Civilização, sexualidade e entropia no pensamento de Freud

This article intends to offer, in an introductory way, a reflection in order to build an interpretation of the Sigmund Freud's thought, orchestrating notions such as the ones of progress of civilization, which would be his philosophy of history; an investigation on his conceptions about "human nature"; culminating in a brief reflection on some points of philosophy of nature that underlies his thought. We anticipate that we recognize in the latter, characteristics assimilated by analogy to the entropy concept of modern physics. Among other features, such as compared and methodological reference with some of Kant's theses about the same notions, we also present in a short way two metapsychological aspects of Freudian theory on human sexuality, the biological and physiological, both aiming to give support to the reflections on the sense of finality.

Construção de estatutos de ciência para a biologia numa perspectiva histórico-filosófica: uma abordagem estruturante para seu ensino

Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC

Philosophia naturalis : In usam scholarum. /

Mode of access: Internet.

Zend-Avesta, oder "Uber die Dinge des Himmels und des Jenseits vom Standpunkt der Naturbetrachtung

"Erste Auflage 1851."

Beschavingsgeschiedenis en natuurkennis.

Mode of access: Internet.

Von der Weltseele : eine Hypothese der höheren Physik zur Erklärung des allgemeinen Organismus : nebst einer Abhandlung über das Verhältniss des Realen und Idealen in der Natur, oder, Entwicklung der ersten Grundsätze der Naturphilosophie an den Principien der Schwere und des Lichts /

Signatures: a-c⁸ d⁴(-d4, blank?) A-U⁸ X⁴.

Wahlverwandtschaft zwischen dem sogenannten Supernaturalisten und Naturphilosophen mit Verwandtem : auch gegen neue Umtriebe des Obskurantismus, vornehmlich im deutschen Osten und Norden /

Includes bibliographical references.

Darlegung des wahren Verhältnisses der Naturphilosophie zu der verbesserten Fichte'schen Lehre : eine Erläuterungsschrift der ersten /

"Druckfehler-Verzeichniss": p. [4] (1st count).

Natur oder schöpfung? Eine frage an die naturphilosophie und religionsphilosophie,

Mode of access: Internet.

Ideen zu einer Philosophie der Natur /

"Verbesserungen und Druckfehler": p. [X].

Essai d'un parallèle entre les forces physiques et les forces morales,

Mode of access: Internet.

The many-sided universe; a study specially addressed to young people,

Mode of access: Internet.

Iohannis Scotti seu Eriugenae, Periphyseon /

Text in Latin; introduction in French.

Perì physeos;

Bibliographical footnotes.

Encounters with the Virtual : The Experience of Art In Gilles Deleuze's Philosophy

My thesis concerns the notion of existence as an encounter, as developed in the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze (1925 1995). What this denotes is a critical stance towards a major current in Western philosophical tradition which Deleuze nominates as representational thinking. Such thinking strives to provide a stable ground for identities by appealing to transcendent structures behind the apparent reality and explaining the manifest diversity of the given by such notions as essence, idea, God, or totality of the world. In contrast to this, Deleuze states that abstractions such as these do not explain anything, but rather that they need to be explained. Yet, Deleuze does not appeal merely to the given. He sees that one must posit a genetic element that accounts for experience, and this element must not be naïvely traced from the empirical. Deleuze nominates his philosophy as transcendental empiricism and he seeks to bring together the approaches of both empiricism and transcendental philosophy. In chapter one I look into the motivations of Deleuze s transcendental empiricism and analyse it as an encounter between Deleuze s readings of David Hume and Immanuel Kant. This encounter regards, first of all, the question of subjectivity and results in a conception of identity as non-essential process. A pre-given concept of identity does not explain the nature of things, but the concept itself must be explained. From this point of view, the process of individualisation must become the central concern. In chapter two I discuss Deleuze s concept of the affect as the basis of identity and his affiliation with the theories of Gilbert Simondon and Jakob von Uexküll. From this basis develops a morphogenetic theory of individuation-as-process. In analysing such a process of individuation, the modal category of the virtual becomes of great value, being an open, indeterminate charge of potentiality. As the virtual concerns becoming or the continuous process of actualisation, then time, rather than space, will be the privileged field of consideration. Chapter three is devoted to the discussion of the temporal aspect of the virtual and difference-without-identity. The essentially temporal process of subjectification results in a conception of the subject as composition: an assemblage of heterogeneous elements. Therefore art and aesthetic experience is valued by Deleuze because they disclose the construct-like nature of subjectivity in the sensations they produce. Through the domain of the aesthetic the subject is immersed in the network of affectivity that is the material diversity of the world. Chapter four addresses a phenomenon displaying this diversified indentity: the simulacrum an identity that is not grounded in an essence. Developed on the basis of the simulacrum, a theory of identity as assemblage emerges in chapter five. As the problematic of simulacra concerns perhaps foremost the artistic presentation, I shall look into the identity of a work of art as assemblage. To take an example of a concrete artistic practice and to remain within the problematic of the simulacrum, I shall finally address the question of reproduction particularly in the case recorded music and its identity regarding the work of art. In conclusion, I propose that by overturning its initial representational schema, phonographic music addresses its own medium and turns it into an inscription of difference, exposing the listener to an encounter with the virtual.