paper of county how executer these politics. Still it was utilized, the half-structuralized interview, Having like subjects: the representative of the UNICEF in Belém, the municipal co-managers and actors of community in which the project was implemented. The result of the analyzes review that, historically, the politics destined to the child they had been being dimensioned having like support the fight of social movements vindictive for publics politic which guarantee the fundamentals rights these citizen. Although legal dimension of current politics of attendance to the child, to assume a vision of completeness and the guarantee of the rights, it still has a great exaggeration between the speech and the practical one. Actually, the same one are elaborate inside the neoliberal optics, with ruled actions by the beginning in combat to the poverty, implanted with low costs and with practice which to lead to the excessive fragmentation, generating inadequate actions and punctual programs which don t guarantee the social quality of the attendance. This perspective was evidenced to the most of the actors which the Project Belém Criança don t constitute itself a real public politic toward the child of 0 the 6 years, although present innovating aspects, how the mobilization and participation. It was demonstrated yet, in the participant s depositions of the research, that the bureau had numberless of difficulty to develop the action preview in the project, it has seen the great complexity of articulation between the several organism responsible by politics of attendance

Reação de cultivares de soja a uma população atípica de meloidogyne javanica

In the period of 2001/2002 a population of Meloidogyne javanica was found infecting a soybean cultivar 'CD 208" considered resistant in a field located in the County of Nuporanga, state of São Paulo (SP), Brazil. Due to this fact, it was evaluated the resistance of some of the main cultivars used in areas of the Cooperativa dos Agricultores, in Orlandia (CAROL), SP. The study was carried out in greenhouse conditions of the Departamento de Fitossanidade (Plant Protection) da UNESP/FCAV, Campus of Jaboticabal, SP, in clay pots of 5 liters. Five individual plants of the cultivars BRS 133, BRS 183, BRSMG 68, BRSMG Garantia, CD 201, MG/BR-46 Conquista, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) 48, IAC 22, M-SOY 7901, M-SOY 8001 and M-SOY 8400 were inoculated with 3,000 eggs and second estage juveniles of the nematode, seven days after seed germination and the evaluation was carried out 57 days after inoculation. Galls, egg masses and the reproduction factor were determined. The results pointed out that the cultivar BRSMG Garantia was tolerant to the nematode population and all others were susceptibles.

Teores nutricionais em folhas e frutos de figueira, submetida a épocas de poda e irrigação

The present study aimed to evaluating the nutritional content in leaves and fruits of the fig tree 'Roxo de Valinhos', pruned at different periods corresponding to the months of July, August, September and October in the years of 2004 and 2005, with and without the use of irrigation, in the county of Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. To achieve this objective, the adopted experimental design was in blocks with subdivided plots and 5 replications, in which plots corresponded to treatments with and without irrigation and subplots included prunings done in the above-mentioned four months. The levels of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Mn and Zn in leaves and fruits were evaluated in the two crop cycles. The results indicated no significant differences among macro and micronutrient levels in the leaves subjected to treatments with and without irrigation in the cycle 2004/05, except for cupper which showed higher level with the treatment including irrigation (6 mg kg(-1)). In the fruits, there was no difference, except for Zn, which also showed the highest levels (28 mg kg(-1)) with irrigation. In the crop cycle 2005/06, there were differences for N (40 g kg(-1)) and K (20 g kg(-1)) in the leaves, where the highest levels were observed with the treatment including irrigation. In the fruits, N had significant difference and its highest level was observed without irrigation (21 g kg(-1)). In relation to the pruning periods, significant differences were observed for Ca, Fe and Zn content in the leaves and Ca, K, Mg, S and Zn content in the fruits in the crop cycle 2004/05. In the cycle 2005/06, there were not differences among the levels of the evaluated nutrients in the leaves, and in the fruits there was difference for N, Ca and Cu.

Rendimento de grãos de aveia branca (Avena sativa l.) em densidades de plantas e doses de nitrogênio

O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Unesp Botucatu - SP, em um Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico, em plantio direto sobre resteva de milho. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. As densidades de plantas (60, 120, 180, 240 e 300 plantas m²) constituíram as parcelas e as doses de N em cobertura (0, 20, 40, 60 e 80kg ha-1) constituíram as sub-parcelas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o rendimento de grãos de aveia branca cultivada em diferentes densidades de plantas e doses de N. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância (teste F), e as médias submetidas à regressão polinomial. Verificou-se interação significativa para as variáveis avaliadas. O rendimento de grãos foi influenciado positivamente pelas densidades e doses de N. O número final de panículas foi influenciado pelas médias de densidades de plantas e doses de N e o número de grãos por panícula foi influenciado negativamente pelas densidades e positivamente pelas doses de N. A massa de mil grãos foi maior nas maiores densidades de plantas e nas doses intermediárias de N. Com redução na densidade inicial de plantas, o rendimento de grãos esperado foi alcançado com aumento na dose de N em cobertura. Com densidade normal de plantas e doses recomendadas de N em cobertura, o rendimento de grãos obtido foi maior que o esperado.

Estado nutricional em nitrogênio da grama esmeralda avaliado por meio do teor foliar, clorofilômetro e imagem digital, em área adubada com lodo de esgoto

A intensidade da cor verde da folha pode ser alternativa para estimar a concentração de N na planta, devido à relação entre o teor de clorofila e o de N no tecido foliar. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar índices da cor verde da grama esmeralda obtidos da análise da imagem digital e pelo uso do clorofilômetro para predizer o estado nutricional em N fornecido pelo lodo de esgoto. O experimento foi instalado e desenvolvido em uma propriedade comercial de grama esmeralda, localizada na cidade de Itapetininga (SP). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e cinco doses de lodo de esgoto: 0, 10, 20, 30 e 40 Mg ha-1, base seca. As doses de lodo aplicadas correspondem a 100, 200, 300 e 400 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio disponível. Foram avaliadas as concentrações de N e a intensidade de coloração verde da folha pelo uso do clorofilômetro (ICV) e por meio da análise da imagem digital (G, H e ICVE) aos 45, 105 e 165 dias após a aplicação do lodo. Os valores de intensidade obtidos foram correlacionados com a concentração de N na lâmina foliar e com a taxa de cobertura do solo determinada nas mesmas épocas. A aplicação de doses de lodo de esgoto proporcionou aumento dos índices de cor verde e da concentração de N nas folhas da grama esmeralda. A concentração de N na lâmina foliar pode auxiliar a adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, pois proporcionou altas correlações com a taxa de cobertura do solo. O matiz (H) obtido com a imagem digital e a intensidade de cor verde da folha (ICV) obtida com o clorofilômetro correlacionaram-se com a concentração de N e com a taxa de cobertura do solo e, dessa forma, podem servir como índices na recomendação da adubação nitrogenada.