白垩纪超静磁带地球磁场古强度测定

The long-term variations in the strength of the geomagnetic field provide important constraints on the chemical-physical processes of the Earth’s interior. Especially, the intensity of the geomagnetic field during the Cretaceous normal superchron (CNS) is crucial to understand the geodynamo. But a paucity of paleointensity further limits to obtain essential knowledge interior process in the deep earth. In order to improve the experimental efficiency, this study tried to apply two new rock magnetic methods (FORC diagram and low-temperature demagnetization technique) to determine the paleointensity. First, some problems in the theory and technique in paleointensity experiments were introduced. A combined palaeomagnetic and geochronologic study was further conducted on a basaltic lava sequence at Jianchang in Liaoning Province, northeastern China. Radiometric 40Ar/39Ar dating indicates that the volcanism occurred at about 119 Ma within the marine anomaly C34n in Cretaceous normal superchron (CNS). Rock magnetic investigations show that pseudo-single domain (PSD) titanium-poor titanomagnetite is dominant in the studied lava flows. Both stepwise thermal and alternating field demagnetizations isolate the well-defined normal characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) in three independent lava flows with a mean direction of D/I = 6.0/51.9 degree(a95 = 12.3degree). Palaeointensity was determined using the modified Thellier method with systematic partial thermoremanent magnetization (pTRM) checks on total 72 samples, but only 10 samples exhibit ideal linear behavior on the Arai-plot in the temperature interval of 300-560 C and yield an average paleointensity of (25.8+/-1.4)uT. In addition, slopes of the line defined by the initial and the final points on the Arai-plot for the other 18 samples with characteristic PSD features give an average paleointensity estimation value of (24.8+/-1.9)uT. The consistency of these two approaches confidently demonstrates the fidelity of our results. The overall mean field strength determined using both approaches are thus estimated to be (25.2+/-0.7 )uT. This value corresponds to the virtual dipole magnetic moments (VDM) of (4.5+/-0.1)E22 Am^2, which is about half of the value of present field. This finding suggests that palaeointensity just at the onset of the CNS is characterized by a weak magnetic field.

甘肃西峰晚第三纪红粘土地层中的蜗牛化石记录及其古环境意义

In this study, 260 mollusk fossil samples from a Red Clay sequence at Xifeng, Gansu province, in the northern China were analyzed quantitatively. 12 fossil species and four fossil zones have been identified. Three main ecological groups were determined based on ecological requirement of each mollusk taxon. According to fossil composition and succession of three ecological groups, the author discussed the origin and sedimentary environment of the red clay deposits, and the process of ecological environmental changes as well as the variations of the East Asia monsoons during 6.2-2.4 Ma in the Loess Plateau. A preliminary study on periodicity of paleoclimatic changes was also conducted by using spectral analysis method. The main results and conclusions are presented as follows:A continuous land mollusk fossil sequence of 6.2-2.4 Ma from Xifeng Red Clay Formation has been established, which provided a basic data for studying the environmental changes during late Miocene to Pliocene.The study of composition and preservation condition of mollusk fossils reveals a terrestrial in situ ecological population in the Red Clay Formation. All of identifiable mollusk species are composed of terrestrial taxa, which support the view that the Red Clay is an eolian origin, similar to the overlying Quaternary loess deposits.The mollusk record reveals the processes of ecological and environmental changes during 6.2-2.4 Ma in the Loess Plateau. Climatic changes experienced cold and dry from 6.2-5.4 Ma, warm and wet during 5.4-4.5 Ma, mild and moderate from 4.5-3-4 Ma, to rapid cooling and drying after 3.4 Ma. From '5.4- 2.4 Ma, climate was stepwise cooling. The cooling trend is in good agreement with a general1 0global cooling trend during this period, as documented by marine 5 0 records.4. Three remarked ecological shifts took place in mollusk assemblages from 6.2-2.4 Ma, focused on about 5.4, 4.5 and 3.4 Ma. The warming shift around 5.4 Ma was probably related to the rising of the global temperature. The cooling shifts around 4,5 and 3.4 Ma however might be closely linked to the uplift of Tibet Plateau and the development of Northern Hemisphere ice sheet.The succession in mollusk ecological groups also recorded the variability of the East Asian winter and summer monsoon. The winter monsoon dominated two periods from 6.2-5.4 Ma and from 3.4-2.4 Ma, while the summer monsoon was strong during 5.4-4.5 Ma. The variations in winter and summer monsoons were in phase during 4.5-3.4 Ma. Monsoon regimes changed with the duration about 1 Ma, which roughly corresponds to the cycle driven by tectonic activity on the time scales of ICP-IO7 years. In addition, mollusk fossils recorded the large amplitude and high frequency fluctuations overlapped on 105-107 years climate cycle.The maximum entropy spectral analysis and filter-band analysis of total mollusk individuals and three typical ecological groups suggest that the climate changes controlled mainly by solar insolation had periods about 70 ka and 40 ka on the time scales of 105 during late Miocene-Pliocene. Climatic periodicity intensified from 4.0 Ma, which reflected strengthened forcing by high latitude ice volume.

Synthesis of a group of diosgenyl saponins with combined use of glycosyl trichloroacetimidate and thioglycoside donors

With the combined use of glycosyl trichloroacetimidates and thioglycosides, a group of natural diosgenyl saponins (1-6) are efficiently synthesized, in either a stepwise or a 'one-pot' manner. The trichloroacetimidate is employed as an efficient temporary hydroxy protecting group in glycosylation with the glycosyl trichloroacetimidate. The intermolecular alkylthio-group transfer is demonstrated to be a common side-reaction during glycosylation with thioglycosides.

中学生自我状态现状及其与亲子沟通、心理健康的关系研究

The communication between parents and children is one of the focuses in adolescence research area. However，the ego states in communication were seldom referred to. In present research, the relationship among high school students’ ego states, parent-child communication status and mental health level was explored. Study1: Ego State Questionnaire (ESQ) was revised according to 400 high school students from both rural and urban areas. Study2: Revised Ego State Questionnaire was administered to 450 high school students. Data was analyzed by cluster analysis. Study3: The relationship among ego states, parent-child communication status and mental health level was researched systematically according to 450 high school students. The main results of the thesis were as follows: 1) The five factors of Johu Dusy’s ego states were confirmed. 2) The revised RESQ had good reliability and validity, and could be used in researching middle school students ego states and related area. 3) Gender differences: Girls’ NP score was higher than boys’. Boys’ Adult and AC score was higher than girls. 4)School difference: students’ A and FC from key high school scored higher than students form normal high school. 5) The students were divided into two groups according to parental education level. The split point was high school. Students whose parents’ education level was above high school scored higher in NP than the other group of students. 6) The students were clustered into 4 groups according to cluster analysis: adapted、rational、contradictory、self-centered。 7) adapted、self-centered students’SCL-90 score was lower than average level, contradictory students’ score was higher than average level, rational students’score was equal to average level. 8) Both NP and Adult ego states had significant negative correlation with SCL total score, CP ego states had significant postive correlation SCL total score. 9) NP, A ego states had significant postive correlation with family communication atmosphere, father-son, father-daughter, mother-son, mother-daughter communication status . CP had significant negative correlation with above variables. AC had significant negative correlation with family communication atmosphere . 10) The stepwise regression showed that Adult ，Control Parent ego states and communication between parents and children score had prevented from mental health significantly. Adult ego states impacted mental health through communication between parents and children.

社会形势预警的几种建模方法比较

Based on social survey data conducted by local research group in some counties executed in the nearly past five years in China, the author proposed and solved two kernel problems in the field of social situation forecasting: i) How can the attitudes’ data on individual level be integrated with social situation data on macrolevel; ii) How can the powers of forecasting models’ constructed by different statistic methods be compared? Five integrative statistics were applied to the research: 1) algorithm average (MEAN); 2) standard deviation (SD); 3) coefficient variability (CV); 4) mixed secondary moment (M2); 5) Tendency (TD). To solve the former problem, the five statistics were taken to synthesize the individual and mocrolevel data of social situations on the levels of counties’ regions, and form novel integrative datasets, from the basis of which, the latter problem was accomplished by the author: modeling methods such as Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA), Discriminant Analysis (DA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were used to construct several forecasting models. Meanwhile, on the dimensions of stepwise vs. enter, short-term vs. long-term forecasting and different integrative (statistic) models, meta-analysis and power analysis were taken to compare the predicting power of each model within and among modeling methods. Finally, it can be concluded from the research of the dissertation: 1) Exactly significant difference exists among different integrative (statistic) models, in which, tendency (TD) integrative models have the highest power, but coefficient variability (CV) ones have the lowest; 2) There is no significant difference of the power between stepwise and enter models as well as short-term and long-term forecasting models; 3) There is significant difference among models constructed by different methods, of which, support vector machine (SVM) has the highest statistic power. This research founded basis in all facets for exploring the optimal forecasting models of social situation’s more deeply, further more, it is the first time methods of meta-analysis and power analysis were immersed into the assessments of such forecasting models.

心算年老化的认知心理机制及功能磁共振成像研究

Mechanisms underlying cognitive psychology and cerebral physiological of mental arithmetic with increasing are were studied by using behavioral methods and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). I. Studies on mechanism underlying cognitive psychology of mental arithmetic with increasing age These studies were accomplished in 172 normal subjects ranging from 20 to 79 years of age with above 12 years of education (Mean = 1.51, SD = 1.5). Five mental arithmetic tasks, "1000-1", "1000-3", "1000-7", "1000-13", "1000-17", were designed with a serial calculation in which subjects sequentially subtracted the same prime number (1, 3, 7, 13, 17) from another number 1000. The variables studied were mental arithmetic, age, working memory, and sensory-motor speed, and four studies were conducted: (1) Aging process of mental arithmetic with different difficulties, (2) mechanism of aging of mental arithmetic processing. (3) effects of working memory and sensory-motor speed on aging process of mental arithmetic, (4) model of cognitive aging of mental arithmetic, with statistical methods such as MANOVA, hierarchical multiple regression, stepwise regression analysis, structural equation modelling (SEM). The results were indicated as following: Study 1: There was an obvious interaction between age and mental arithmetic, in which reaction time (RT) increased with advancing age and more difficult mental arithmetic, and mental arithmetic efficiency (the ratio of accuracy to RT) deceased with advancing age and more difficult mental arithmetic; Mental arithmetic efficiency with different difficulties decreased in power function: Study 2: There were two mediators (latent variables) in aging process of mental arithmetic, and age had an effect on mental arithmetic with different difficulties through the two mediators; Study 3: There were obvious interactions between age and working memory, working memory and mental arithmetic; Working memory and sensory-motor speed had effects on aging process of mental arithmetic, in which the effect of working memory on aging process of mental arithmetic was about 30-50%, and the effect of sensory-motor speed on aging process of mental arithmetic was above 35%. Study 4: Age, working memory, and sensory-motor speed had effects on two latent variables (factor 1 and factor 2), then had effects on mental arithmetic with different difficulties through factor 1 which was relative to memory component, and factor 2 which relative to speed component and had an effect on factor 1 significantly. II. Functional magnetic resonance imaging study on metal arithmetic with increasing age This study was accomplished in 14 normal right-handed subjects ranging from 20 to 29 (7 subjects) and 60 to 69 (7 subjects) years of age by using functional magnetic resonance imaging apparatus, a superconductive Signa Horizon 1.5T MRI system. Two mental arithmetic tasks, "1000-3" and "1000-17", were designed with a serial calculation in which subjects sequentially subtracted the same prime number (3 or 17) from another number 1000 silently, and controlling task, "1000-0", in which subjects continually rehearsed number 1000 silently, was regarded as baseline, based on current "baseline-task" OFF-ON subtraction pattern. Original data collected by fMRI apparatus, were analyzed off-line in SUN SPARC working station by using current STIMULATE software. The analytical steps were composed of within-subject analysis, in which brain activated images about mental arithmetic with two difficulties were obtained by using t-test, and between-subject analysis, in which features of brain activation about mental arithmetic with two difficulties, the relationship between left and right hemisphere during mental arithmetic, and age differences of brain activation in young and elderly adults were examined by using non-parameter Wilcoxon test. The results were as following:

Computação da Seleção Genômica Ampla (GWS).

Métodos para GWS; Teoria dos métodos de regressão; Computação do método Random (Ridge) Regression BLUP (RR-BLUP/GWS); Fenótipos corrigidos; Frequências alélicas, variância dos marcadores e herdabilidade; Marcadores codominantes (SNP) ? Modelo genotípico; Marcadores dominantes (DArT) - Modelo genotípico; Marcadores codominantes (SNP) ? Modelo gamético ou alélico; Número de marcadores com efeitos significativos; Populações de estimação, validação e seleção; População de validação e Jacknife; Correlação e regressão entre valores genéticos preditos e fenótipos na população de validação; Análise de associação na GWAS; Software Selegen Genômica: Random (Ridge) Regression BLUP: RR-BLUP/GWS; Exemplo aplicado ao melhoramento do eucalipto.

Estimativa da superfície específica de solos e do coeficiente de sorção de pesticidas.

São apresentados dois modelos de regressão linear múltipla. O primeiro foi obtido para estimar a superfície específica (SE) de solos brasileiros tendo como variáveis independentes os conteúdos volumétricos de argila, areia, silte e carbono orgânico. Tomou-se o cuidado para que o modelo proposto respeitasse restrições físicas de positividade dos valores da superfície específica, impondo-se restrições na determinação dos coeficientes dos atributos do modelo. Posteriormente, determinou-se uma relação linear múltipla para estimar o logaritmo decimal do coeficiente de sorção de pesticidas (LogKd) por meio da superfície específica do solo, do coeficiente de partição entre o octanol e a água, da solubilidade aquosa do pesticida e do pH do solo. Os modelos ajustados explicam 82% e 78% da variabilidade das variáveis dependentes SE e LogKd, respectivamente. Foram utilizados dados de 307 perfis de solos para a determinação da relação entre a superfície específica e os atributos do solo e 118 valores de coeficientes de sorção medidos experimentalmente para 20 pesticidas em 46 dados de solos representativos do ambiente agrícola brasileiro. Todos os dados deste estudo foram coletados em trabalhos científicos publicados. Os modelos apresentados podem facilitar o trabalho da previsão da superfície específica de solos (SE) e do coeficiente de sorção de pesticidas (Kd), contribuindo na estimativa da concentração ambiental de pesticidas por modelos matemáticos ou por índices que usem esses parâmetros em seus cálculos.

Predição de proteína, matéria seca e fósforo em grãos de milho pela espectroscopia de reflectância no infravermelho próximo.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de curvas de calibração por espectroscopia de reflectância no infravermelho próximo (NIRS) para os teores de matéria seca, proteína e fósforo em amostras de milho processado. Neste trabalho, foi utilizada a espectroscopia no infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier aplicando a técnica de reflectância difusa, cujos dados espectrais foram correlacionados aos valores nutricionais do milho através do método de regressão dos mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS) e diferentes pré-tratamentos matemáticos nos espectros. Para a construção de modelo de calibração, foram utilizados os dados de referência de análises químicas dos valores do teor de matéria seca, proteína bruta e fósforo (P) de 191 amostras de milho em grão de diferentes procedências e variedades. Destas amostras, 114 foram usadas para o modelo de calibração, 48 para validação. A espectroscopia de reflectância no infravermelho próximo, associada ao método de calibração multivariada (PLS), é uma técnica alternativa viável para a determinação do teor de proteína total e matéria seca em amostras de milho moído. As curvas ajustadas para proteína bruta, matéria seca e fósforo apresentaram performance adequada para utilização em amostras provenientes de ensaios de screening ou onde se tem grande número de repetições de amostras por tratamentos. Para utilização em determinações analíticas, como método de rotina laboratorial, os modelos de calibração devem ser aprimorados.

An Algorithm for Parsing Flow Graphs

This report describes research about flow graphs - labeled, directed, acyclic graphs which abstract representations used in a variety of Artificial Intelligence applications. Flow graphs may be derived from flow grammars much as strings may be derived from string grammars; this derivation process forms a useful model for the stepwise refinement processes used in programming and other engineering domains. The central result of this report is a parsing algorithm for flow graphs. Given a flow grammar and a flow graph, the algorithm determines whether the grammar generates the graph and, if so, finds all possible derivations for it. The author has implemented the algorithm in LISP. The intent of this report is to make flow-graph parsing available as an analytic tool for researchers in Artificial Intelligence. The report explores the intuitions behind the parsing algorithm, contains numerous, extensive examples of its behavior, and provides some guidance for those who wish to customize the algorithm to their own uses.

Associação das técnicas multivariada e geoestatística na estimativa e interpretação de mapas de produção.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar, mediante a geoestatística e análise multivariada, a variabilidade espacial da produção de milho e feijào e investigar metodologia que permita a estimativa da produção, através da redução de variáveis envolvidas, cultivadas em Latossolo vermelho-escuro, textura argilosa, durante cinco anos consecutivos (1992 - 1996), sob três sistemas de preparo (arado, grade e plantio direto) na Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, em Santo Antonio de Goiás, GO. O método dos componentes principais reduziu consideravelmente a dimensão do problema, facilitando a interpretação. Entretanto, os modelos de regressão linear múltipla baseados nos componentes principais como variáveis regressoras, apresentaram estimativa da produção mais distantes dos valores obtidos quando do uso do modelo baseado nas variáveis originais.

Balanço hídrico na bacia do Jaguaribe, Ceará, utilizando evapotranspiração de referência Penman-Monteith FAO estimada com dados mínimos.

Os dados básicos para estimar a evapotranspiração de referência de Penman-Monteith FAO (EToPM) são: temperaturas máxima e mínima, pressão de vapor real ou atual, radiação líquida e velocidade do vento, muitas vezes indisponíveis por requererem estações meteorológicas específicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a adequação do método para estimar a EToPM, utilizando-se dados mínimos integrados a um Sistema de Informação Geográfica, na bacia do Rio Jaguaribe, CE. Foi utilizado o sistema integrado de modelagem regional PRECIS (Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies), versão 1.2, com as condições de contorno do Modelo Climático Global (HadAM3P), acoplado ao Modelo Climático Regional (HadRM3P), por meio da técnica dinâmica de redução de escala (downscaling). Os dados foram analisados quanto a sua variabilidade espacial (latitude, longitude), utilizando-se o método geoestatístico de krigagem associado a um Sistema de Informação Geográfica. Para a validação do método, foi ajustada uma regressão linear entre EToPM estimada com dados mínimos (temperaturas máxima e mínima) e com dados medidos por uma estação de referência. A média da EToPM anual estimada com dados mínimos foi 1.719 mm. O método mostrou-se aceitável na região estudada, considerando os resultados da análise de regressão (coeficiente angular de 0,95, coeficiente de determinação de 0,902, resíduos menores que 0,45 mm dia-1 e a Raiz do Quadrado Médio do Erro (RQME) igual a 0,067 mm dia-1).

Influência da densidade de semeadura nas características agronômicas de cultivares de girassol.

RESUMO: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de densidades de semeadura de genótipos de girassol em suas características agronômicas. O experimento foi realizado no campo experimental do IFMT, Campus Campo Novo do Parecis - MT, entre os meses de fevereiro e junho de 2015. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 x 5, sendo cinco genótipos de girassol AGUARÁ 04, GNZ NEON, HÉLIO 251, SYN 045 e SYN 3950HO) e cinco populações de plantas (30.000, 37.500, 45.000, 52.500 e 60.000 plantas ha-1), com 3 repetições. Foram analisadas as características altura de planta, diâmetro da haste, tamanho do capítulo, massa de mil aquênios e produtividade de aquênios. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância, seguido de teste Tukey para cultivares e análise de regressão para as diferentes populações de plantas (p<0,05). O genótipo SYN 045 apresentou a maior produtividade de aquênios, 1.708,90 kg ha-1 enquanto que a população de 60.150 plantas ha-1 foi a que possibilitou a maior produtividade de aquênios, 2.391,92 kg ha-1. ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of sowing density of sunflower genotypes on their agronomic characteristics. The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of IFMT, Campus Campo Novo do Parecis - MT, between February and June 2015. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial 5 x 5, five sunflower genotypes (AGUARÁ 04, GNZ NEON, HÉLIO 251, SYN 045 and SYN 3950HO) and five plant populations (30,000, 37,500, 45,000, 52,500 and 60,000 plants ha-1) with 3 repetitions. Plant height, stem diameter, chapter length, mass thousand achenes and achenes productivity were analyzed. The data were submitted to analysis of variance followed by Tukey test for cultivars and regres. -

An econometric analysis of international air travel demand in Saudi Arabia

Abed, S. Y., Ba-Fail, A. O., & Jasimuddin, S. (2001). An econometric analysis of international air travel demand in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Air Transport Management, 7(3), 143-148 RAE2008

Estudo do processo de difusão de gases em carvões com base em isotérmicas de Langmuir

Tese de Doutoramento apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Doutror em Ciências da Terra.