Utilização de parâmetros microbiológicos para avaliação do impacto da contaminação por petróleo e derivados em sedimentos marinhos. -

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

An assessment of the economic impact of climate change on the Agriculture, Health and Tourism sectors in Jamaica

This report analyses the agriculture, health and tourism sectors in Jamaica to assess the potential economic impacts of climate change on the sectors. The fundamental aim of this report is to assist with the development of strategies to deal with the potential impact of climate change on Jamaica. It also has the potential to provide essential input for identifying and preparing policies and strategies to help move the Region closer to solving problems associated with climate change and attaining individual and regional sustainable development goals. Some of the key anticipated manifestations of climate change for the Caribbean include elevated air and sea-surface temperatures, sea-level rise, possible changes in extreme events and a reduction in freshwater resources. The economic impact of climate change on the three sectors was estimated for the A2 and B2 IPCC scenarios until 2050. An evaluation of various adaptation strategies was also undertaken for each sector using standard evaluation techniques. The outcomes from investigating the agriculture sector indicate that for the sugar-cane subsector the harvests under both the A2 and B2 scenarios decrease at first and then increase as the mid-century mark is approached. With respect to the yam subsector the results indicate that the yield of yam will increase from 17.4 to 23.1 tonnes per hectare (33%) under the A2 scenario, and 18.4 to 23.9 (30%) tonnes per hectare under the B2 scenario over the period 2011 to 2050. Similar to the forecasts for yam, the results for escallion suggest that yields will continue to increase to mid-century. Adaptation in the sugar cane sub-sector could involve replanting and irrigation that appear to generate net benefits at the three selected discount rates for the A2 scenario, but only at a discount rate of 1% for the B2 scenario. For yam and escallion, investment in irrigation will earn significant net benefits for both the A2 and B2 scenarios at the three selected rates of discount. It is recommended that if adaptation strategies are part of a package of strategies for improving efficiency and hence enhancing competitiveness, then the yields of each crop can be raised sufficiently to warrant investment in adaptation to climate change. The analysis of the health sector demonstrates the potential for climate change to add a substantial burden to the future health systems in Jamaica, something that that will only compound the country’s vulnerability to other anticipated impacts of climate change. The results clearly show that the incidence of dengue fever will increase if climate change continues unabated, with more cases projected for the A2 scenario than the B2. The models predicted a decrease in the incidence of gastroenteritis and leptospirosis with climate change, indicating that Jamaica will benefit from climate change with a reduction in the number of cases of gastroenteritis and leptospirosis. Due to the long time horizon anticipated for climate change, Jamaica should start implementing adaptation strategies focused on the health sector by promoting an enabling environment, strengthening communities, strengthening the monitoring, surveillance and response systems and integrating adaptation into development plans and actions. Small-island developing states like Jamaica must be proactive in implementing adaptation strategies, which will reduce the risk of climate change. On the global stage the country must continue to agitate for the implementation of the mitigation strategies for developed countries as outlined in the Kyoto protocol. The results regarding the tourism sector suggest that the sector is likely to incur losses due to climate change, the most significant of which is under the A2 scenario. Climatic features, such as temperature and precipitation, will affect the demand for tourism in Jamaica. By 2050 the industry is expected to lose US$ 132.2 million and 106.1 million under the A2 and B2 scenarios, respectively. In addition to changes in the climatic suitability for tourism, climate change is also likely to have important supply-side effects from extreme events and acidification of the ocean. The expected loss from extreme events is projected to be approximately US$ 5.48 billion (A2) and US$ 4.71 billion (B2). Even more devastating is the effect of ocean acidification on the tourism sector. The analysis shows that US$ 7.95 billion (A2) and US$ 7.04 billion is expected to be lost by mid-century. The benefit-cost analysis indicates that most of the adaptation strategies are expected to produce negative net benefits, and it is highly likely that the cost burden would have to be carried by the state. The options that generated positive ratios were: redesigning and retrofitting all relevant tourism facilities, restoring corals and educating the public and developing rescue and evacuation plans. Given the relative importance of tourism to the macroeconomy one possible option is to seek assistance from multilateral funding agencies. It is recommended that the government first undertake a detailed analysis of the vulnerability of each sector and, in particular tourism, to climate change. Further, more realistic socio-economic scenarios should be developed so as to inform future benefit-cost analysis.

An assessment of the economic impact of climate change on the health sector In Guyana

Climate change is considered to be the most pervasive and truly global of all issues affecting humanity. It poses a serious threat to the environment, as well as to economies and societies. Whilst it is clear that the impacts of climate change are varied, scientists have agreed that its effects will not be evenly distributed and that developing countries and small island developing States (SIDS) will be the first and hardest hit. Small island developing States, many of whom have fewer resources to adapt socially, technologically and financially to climate change, are considered to be the most vulnerable to the potential impacts of climate change. An economic analysis of climate change can provide essential input for identifying and preparing policies and strategies to help move the Caribbean closer to solving the problems associated with climate change, and to attaining individual and regional sustainable development goals. Climate change is expected to affect the health of populations. In fact, the World Health Organization (WHO), in Protecting Health from Climate Change (2008), states that the continuation of current patterns of fossil fuel use, development and population growth will lead to ongoing climate change, with serious effects on the environment and, consequently, on human lives and health. Assessing the economics of potential health impacts of climate variability and change requires an understanding of both the vulnerability of a population and its capacity to respond to new conditions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines vulnerability as the degree to which individuals and systems are susceptible to, or unable to cope with, the adverse effects of climate change, including climate variability and extremes (WHO and others, 2003). The United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), in collaboration with the Caribbean Community Centre for Climate Change (CCCCC), is pursuing a regional project to ―Review the Economics of Climate Change in the Caribbean‖ (RECCC). The purpose of the project is to assess the likely economic impacts of climate change on key sectors of Caribbean economies, through applying robust simulation modelling analyses under various socio-economic scenarios and carbon emission trajectories for the next 40 years. The findings are expected to stimulate local and national governments, regional institutions, the private sector and civil society to craft and implement policies, cost-effective options and efficient choices to mitigate and adapt to climate change.

Caracterização socio-econômica e tecnológica dos heveicultores vinculados à APROBON no noroeste paulista

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

A vida dirige o rio: cem anos de ocupação cabocla e extrativismo madeireiro no Alto Capim

Com o avanço do desmatamento na Amazônia brasileira, a comunidade científica internacional tem feito grande esforço na busca por formas de aproveitamento da floresta que reconciliem desenvolvimento e conservação. Desde o final da década de 1980, os pesquisadores têm explorado o papel que o extrativismo dos Produtos Florestais Não Madeireiros (PFNM) pode possuir para a economia, o bem-estar e o meio ambiente dos moradores de área de floresta. Esta dissertação explora o papel dos PFNM na vida de comunidades rurais em áreas de fronteiras da atividade madeireira ao longo do Rio Capim, no Estado do Pará. Com o avanço da indústria madeireira sobre novas fronteiras da bacia amazônica, muitas comunidades estão tendo a oportunidade de vender os direitos de exploração de sua madeira. As comunidades consideram vários aspectos para avaliar o valor dos produtos florestais. Além do valor sócio-econômico e ecológico (valor real), há um valor relativo que influencia fortemente a forma como os recursos são explorados. Este valor relativo é baseado em representações que consideram a importância dos produtos florestais e no contexto em que essas representações são construídas. Para explorar essa temática, este trabalho parte do histórico de uma comunidade cabocla enfocando na forma como ela se apropriou e explorou seus recursos florestais. Para as famílias da comunidade, a madeira sempre representou uma herança com valor de troca e uso não conflituoso. A madeira foi o produto que pôde ser gasto ao longo do tempo, pois possuía valor de mercado e suas primeiras explorações não reduziram o acesso a outros produtos florestais. Representada dessa forma, a madeira apareceu como uma possibilidade estratégica para a melhoria das condições de vida das famílias. Foram identificados quatro fatores sócio-econômicos que influenciaram a comunidade a vender a madeira: 1) relações paternalistas entre os compradores da madeira e os caboclos; 2) dificuldades de gestão comum dos recursos; 3) especialização na extração de madeira e dependência de produtos externos e; 4) crescente interesse em ter acesso a produtos provenientes do mercado. Tais fatores influenciaram a comunidade a manter a venda da madeira, mesmo depois de se tornarem evidentes as perdas no consumo de PFNM. Compreender a influência do valor atribuído pelas comunidades aos produtos florestais é fundamental para identificar a verdadeira alternativa que os PFNM podem representar diante das demais opções de uso da terra.

Dinâmica das relações socio-econômicas e ecológicas no extrativismo do açaí: o caso do médio Rio Pracuuba, São Sebastião de Boa Vista, Marajó (PA)

Analisa as transformações no extrativismo do açaí na várzea do médio rio Pracuúba (Marajó, PA), estimuladas pela intensificação da demanda deste fruto pelos mercados locais e extra-locais. Examina, de um lado, as relações socioeconômicas estabelecidas na extração e na comercialização deste fruto, mostrando a coexistência de princípios de mercado ao lado de relações peculiares ao antigo sistema de aviamento, e de outro, as interações da população com os açaizais, através dos diversos sistemas de manejo, adotados por contas da valorização de tais recursos. Assim, mostra-se que a economia do açaí, no plano socioeconômico, é caracterizada por "mudanças" e "continuidades" e na esfera das interações homem/natureza, apresenta-se cada vez mais fortalecida pela intensificação das atividades de manejo.

Avaliação quantitativa da insuficiência da veia safena magna nos pacientes portadores de varizes primárias de membros inferiores pelo mapeamento dúplex e fotopletismografia

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Bioecologia e produção comercial do caranguejo-uçá (Ucides cordatus Linnaeus, 1763) em Quatipurú - Pará

Os manguezais possuem uma enorme importância sócio-econômica para as populações tradicionais que a habitam, nesses ambientes é comum encontramos o caranguejo-uçá (Ucides cordatus), representando para muitas comunidades a principal fonte de subsistência. O município de Quatipuru, localizado no nordeste paraense é um bom exemplo de demonstração da importância deste recurso para a sua comunidade, nos últimos anos o município vem apresentado os maiores valores de produção comercial do caranguejo-uçá no estado do Pará (CEPNOR/IBAMA, 2006), entretanto, trabalhos específicos como a bioecologia da espécie no município, são inexistentes. Neste sentido, este trabalho traz informações a respeito da biologia e ecologia da espécie, bem como, informações sobre a produção comercial no município. Na realização dos trabalhos bioecologicos, foram feitos monitoramentos de 02 (duas) áreas dos manguezais da região, no período de Setembro de 2006 a Julho de 2007, a fim de se obter dados sobre a densidade, proporção sexual, biometria e parâmetros ambientais. No estudo da produção comercial, foi estimada a produção anual do município, os métodos de captura e a biometria (largura da carapaça e peso total) dos caranguejos comercializados. Com relação aos animais provenientes das coletas de campo, os estudos demostraram não haver diferenças significativas entre as duas áreas, tanto pra densidade que foi de 1,36 tocas/m² na área 01 e 1,21 tocas/m² na área 02, com também para a proporção sexual que foi de 2,39M: 1F na área 01 e 1,43M: 1F, entretanto, foi encontrado no decorrer do ano, um número maior de fêmeas no mês de maio 2007 na região 02. Com relação às análises biométricas, a largura média da carapaça (LC) encontrada foi de 6.13 cm para os machos e 5,46 cm para as fêmeas na área 01 e 6,31 cm para os machos e 5,33 cm para fêmeas na área 02, com relação ao peso, a média registrada foi de 96,73g para os machos e 67,93g para as fêmeas na área 01 e 106,47g para os machos e 64,85 g para as fêmeas na área 02, sendo observada uma forte correlação entre essas variáveis tanto para os machos quanto para as fêmeas, nas duas áreas, verificando a influência de fatores biológicos ocorrentes no ano, com a ecdise, sobre essas variáveis. Com relação aos animais comercializados, foi verificado que todos os indivíduos foram machos possuindo uma média para a largura da carapaça (LC) de 7,26 cm a LC mínima e máxima encontradas foi de 5,2 cm em Março de 2007 e 8,5 cm encontrados nos meses de setembro de 2006 e janeiro de 2007. Com relação ao peso a média encontrada foi de 161,0g, sendo o valor máximo registrado de 300,0g no mês de setembro de 2006 e o valor mínimo de 80,0g ocorrido no mês de julho de 2007. A produção anual estimada para o município foi de 1.189,73 ton/ano, portanto, uma produção menor que as registradas nos últimos anos pelo CEPNOR/IBAMA, mas dentro da média histórica do município. As áreas estudadas demonstraram que apesar de já serem bastante exploradas possui uma densidade populacional semelhante à de outras regiões do Brasil, assim como a proporção sexual encontrada e os valores biométricos registrados. Com relação à produção comercial apesar de ter sido registrado uma produção anual menor que os últimos anos, Quatipuru continua sendo um dos maiores produtores comerciais deste recurso no Brasil, fator este possivelmente relacionado com a não comercialização de fêmeas, ao método de captura (braceamento) e o respeito ao tamanho do caranguejo comercializado.

O turismo e a paisagem natural e cultural do Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar - Núcleo Santa Virgínia

Tourism represents a socio-economic activity to generate local and regional development and at the same time contribute to the valuation and conservation of natural and cultural landscape. From this premise, we believe that the study area - PESM – Núcleo Santa Virginia and surroundings - has a great tourism potential, which can be further explored through public policies that value and at the same time assist the conservation of the natural and cultural landscape of the region. Therefore, this project, which arises from a research project conducted by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) in partnership with the Forestry Institute (IF), analyzes the possibilities and limitations of the attractions and tourist activities in areas of intensive, extensive use and around this area. Through literature research and application of semi-structured questionnaires to the main agents of local tourism important information for the characterization of tourism activities in the study area were obtained, as well as to identify gaps in planning instruments and management about PESM - Núcleo Santa Virginia. Through this diagnosis, we intend to provide support for the development of tourism in Núcleo Santa Virginia and its surrounding area, seeking to conserve natural and cultural heritage and improving the quality of life of local people

Processamento e qualidade higiênico-sanitária do pescado: se tiver subtitulo

The fishery products are sources of protein of high biological value and an important component in a balanced diet. However, they are highly subject to deterioration, which represents a serious risk to public health. Thus, rigorous methods are needed for quality assurance of fish in all stages of the production chain. Traditionally, the Brazilian population does not have the habit of eating fish, although the country presents a great potential for aquaculture, which is underexploited. The consumption of fish is limited by socio-economic factors. Currently, the search for food security is a global trend. Thus, it is necessary to change the profile of the consumer, by offering a competitive and safe food. In this paper, we address issues related to quality, hygiene and health of fish

Diagnóstico ambiental do município de Ipeúna: subsídios para o planejamento do turismo

This study sought to address the tourism system in its various strands, compared to socioeconomic and environmental issues. Contextualizing the theme of sustainable tourism, or ecotourism, the reality of the city of Ipeúna, there is the incipient state of efforts in this activity because, predominantly, its territory is occupied by the monoculture of cane sugar and pastures, which damages the maintenance of vegetation fragments, as well as degrading areas that often could take a value tour. Through environmental planning, was intended to raise major issues of interface tourism / environment in order to seek alternatives to the implementation and development of tourism in Ipeúna. As a result, it presents an environmental diagnosis of the study area through which to assess the current status of tourist attractions in relation to environmental and socio-economic dynamics of the city.

As metamorfoses no espaço com o advento da Copa do Mundo no Brasil: estudos sobre o distrito de Itaquera-SP

The present work discuss the reproduction of the social relations from the point of view of the new urban production relations - having as empirical universe for analysis-, the Itaquera district in the Sao Paulo metropolis, with the advent of the World Cup in Brazil. Starting with the reading of a reality in movement, in which the analysis walks covering the dialectic relationship between space and society, where the first is translated into product and life reproduction condition, aiming to unveil the metamorphoses that will take place in the urban space with its consequent contradiction, what it may be the expanded capital reproduction concomitantly with the process that denounces a spoliation movement of the social space. With the society approval before these big architectural projects enabled by ideology, it’s determined the (re) production of artificial spaces of consumption, funded for the capital extension. The current stage that the capitalism reveals a space turned into mass consumption merchandise, consequence of the victory of the exchange value over the usage value, amalgamated in positive measures of expulsion/sweeping of low income socio-economic layers

Diagnóstico da qualidade da água da microbacia do Córrego da Aldeia em Fernandópolis-SP

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil - FEIS

O Mal-estar no Trabalho: a culpa como mal-estar e a culpa do mal-estar

The present work is a reflexive-theoretically research that intends, by the light of Psychoanalytic and Freudo-Marxim theories, to think about the work malaise - effect of a repressive civilization -, and the sublimation possibilities, in the context of the discussions about the conflict individual-civilization. The work favors the essential thing for the human race's representations. Current researches indicate the importance of thinking the work in the process physical and mental health/illness, as well as the subjectivity of the human race in the present time. However, the organizations of work, using reductionist views, with the psychiatric-medical Knowledge/power as accomplice, have a tendency to disregard their responsibilities in the "production" of the illnesses in the workers. Freud, by the neurosis's understanding, showed that in the individual-civilization conflict the first one pays a high price: the constant malaise (the guilt as malaise). While who detains the guilt, in the social sense of the word (the guilt of malaise), is the human culture, intermediated by the organizations, defenders of the minority's interests that hold the manners of production/exploration. According to Freud, the growth of the feeling of guilt is inevitable, considering the necessity of the drives repression to cultural progress through displeasure work. However, Reich and Marcuse theorize an exit for the Freudian pessimism about the conflict between the individual and the civilization. Freud didn't consider properly the nature socio-historical of the Reality Principle, understanding it like universal. Therefore, the level of repression would have a specific socio-economic class: surplus value for a minority and more repression for the great mass. A less repressive Reality Principle might provide a fair progress of the humanity. It's in the list of discussion the possibility of the work in social and psychological conditions that allow the reduction of worker's malaise in the civilization's breast.

Isolation, selection and characterization of root-associated growth promoting bacteria in Brazil Pine (Araucaria angustifolia)

Araucaria angustifolia, a unique species of this genus that occurs naturally in Brazil, has a high socio-economic and environmental value and is critically endangered of extinction, since it has been submitted to intense predatory exploitation during the last century. Root-associated bacteria from A. angustifolia were isolated, selected and characterized for their biotechnological potential of growth promotion and biocontrol of plant pathogenic fungi. Ninety-seven strains were isolated and subjected to chemical tests. All isolates presented at least one positive feature, characterizing them as potential PGPR. Eighteen isolates produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 27 were able to solubilize inorganic phosphate, 21 isolates were presumable diazotrophs, with pellicle formation in nitrogen-free culture medium, 83 were phosphatases producers, 37 were positive for siderophores and 45 endospore-forming isolates were antagonistic to Fusarium oxysporum, a pathogen of conifers. We also observed the presence of bacterial strains with multiple beneficial mechanisms of action. Analyzing the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of these isolates, it was possible to characterize the most effective isolates as belonging to Bacillaceae (9 isolates), Enterobacteriaceae (11) and Pseudomonadaceae (1). As far as we know, this is the first study to include the species Ewingella americana as a PGPR. (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.