Nuovi calcestruzzi geopolimerici: Mix design, caratterizzazione e fattibilita in cantiere

I cambiamenti climatici dovuti all’immissione in atmosfera dei gas serra costringono alla ricerca di possibili soluzioni per la loro riduzione. Una risposta potrebbe essere rappresentata dall’impiego di calcestruzzi geopolimerici in quanto riducono notevolmente l’emissione in atmosfera di anidride carbonica rispetto ai calcestruzzi tradizionali. In letteratura sono numerosi gli studi di calcestruzzi geopolimerici realizzati mediante trattamenti termici applicati dopo le operazioni di confezionamento. Pochissime sono invece le ricerche effettuate su calcestruzzi geopolimerici prodotti senza trattamenti termici; in questa tesi sperimentale si è voluto indagare quest’ultimo tipo di conglomerati. In particolare si è studiato il mix design del calcestruzzo geopolimerico partendo dalla formulazione del calcestruzzo tradizionale. Da subito si è posto il problema di quale agente riduttore di acqua utilizzare. Pertanto è stata predisposta una sperimentazione di diversi tipi di fluidificanti e superfluidificanti su campioni di malta geopolimerica. In seguito sono stati testati diversi conglomerati geopolimerici con propri mix design, derivati in parte da esempi in letteratura, al fine di conseguire un accettabile valore di resistenza meccanica a compressione. Nella prospettiva di un possibile utilizzo in cantiere è stata indagata con particolare attenzione, la lavorabilità delle malte e dei calcestruzzi geopolimerici attraverso prove di consistenza, ponendola in relazione alle malte e i calcestruzzi cementizi. Sono state inoltre analizzate le caratteristiche dei materiali prodotti allo stato indurito, quali densità, assorbimento di acqua, modulo elastico e resistenza meccanica. Infine, è stata analizzata la fattibilità di un possibile utilizzo in cantiere.

Development and improvement of warm-mix asphalt technology

Traditionally, asphalt mixtures were produced at high temperatures (between 150°C to 180°C) and therefore often referred to as Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). Recently, a new technology named Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) was developed in Europe that allows HMA to be produced at a lower temperature. Over years of research efforts, a few WMA technologies were introduced including the foaming method using Aspha-min® and Advera® WMA; organic additives such as Sasobit® and Asphaltan B®; and chemical packages such as Evotherm® and Cecabase RT®. Benefits were found when lower temperatures were used to produce asphalt mixtures, especially when it comes to environmental and energy savings. Even though WMA has shown promising results in energy savings and emission reduction, however, only limited studies and laboratory tests have been conducted to date. The objectives of this project are to 1) develop a mix design framework for WMA by evaluating its mechanical properties; 2) evaluate performance of WMA containing high percentages of recycled asphalt material; and 3) evaluate the moisture sensitivity in WMA. The test results show that most of the WMA has higher fatigue life and TSR which indicated WMA has better fatigue cracking and moisture damage resistant; however, the rutting potential of most of the WMA tested were higher than the control HMA. A recommended WMA mix design framework was developed as well. The WMA design framework was presented in this study to provide contractors, and government agencies successfully design WMA. Mixtures containing high RAP and RAS were studied as well and the overall results show that WMA technology allows the mixture containing high RAP content and RAS to be produced at lower temperature (up to 35°C lower) without significantly affect the performance of asphalt mixture in terms of rutting, fatigue and moisture susceptibility. Lastly, the study also found that by introducing the hydrated lime in the WMA, all mixtures modified by the hydrated lime passed the minimum requirement of 0.80. This indicated that, the moisture susceptibility of the WMA can be improved by adding the hydrated lime.

Add a Dash of Rhetoric, a Pinch of Technical Communication, a Handful of Pedagogy, and Mix Well: Cookbooks and Recipes as Instructional Texts, and What Domestic Texts from 1870 to 1935 Can Teach Us About Technical Communication

Through the use of rhetoric centered on authority and risk avoidance, scientific method has co-opted knowledge, especially women's everyday and experiential knowledge in the domestic sphere. This, in turn, has produced a profound affect on technical communication in the present day. I am drawing on rhetorical theory to study cookbooks and recipes for their contributions to changes in instructional texts. Using the rhetorical lenses of metis (cunning intelligence), kairos (timing and fitness) and mneme (memory), I examine the way in which recipes and cookbooks are constructed, used and perceived. This helps me uncover lost voices in history, the voices of women who used recipes, produced cookbooks and changed the way instructions read. Beginning with the earliest cookbooks and recipes, but focusing on the pivotal temporal interval of 1870-1935, I investigate the writing and rhetorical forces shaping instruction sets and domestic discourse. By the time of scientific cooking and domestic science, everyday and experiential knowledge were being excluded to make room for scientific method and the industrial values of the public sphere. In this study, I also assess how the public sphere, via Cooperative Extension Services and other government agencies, impacted the domestic sphere, further devaluing everyday knowledge in favor of the public scientific model. I will show how the changes in the production of food, cookbooks and recipes were related to changes in technical communication. These changes had wide rippling effects on the field of technical communication. By returning to some of the tenets and traditions of everyday and experiential knowledge, technical communication scholars, practitioners and instructors today can find new ways to encounter technical communication, specifically regarding the creation of instructional texts. Bringing cookbooks, recipes and everyday knowledge into the classroom and the field engenders a new realm of epistemological possibilities.

De Opuscula van Daniel Levi (Miguel) de Barrios

[M. Roest]