Asociación entre factores socioeconómicos y hábitos de limpieza en gestantes de Usaquén y Kennedy de la ciudad de Bogotá

Introducción: Actualmente existe un reconocimiento creciente de que el hogar desempeña un papel importante en varias cuestiones de higiene y salud pública. El ambiente del hogar ha sido implicado como una fuente importante de propagación de enfermedades infecciosas, y la intervención de las medidas de higiene, implican una reducción de la incidencia, especialmente en los países menos desarrollados y en poblaciones vulnerables como las gestantes. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre la práctica de hábitos higiénicos de las gestantes estrato 1 y 2 de las localidades de Usaquén y Kennedy en relación a sus factores socioeconómicos. Métodos: Estudio Analítico de Corte transversal. Se realizó en las gestantes de los estratos 1 y 2 de las localidades de Usaquén y Kennedy en la ciudad de Bogotá. Se recolectaron datos referentes a factores socioeconómicos y hábitos de higiene de 141 gestantes a través de la aplicación de una encuesta. Los datos obtenidos de las variables de interés fueron procesados a través de análisis multivariado y regresión logística paramétrica y no paramétrica, con el fin de establecer si existía asociación o no entre las mismas. Resultados: Existe asociación entre el número de Nacidos vivos y la presencia de plagas (p=0.034 y Coeficiente de correlación: -1.253). Así mismo se encontró asociación habitar en cuartos rentados y la limpieza de casa general (p=0.008 y Coeficiente de correlación: 0.480). Existe una asociación entre la variable edad y el lavado de frutas (p=0.041 y Coeficiente de correlación: 0.384). Conclusiones: Existe relación entre los hábitos higiénicos y los factores socioeconómicos de las gestantes estudiadas. Existe un mayor hábito de lavado de frutas antes de ser consumidas en gestantes de mayor edad. Adicional a esto se evidencia a mayor número de hijos hay menor presencia de plagas en el hogar y mayor limpieza del hogar. Solo en un pequeño porcentaje de los hogares se evidencio una óptima limpieza, por lo cual se deben plantear más políticas para mejorar la higiene de los mismos ya que los datos reportados permanecen subóptimos en la población seleccionada.

Clínica e cirurgia de equinos

O presente relatório tem como objetivo a descrição das atividades desenvolvidas no âmbito do estágio curricular do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária pela Universidade de Évora realizado de 15 de novembro de 2015 a 15 de maio de 2016. Na primeira parte descreve a casuística acompanhada durante o estágio na Equimuralha, com destaque para alguns casos mais relevantes de cada área da clinica e cirurgia de equinos. Posteriormente a revisão bibliográfica com o tema Parasitismo de Gasterophilus spp. em Cavalos. Culminando com um estudo retrospetivo referente aos dados de equinos que apresentaram míase oral durante o exame da cavidade oral e correção da mesa dentária de 2014 a 2016 com o tema: “Estudo do parasitismo por Gasterophilus spp. na cavidade oral de cavalos no Alentejo”; Equine Clinics and Surgery Abstract: This report describes the activities developed the integrated internship of the master’s degree in Veterinary Medicine from the University of Évora, which was held from 15th November 2015 to 15th May 2016. The first part describes the casuistics followed during the traineeship in Equimuralha, highlighting some cases of each area of intervention of the equine clinics and surgery. A Second part contains a literature review on the Parasitism of Gasterophilus in horses. Finally, a retrospective study is performed about horses presenting oral miasis between 2014 and 2016 during the oral examination: “Parasitism study by Gasterophilus spp. in the oral cavity of horses in Alentejo”.

Characterization of glutathione S transferases from the plant-parasitic nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

We have previously identified two secreted glutathione S-transferases (GST) expressed in the pharyngeal gland cell of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which are upregulated post infection of the host. This study examines the functional role of GSTs in B. xylophilus biology. We analysed the expression profiles of all predicted GSTs in the genome and the results showed that they belong to kappa and cytosolic subfamilies and the majority are upregulated post infection of the host. A small percentage is potentially secreted and none is downregulated post infection of the host. One secreted protein was confirmed as a functional GST and is within a cluster that showed the highest expression fold change in infection. This enzyme has a protective activity that may involve host defences, namely in the presence of terpenoid compounds and peroxide products. These results suggest that GSTs secreted into the host participate in the detoxification of host-derived defence compounds and enable successful parasitism.

Host-parasite interaction between crustaceans of six fish species from the Brazilian Amazon.

Host-parasite interactions between crustaceans and six fish species (Psectrogaster falcata, Ageneiosus ucayalensis, Acestrorhynchus falcirostris, Hemiodus unimaculatus, Serrasalmus gibbus and Geophagus proximus) from a reservoir in eastern Amazon, northern Brazil, were investigated. Eight hundred and seventy-eight parasites belonging to three crustacean species, Excorallana berbicensis, Argulus chicomendesi and Ergasilus turucuyus, which parasitized the hosts? mouth, gills and tegument, were collected from 295 fish and examined. High infestation levels were caused by E. berbicensis on the body surface of the hosts. Excorallana berbicensis showed aggregate dispersion, except in S. gibbus, while E. turucuyus showed random dispersion in A. falcirostris. The host?s sex did not influence infestation by E. berbicensis, and high parasitism failed to affect the body conditions of the fish. In the case of some hosts, rainfall rates, temperature, dissolved oxygen levels and water pH affected the prevalence and abundance of E. berbicensis, the dominant parasite species. Results revealed that the environment and life-style of the hosts were determining factors in infestations by parasites. Current assay is the first report on E. berbicensis for the six hosts, as well as on A. chicomendesi for G. proximus and P. falcata.

Histopathology from liver of tuvira (Gymnotus spp.) parasitized by larvae of nematodes.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological changes in the liver of thirty-five Gymnotus spp. parasitized by endohelminths collected between April 2012 to October 2013 in commercial bait fish farming of Pantanal basin. Histological cuts of 7?m were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for parasites research and liver changes and have also been submitted to the Perls histochemical method for evaluation of hemosiderosis (Fe+++) based on the incidence degree and severity of change (Grade I, II and III) and tests for the presence of central melanomacrophages. Parasites identified were: Brevimulticaecum sp. with a prevalence of 22,9%, Eustrongylides sp 17,1%, Contracaecum type I 68,7%, Contracaecum type II 5,7%, Contracaecum type III 5,7% and larvae of Anisakidae 11,4%. Histological analysis showed intense disorganization of hepatic parenchyma with degenerate hepatocytes due to high parasitic infection, changes that can be deleterious and compromise the organism functioning, being harmful to the health of evaluated animals. Also evidencing normal tissue interleaved with different stages of Fe+++ deposit in grades II and III, injuring or destroing the cell. Histopathological changes in the tuvira?s liver suggested a chronic response and the development of a balance relation between tuvira and parasitism by endohelminth identified in this study. There are also a testimony to the health condition of commercial bait fish farming on current ecosystem conditions.

Biology of Fopius arisanus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Two Species of Fruit Flies.

2016