Abridged scientific publications from Kodak Laboratories.

An abridgement of articles previously published in various scientific journals.

Grundriss der unorganischen chemie /

Each volume has also special t.-p.

Chemical abstracts.

"A publication of the Chemical Abstracts Service."

Lehrbuch der chemie.

bd. 1. Anorganische chemie 5. mitbesonderer berucksichtigung der neuren theorien bearbeitete, verbeserte auflage.--bd. 2. Organische chemie, 4 ... auflage.--bd. 3. Physiologische chemie, 3 ... auflage.

Die Pflanzenchemie : ein Handbuch für Ärzte und Apotheker /

Unter theilweiser Zugrundelegung von Thomson's Organic chemistry ...

Physical properties of chemical compounds.

Mode of access: Internet.

Lexikon der Kohlenstoff-Verbindungen,

Followed by: Literatur-Register der organischen Chemie, geordnet nach M. M. Richter's Formelsystem. Hrsg. von der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, redigiert von Robert Stelzner. 1. Bd., 1913.

Chemical abstracts.

"A publication of the Chemical Abstracts Service."

Eminent chemists of our time,

"References" at end of each chapter.

Anleitung zur analyse organischer körper,

Mode of access: Internet.

Bulletin de la Société chimique de France

Mode of access: Internet.

Nucleophilic substitution reactions of pyranose polytosylates

The 2,3,4-tri-toluenesulfonate ester derivatives of the methyl pyranosides of L-arabinose, D-ribose, D-lyxose, and D-xylose have been prepared, and their substitution reactions with various nucleophiles have been examined. For arabinose, xylose, and ribose, highly regioselective monosubstitutions were observed with benzoate, nitrite, and azide anions. These reactions have led to short and simple routes from D-xylose to L-arabinose derivatives, from L-arabinose to D-xylose derivatives, and from D-ribose to L-lyxose derivatives. The tritosylate derived from methyl alpha-D-lyxopyranoside was unreactive toward nucleophilic substitution reactions, giving instead a dihydropyran product arising from an initial E2 elimination reaction of the 2-tosylate.

Development of lipid-core-peptide (LCP) based vaccines for the prevention of the group A streptococcal (GAS) infection

Traditional vaccines consisting of whole attenuated micro-organisms. or microbial components administered with adjuvant, have been demonstrated as one of the most cost-effective and successful public health interventions. Their use in large scale immunisation programs has lead to the eradication of smallpox, reduced morbidity and mortality from many once common diseases, and reduced strain on health services. However, problems associated with these vaccines including risk of infection. adverse effects, and the requirement for refrigerated transport and storage have led to the investigation of alternative vaccine technologies. Peptide vaccines, consisting of either whole proteins or individual peptide epitopes, have attracted much interest, as they may be synthesised to high purity and induce highly specific immune responses. However, problems including difficulties stimulating long lasting immunity. and population MHC diversity necessitating multiepitopic vaccines and/or HLA tissue typing of patients complicate their development. Furthermore, toxic adjuvants are necessary to render them immunogenic. and as such non-toxic human-compatible adjuvants need to be developed. Lipidation has been demonstrated as a human compatible adjuvant for peptide vaccines. The lipid-core-peptide (LCP) system. incorporating lipid adjuvant, carrier, and peptide epitopes, exhibits promise as a lipid-based peptide vaccine adjuvant. The studies reviewed herein investigate the use of the LCP system for developing vaccines to protect against group A streptococcal (GAS) infection. The studies demonstrate that LCP-based GAS vaccines are capable of inducing high-titres of antigen specific IgG antibodies. Furthermore. mice immunised with an LCP-based GAS vaccine were protected against challenge with 8830 strain GAS.

Transdermal delivery of a tetrapeptide: Evaluation of passive diffusion

Skin penetration of the tetrapeptide Ac-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-NH2 was assessed. This peptide sequence fits the P-P-1 subsites of elastase and inhibits human neutrophil elastase competitively. Consequently this peptide may be therapeutically useful in a variety of inflammatory disorders, including psoriasis. in which elevated levels of human neutrophil elastase have been reported. Peptide penetration was assessed across whole human skin, whole skin with the stratum corneum removed by tape stripping and epidermis, which had been removed from the dermis by heat separation. The influence of 75% aqueous ethanol as a potential penetration enhancer of the tetrapeptide across epidermis was also assessed. The tetrapeptide did not penetrate whole human skin or epidermis, even under the influence of 75% aqueous ethanol. However, when the stratum corneum was removed tetrapeptide flux of 73.39 mug cm(-2) h(-1) was achieved. The study demonstrates that the stratum corneum is the main barrier to tetrapeptide skin penetration and must be overcome if therapeutically relevant amounts of tetrapeptide are to be delivered to the skin.