Oost Finlandt

Julkaisussa: Speculum nauticum super navigatione maris Occidentalis confectum. - Vol. II: Pars altera speculi marini, integram cum borealis, tum orientalis oceani navigationem

Livoniae pars

Julkaisussa: Speculum nauticum super navigatione maris Occidentalis confectum. - Vol. II: Pars altera speculi marini, integram cum borealis, tum orientalis oceani navigationem

Norwegiae pars

Julkaisussa: Speculum nauticum super navigatione maris Occidentalis confectum. - Vol. II: Pars altera speculi marini, integram cum borealis, tum orientalis oceani navigationem

[Noorweghen]

Julkaisussa: Speculum nauticum super navigatione maris Occidentalis confectum. - Vol. II: Pars altera speculi marini, integram cum borealis, tum orientalis oceani navigationem

Biscaiae pars

Julkaisussa: Speculum nauticum super navigatione maris Occidentalis confectum. - Vol. I

Angliae pars

Julkaisussa: Speculum nauticum super navigatione maris Occidentalis confectum. - Vol. I

Noordt custe van Engelandt

Julkaisussa: Speculum nauticum super navigatione maris Occidentalis confectum. - Vol. II: Pars altera speculi marini, integram cum borealis, tum orientalis oceani navigationem

Summa Europae : antiqvae descriptio

Julkaisussa: Philippi Clüveri Germaniae antiqvae libri tres

Antiqvae Germaniae : septemtrionalis descriptio

Julkaisussa: Philippi Clüveri Germaniae antiqvae libri tres

Estrogen replacement therapy and cardioprotection: mechanisms and controversies

Epidemiological and case-controlled studies suggest that estrogen replacement therapy might be beneficial in terms of primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). This beneficial effect of estrogens was initially considered to be due to the reduction of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and to increases in high density lipoproteins (HDL). Recent studies have shown that estrogens protect against oxidative stress and decrease LDL oxidation. Estrogens have direct effects on the arterial tissue and modulate vascular reactivity through nitric oxide and prostaglandin synthesis. While many of the effects of estrogen on vascular tissue are believed to be mediated by estrogen receptors alpha and ß, there is evidence for `immediate non-genomic' effects. The role of HDL in interacting with 17ß-estradiol including its esterification and transfer of esterified estrogens to LDL is beginning to be elucidated. Despite the suggested positive effects of estrogens, two recent placebo-controlled clinical trials in women with CHD did not detect any beneficial effects on overall coronary events with estrogen therapy. In fact, there was an increase in CHD events in some women. Mutations in thrombogenic genes (factor V Leiden, prothrombin mutation, etc.) in a subset of women may play a role in this unexpected finding. Thus, the cardioprotective effect of estrogens appears to be more complicated than originally thought and requires more research.

Geniza-tutkimusta asiantuntijoille

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

The clinical impact of MTHFR polymorphism on the vascular complications of sickle cell disease

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common inherited diseases in the world and the patients present notorious clinical heterogeneity. It is known that patients with SCD present activation of the blood coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, especially during vaso-occlusive crises, but also during the steady state of the disease. We determined if the presence of the factor V gene G1691A mutation (factor V Leiden), the prothrombin gene G20210A variant, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism may be risk factors for vascular complications in individuals with SCD. We studied 53 patients with SCD (60% being women), 29 with SS (sickle cell anemia; 28 years, range: 13-52 years) and 24 with SC (sickle-hemoglobin C disease; 38.5 years, range: 17-72 years) hemoglobinopathy. Factor V Leiden, MTHFR C677T polymorphism, and prothrombin G20210A variant were identified by PCR followed by further digestion of the PCR product with specific endonucleases. The following vascular complications were recorded: stroke, retinopathy, acute thoracic syndrome, and X-ray-documented avascular necrosis. Only one patient was heterozygous for factor V Leiden (1.8%) and there was no prothrombin G20210A variant. MTHFR 677TT polymorphism was detected in 1 patient (1.8%) and the heterozygous form 677TC was observed in 18 patients (34%, 9 with SS and 9 with SC disease), a prevalence similar to that reported by others. No association was detected between the presence of the MTHFR 677T allele and other genetic modulation factors, such as alpha-thalassemia, ß-globin gene haplotype and fetal hemoglobin. The presence of the MTHFR 677T allele was associated with the occurrence of vascular complications in SCD, although this association was not significant when each complication was considered separately. In conclusion, MTHFR C677T polymorphism might be a risk factor for vascular complications in SCD.

Het wterste ofte Oosterste deel van de Oster Zee beslooten tegens Ruslandt Lijfflandt, Oost Finlandt, in welcken de twe opperste ofte veerste laetplaetsen sijn van geheele Oosterse nauigatie, te weeten der Narua eñ Wijburch, met de omstandlicheijt der Eijlanden, Clippen, eñ Sweetse Schaerē. Doer Lucas Iansz. Wag.

Janamittakaavat: Spaensche mijlen ; Duitzsche mijlen.

University jubilees : a new research area in the history of universities

Teema: Yliopistohistoria.