898 resultados para Paper chemicals


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Fats and oils are very important raw materials and functional ingredients for several food products such as confectionery, bakery, ice creams, emulsions, and sauces, shortenings, margarines, and other specially tailored products. Formulated products are made with just about every part of chemistry, but they are not simple chemicals. In general, they consist of several, and often many, components. Each of these components has a purpose. Most formulated products have a micro- or nano-structure that is important for their function, but obtaining this structure is often the big challenge. Due to a rise in overweight or obesity, health concerns have increased. This fact has led to the need to the develop products with low fat content, which have become a market trend. In addition, the development of new products using fat substitutes can be a good option for companies that are always trying to reduce costs or substitute trans fat or saturated fat. However, the successful development of these products is still a challenge because fat plays multiple roles in determining the desirable physicochemical and sensory attributes, and because the consumers who want or need to replace these ingredients, seek products with similar characteristics to those of the original product. Important attributes such as smooth, creamy and rich texture; milky and creamy appearance; desirable flavor; and satiating effects are influenced by the droplets of fat, and these characteristics are paramount to the consumer and consequently crucial to the success of the product in the market. Therefore, it is important to identify commercially viable strategies that are capable of removing or reducing fat content of food products without altering their sensory and nutritional characteristics. This paper intended to provide an overview about the role of fat in different food systems such as chocolate, ice cream, bakery products like biscuits, breads, and cakes considering the major trends of the food industry to meet the demands of modern society.

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Diplomityön tavoitteena on löytää UPM Kymin paperikone 8:n ensimmäisen kuivatusryhmän johtoteloihin kulumis- ja korroosiokestävämpi materiaali ja pinnoite vallitsevaan olosuhteeseen. Teloihin muodostuu pistemäistä korroosiota ja korroosioalue on paikallinen. Korroosiota syntyy kuivatusviiran alueella, jossa ei ole paperirainaa. Työssä suoritetaan kuivatusosan olosuhdemittauksia ja tutkitaan niiden vaikutuksia korroosion muodostumiseen. Suoritettavat olosuhdemittaukset ovat huuvan ilmatase, paineen 0-taso sekä lämpötilat ja kosteudet eri huuvan osissa. Savukaasumittauksen avulla tutkitaan huuvan ilmankiertoa ensimmäisen kuivatusryhmän viiranjohtotelojen läheisyydessä. Kuivatusviiran ilmanläpäisymittauksen avulla saadaan tietoa viiran ilmanläpäisykyvystä. Hypoteesina viiran tukkeutuminen johtuu pölyävästä kuivaus-prosessista ja kosteudesta. SEM/EDS-alkuainemittauksen avulla pystytään analysoimaan korrosiivisia alkuaineita niin korroosioalueella kuin ympäristössä. Työn tutkimuksen perusteella korroosion muodostuminen aiheutuu tukkeutuneen viiran muodostamasta happipitoisuuseroalueesta. Viiran saostumat sisältävät korrosiivisia kemikaaleja, kuten kloridia, rikkiä ja mangaania. Nämä kiihdyttävät korroosiota happipuutosalueella. Huuvan olosuhdemittauksien perusteella huuvan paineen 0-taso on vino. Savukaasu- ja kosteusmittauksien avulla huomattiin kostean ilman jäävän telojen läheisyyteen. Työssä kehitettiin paineilmapuhdistin viiran reuna-alueen puhdistamiseen. Kaavattaviin telapositioihin valittiin kobolttikromiseostettu volframikarbidipinnoite PTFE -fluoripolymeeritiivistyksellä. Muihin telapositioihin valittiin ETFE –fluori-polymeeripinnoite korroosion ehkäisemiseksi. Pinnoitteiden ja paineilmapuhdistimen avulla telojen käyttöaika nousee nykyisestä kahdesta vuodesta tavoiteltuun 10 vuoteen.

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Tutkimuksessa käsitelty kemikaalitehdas on 110 kV:n kantaverkkoon liittyvä tehointensiivinen teollisuuslaitos. Prosessien käyttöön mukautetut sähkönjakeluverkon yliaaltosuodattimet ja niiden käyttökytkennät ovat tärkeässä asemassa loistehon tuoton hallitsemiseksi liittymän loistehoikkunaan ja riittävän yliaaltosuodatuksen järjestämiseksi häviöt minimoiden. Kohteena olleen kemikaalitehtaan sähkönjakeluverkon kompensointia ja yliaaltosuodatusta on viimeksi tutkittu vuonna 2003. Tämän jälkeen verkostokomponentit ovat ikääntyneet, prosessien käyttö sekä pienjänniteverkko ovat muuttuneet ja tehdasta käyttävät osittain eri henkilöt. Nykytilaselvitykselle ja verkon kehityskohteiden analysoinnille on tullut tarve edellisen selvityksen jatkoksi. Tutkimus painottuu vahvasti kenttämittauksiin, joiden perusteella sekä kirjallisuutta ja tehtaan järjestelmiä hyödyntäen määritetään loistehotasot verkon keskeisimmissä kohteissa pien-, keski- ja suurjännitetasoilla. Tutkimuksessa esitetään lipeätehtaan suotimien uudelleenjärjestely 4. yliaallon vähentämiseksi ja yksikkökoon pienentämiseksi. Kantaverkon liittymäpisteen tilanne oli hyväksyttävä. Tutkimus esittää pienjännitekompensointia KF-4-100 keskukseen varayhteyden kapasiteettia lisäten. Tutkimus tuotti yleistietoutta verkon käytöstä ja selvitti parhaat käyttökytkennät loistehoikkunan hallitsemiseksi ilman loistehokustannuksia.

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This master thesis presents a study on the requisite cooling of an activated sludge process in paper and pulp industry. The energy consumption of paper and pulp industry and it’s wastewater treatment plant in particular is relatively high. It is therefore useful to understand the wastewater treatment process of such industries. The activated sludge process is a biological mechanism which degrades carbonaceous compounds that are present in waste. The modified activated sludge model constructed here aims to imitate the bio-kinetics of an activated sludge process. However, due to the complicated non-linear behavior of the biological process, modelling this system is laborious and intriguing. We attempt to find a system solution first using steady-state modelling of Activated Sludge Model number 1 (ASM1), approached by Euler’s method and an ordinary differential equation solver. Furthermore, an enthalpy study of paper and pulp industry’s vital pollutants was carried out and applied to revise the temperature shift over a period of time to formulate the operation of cooling water. This finding will lead to a forecast of the plant process execution in a cost-effective manner and management of effluent efficiency. The final stage of the thesis was achieved by optimizing the steady state of ASM1.

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The purpose of this Master’s thesis is to study value co-creation in emerging value network. The main objective is to examine how value is co-created in bio-based chemicals value network. The study provides insights to different actors’ perceived value in the value network and enlightens their motivations to commit to the collaborative partnerships with other actors. Empirical study shows that value co-creation is creation of mutual value for both parties of the relationship by combining their non-competing resources to achieve a common goal. Value co-creation happens in interactions, and trust, commitment and information sharing are essential prerequisites for value co-creation. Value co-creation is not only common value creation, but it is also value that emerges for each actor because of the co-operation with the other actor. Even though the case companies define value mainly in economic terms, the other value elements like value of the partnership, knowledge transfer and innovation are more important for value co-creation.

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On February 29, 1912 The Ontario Paper Company Limited was incorporated under the leadership of Col. Robert R. McCormick. Four months later construction began in Thorold, Ontario as this location was best for the abundance of power and water and water transportation. The first machine was started at the mill on September 5, 1913. The mill was one of the most advanced of its era, using electricity instead of water power. The mill was also the first of its kind as it combined pulp and paper making instead of separating the two operations.

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The Q.N.S. [Quebec North Shore Paper Company] newsprint mill started in 1937 at Baie Comeau in Quebec. Being the first major industry in that area at the time, harbour facilities, a power station and an entire community was built around the mill. In 1952, a power station was built at the first falls of the Manicouagan River. The station generated much more power than necessary for the mill, but attracted an aluminum smelter a few years later in 1958.

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This issue of Pleasant Hours: a paper for young folk contains an article titled "The Story of Queenston Heights".

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A letter from The Ontario Paper Co., Limited of Thorold, Ontario. The letter, dated 15 August 1949, celebrates the Thirtieth Anniversary of association between Arthur A. Schmon and the paper company. The letter praises the work of Mr. Schmon, "a leader of progressive thinking and action, a man with a true sense of values, sound judgement and a deep sense of justice". There are ten signatures at the bottom of the letter.

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A photograph at Baie Comeau with the caption "Cement hoist at work on paper store house construction".