Élémens pratiques d'exploitation, contenant tout ce qui est relatif à l'art d'explorer la surface des terrains, d'y faire des travaux de recherche et d'y établir des exploitations réglées; la description des moyens employés pour l'extraction et le transport souterrain des minerais et des combustibles; les diverses méthodes de boiser, murailler, aérer et assécher les mines; les secours à donner aux noyés, asphyxiés et brulés; des notions sur l'administration, la comptabilité, etc., etc.

Mode of access: Internet.

Catalogue méthodique des plantes du jardin de l'École de médecine de Strasbourg : dédié aux professeurs actuels de l'école /

Includes index.

Précis d'un voyage botanique : fait en Suisse, dans les Grisons, aux sources du Rhim, au Saint Gothard, dans le département du Tessin, le Milanais, le Piemont, etc. En Juillet, Août et Septembre 1811. Précédé de quelques réflexions sur l'utilité des voyages pour les naturalistes /

Stafleu and Cowan, 2d ed.

Lettre à M. le comte de B*** pendant son séjour aux eaux d'Aix-la-Chapelle.

Cover title: Parallèle entre M. de Chateaubriand et M. de Chenier.

Mémoire aux chambres législatives. Esquisse repide et historique sur l'administration de l'Algérie depuis 1830.

Mode of access: Internet.

Dissertation sur L'inscription grecque ..., et sur les pierres antiques qui servaient de cachets aux médicins oculistes,

Half-title: Cachets antiques des médicins oculistes.

Essais historiques sur Paris, : pour faire suite aux Essais de M. Poullain de Saint-Foix /

Index at end of vol. 2.

Manuel de gastronomie : contenant particulièrement la manière de dresser et de servir une table, et d'observer la symétrie des mets : la nomenclature alphabétique de 54 potages, 27 relevés de potage, 40 hors-d'oeuvres, 600 plats d'entrée, 100 plats de rôt, 350 plats d'entremets, et 100 articles de dessert, avec la manière de les préparer et de les servir : ouvrage mis à la portée de toutes les classes de la société, indispensable aux ménagères, et surtout aux personnes qui habitent la campagne, etc., etc.

Mode of access: Internet.

Une ferme aux environs d'Amiens.

Mode of access: Internet.

Le triomphe de l'innocence; ou particularités peu connuës; aussi honorables aux reformés de France, qu'elles le sont peu à leurs adversaires.

Mode of access: Internet.

Collection Eugene Piot. Antiquités dont la vente aux enchères publiques aura lieu a l'hotel des commissaires-priseurs 9, rue Drouot ... les mardi 27, mercredi 28, jeudi 29 et vendredi 20 mai 1890 ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Family resemblances? Ligand binding and activation of family A and B G-protein-coupled receptors

In April 2007, the Biochemical Society held a meeting to compare and contrast ligand binding and activation of Family A and B GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors). Being the largest class, Family A GPCRs usually receive the most attention, although a previous Biochemical Society meeting has focused on Family B GPCRs. The aim of the present meeting was to bring researchers of both families together in order to identify commonalities between the two. The present article introduces the proceedings of the meeting, briefly commenting on the focus of each of the following articles. ©The Authors.

A key role for transmembrane prolines in calcitonin receptor-like receptor agonist binding and signalling:implications for family B G-protein-coupled receptors

Calcitonin receptor like-receptor is a family B G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR). It requires receptor activity modifying protein (RAMP) 1 to give a calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor. Little is known of how members of this receptor family function. Proline residues often form important kinks in alpha-helices. Therefore, all proline residues within the transmembrane helices of the receptor (Pro241, Pro244 in helix 4, Pro275 in helix 5, Pro321 and Pro331 in helix 6) were mutated to alanine. Pro241 Pro275, and Pro321 are highly conserved throughout all family B GPCRs. The binding of CGRP and its ability to stimulate cAMP production were investigated in mutant and wild-type receptors after transient transfection into COS-7 cells with RAMP1. The P321A mutation significantly decreased the pEC(50) for CGRP and reduced its affinity but did not change cell-surface expression. Antagonist binding [CGRP(8-37) and 1-piperidinecarboxamide N-[2-[[5amino-1-[[4-(4-pyridinyl)-1-piperazinyl]carbonyl]pentyl]amino]-1-[(3 5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-oxoethyl]-4-(1,4-dihydro-2-oxo-3(2H)-quina zolinyl) (BIBN4096BS)] was little altered by the mutation. Adrenomedullin-mediated signaling was disrupted when P321A was coexpressed with RAMP1, RAMP2, or RAMP3. The P331A mutant produced a moderate reduction in CGRP binding and receptor activation. Mutation of the other residues had no effect on receptor function. Thus, Pro321 and Pro331 are required for agonist binding and receptor activation. Modeling suggested that Pro321 induces a bend in helix 6, bringing its C terminus near that of helix 3, as seen in many family A GPCRs. This is abolished in P321A. P321A-I325P predicted to restore this conformation, showed wild-type activation. Modeling can also rationalize the effects of transmembrane proline mutants previously reported for another family B GPCR, the VPAC(1) receptor.

Heterodimers and family-B GPCRs:RAMPs, CGRP and adrenomedullin

RAMPs (receptor activity-modifying proteins) are single-pass transmembrane proteins that associate with certain family-B GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors). Specifically for the CT (calcitonin) receptor-like receptor and the CT receptor, this results in profound changes in ligand binding and receptor pharmacology, allowing the generation of six distinct receptors with preferences for CGRP (CT gene-related peptide) adrenomedullin, amylin and CT. There are three RAMPs: RAMP1-RAMP3. The N-terminus appears to be the main determinant of receptor pharmacology whereas the transmembrane domain contributes to association of the RAMP with the GPCR. The N-terminus of all members of the RAMP family probably contains two disulphide bonds; a potential third disulphide is found in RAMP1 and RAMP3. The N-terminus appears to be in close proximity to the ligand and plays a key role in its binding, either directly or indirectly. BIBN4096BS, a CGRP antagonist, targets RAMP1 and this gives the compound very high selectivity for the human CGRP(1) receptor.

RAMPs and the modulation of G-protein coupled receptors

Receptor activity modifying proteins (RAMPs) are a family of three proteins that can interact with G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to create new receptors and also alter the signalling and trafficing of existing receptors. There are frequently changes in RAMP expression in cardiovascular disease RAMPs represent important drug targets.