A randomized clinical trial of mupirocin in the eradication of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in human immunodeficiency virus disease

Seventy-six human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage were randomized to treatment groups receiving intranasal mupirocin or placebo twice daily for 5 days. Nasal cultures for S. aureus were obtained at 1, 2, 6, and 10 weeks after therapy. At 1 week, 88% of mupirocin-treated patients had negative nasal cultures compared with 8% in placebo patients (P<.001). The percentage of mupirocin-treated patients with persistently negative nasal cultures decreased over time (63%, 45%, and 29% at 2, 6, and 10 weeks, respectively) but remained significantly greater than the placebo group (3% at 2, 6, and 10 weeks). In mupirocin-treated patients, most (16/19) instances of nasal recolonization were with pretreatment strains (determined by means of by pulsed field gel electrophoresis); mupirocin resistance was not observed. Five days of treatment with mupirocin eliminated S. aureus nasal carriage in HIV-infected patients for several weeks; however, since the effect waned over time, intermittent dosing regimens should be considered for long-term eradication.

Bovine Staphylococcus aureus: association of virulence genes, genotypes and clinical outcome

Based on our clinical experience on bovine mastitis, we hypothesized that subtypes of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) exist which differ in their contagious and pathogenic properties. In order to investigate this hypothesis, we analyzed strains of S. aureus isolated from spontaneous intramammary infection (IMI) with their virulence gene patterns and genotypes obtained by PCR amplification of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer (RS-PCR). The genotypes were then associated with epidemiological and clinical data including 26 herds. The results demonstrated a high association between genotypes and virulence gene patterns as well as between epidemiological and pathogenic properties of S. aureus. In particular, genotype B was related to high contagiosity and increased pathogenicity whereas the other types (C, OG) were found with infection of single cows. Because of the high clinical relevance, our results indicate the need to subtype the IMI-associated strains of S. aureus in the future.

The characterization of an epithelial chloride channel and purification of a channel component

A membrane fraction (M$\sb{\rm PS}$), enriched in Cl$\sp-$ channels, has been isolated from bovine tracheal epithelia and renal cortex homogenates by hydrophobic chromatography. The tracheal fraction shows a 37 fold enrichment of Cl$\sp-$ channels over crude tracheal homogenates by net Cl$\sp-$ measurements in membrane vesicles. Alkaline phosphatase and (Na$\sp+$ + K$\sp+$)-ATPase are not found in these membranes, suggesting that they are not apical or basolateral plasma membranes. The M$\sb{\rm PS}$ fraction exhibits a protein profile unlike that of other membrane fractions with major proteins of 200 kDa and 42 kDa, proteins of 30 to 35 kDa, and lesser amounts of other proteins. Reconstitution of M$\sb{\rm PS}$ fractions from both trachea and kidney into planar lipid bilayers demonstrates the presence of a single type of anion channel. The current-voltage relationship of this channel is linear with a slope conductance of 84 pS in symmetrical 400 mM KCl, and is identical to that of the predominant anion channel observed in tracheal apical membranes under similar conditions (Valdivia, Dubinsky, and Coronado. Science, 1988). In addition, the voltage dependence, selectivity sequence of Cl$\sp- >$ Br$\sp- \ge$ I$\sp-$, and inhibition by low concentrations of the Cl$\sp-$ channel blocker, DIDS, correspond to those of the predominant apical membrane channel. Thus, although the M$\sb{\rm PS}$ fraction appears to be of subcellular origin, it may be functionally related to an apical membrane Cl$\sp-$ permeability. When renal M$\sb{\rm PS}$ membranes were treated with the detergent octyl-glucoside (OG, 2%) and centrifuged, the supernatant, sM$\sb{\rm PS}$, showed a 2 to 7-fold enrichment in specific Cl$\sp-$ flux activity compared with the detergent treated M$\sb{\rm PS}$. These solubilized proteins were then size fractionated on a Superose 12 HPLC gel filtration column, followed by fractionation on a Mono Q HPLC anion exchange column. Fractions that eluted in high salt consistently exhibited significant Cl$\sp-$ flux activity. These fractions had protein profiles consisting of a major band at 34 kDa, a band at 66 kDa, and variable faint bands. Fractions eluting in lower salt had protein profiles consisting of a single band at 34 kDa, and often had little or no Cl$\sp-$ flux activity. However, co-reconstitution of the low salt, solely 34 kDa protein-containing Mono Q fractions with sM$\sb{\rm PS}$ resulted in an enhancement of flux activity compared to that of sM$\sb{\rm PS}$ reconstituted alone. Flux assays of active Mono Q fractions showed that the channel retained its DIDS sensitivity. Applying sM$\sb{\rm PS}$ to a DIDS-affinity column and eluting with salt resulted in fractions with protein profiles again consisting of at least one major band at 34 kDa, a band at 66 kDa, and variable faint bands. Co-reconstitution with sM$\sb{\rm PS}$ again resulted in an enhancement of activity. Thus, the 34 kDa protein appears to be a component of the M$\sb{\rm PS}$ Cl$\sp-$ channel. ^

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 7 - Korrespondenzen u.a. mit Familie Cahn (p. I 4, 1-297a)

1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an die Cadillac Motor Division, 05.06.1939; 148 Briefe zwischen Erwin Cahn, Lotte Cahn, Ilse Cahn, Max Cahn, Lilo Cahn, Lina Cahn und Max Horkheimer, 1938-1942; 10 Briefe zwischen dem Transmigration Bureau og the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee und Friedrich Pollock, 1941-1942; 3 Briefe zwischen dem National Refugee Service und Max Horkheimer, 07.04.1941, 1941; 1 Brief von Julius S. Bach an die National City Bank of New York, 27.06.1940; 1 Brief von Julius S. Bach an den American Consul General Berlin, 15.04.1940; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Julius S. Bach, 15.05.1940; 16 Briefe von Max Horkheimer an den American Consul General Stuttgart, 1938-1941; 2 Briefe zwischen der Auswandererstelle Marx und Max Horkheimer, 02.06.1941; 5 Briefe zwischen dem Reisebüro Anselm Stuttgart und Max Horkheimer, 1941; 9 Briefe zwischen der Sapt A.G und Max Horkheimer, 1940-1941; 3 Briefe zwischen Emanuel Green und Max Horkheimer, 26.09.1940, 1940; 3 Briefe zwischen der Zweigstelle Wüttemberg der Reichsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland und Max Horkheimer, 1940, 19.09.1940; 2 Briefe zwischen der Auswandererstelle Adler und Max Horkheimer, 25.05.1940; 2 Briefe von Max Horkheimer an den American Consul General Berlin, 1939; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an S. Klein, 20.03.1939; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an den Collector of Customs, 27.02.1939; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Ludwig Lewisohn,. 03.01.1939; 1 Brief von Friedlaender an Kahn, 15.12.1938; 1 Brief von Erwin Cahn an Max Horkheimer, 07.02.1935;

Na 50 Nachlass Arthur Schopenhauer - 'Schopenhauer-Archiv', 250 - Antwortschreiben über die Verkaufsbedingungen der mexikanischen Anleihen

u.a.: Conversion of mexican Bonds;

Ein-akṭers

Jankev Gordin

TURNOVER RATE OF THE NEURONAL CONNEXIN CX36 IN HELA CELLS

Electrical synapses formed of the gap junction protein Cx36 show a great deal of functional plasticity, much dependent on changes in phosphorylation state of the connexin. However, gap junction turnover may also be important for regulating cell-cell communication, and turnover rates of Cx36 have not been studied. Connexins have relatively fast turnover rates, with short half-lives measured to be 1.5 to 3.5 hours in pulse-chase analyses of connexins (Cx26 and Cx43) in tissue culture cells and whole organs. We utilized HaloTag technology to study the turnover rate of Cx36 in transiently transfected HeLa cells. The HaloTag protein forms irreversible covalent bonds with chloroalkane ligands, allowing pulse-chase experiments to be performed very specifically. The HaloTag open reading frame was inserted into an internal site in the C-terminus of Cx36 designed not to disrupt the regulatory phosphorylation sites and not to block the C-terminal PDZ interaction motif. Functional properties of Cx36-Halo were assessed by Neurobiotin tracer coupling, live cell imaging, and immunostaining. For the pulse-chase study, transiently transfected HeLa cells were pulse labeled with Oregon Green (OG) HaloTag ligand and chase labeled at various times with tetramethylrhodamine (TMR) HaloTag ligand. Cx36-Halo formed large junctional plaques at sites of contact between transfected HeLa cells and was also contained in a large number of intracellular vesicles. The Cx36-Halo transfected HeLa cells supported Neurobiotin tracer coupling that was regulated by activation and inhibition of PKA in the same manner as wild-type Cx36 transfected cells. In the pulse-chase study, junctional protein labeled with the pulse ligand (OG) was gradually replaced by newly synthesized Cx36 labeled with the chase ligand (TMR). The half-life for turnover of protein in junctional plaques was 2.8 hours. Treatment of the pulse-labeled cells with Brefeldin A (BFA) prevented the addition of new connexins to junctional plaques, suggesting that the assembly of Cx36 into gap junctions involves the traditional ER-Golgi-TGN-plasma membrane pathway. In conclusion, Cx36-Halo is functional and has a turnover rate in HeLa cells similar to that of other connexins that have been studied. This turnover rate is likely too slow to contribute substantially to short-term changes in coupling of neurons driven by transmitters such as dopamine, which take minutes to achieve. However, turnover may contribute to longer-term changes in coupling.

Miradas que interpelan la intervención social : repensando las trayectorias del Trabajo Social en torno a la formación académica, la producción de conocimientos y los proyectos ético-políticos

El artículo presenta algunos resultados acerca de la investigación sobre la construcción de proyectos ético-políticos y su relación con las políticas sociales y la reconfiguración de lo social. Pretende aportar a la comprensión del Trabajo Social como sujeto colectivo y al análisis de la incidencia de dichos proyectos en la formación profesional y en la producción de conocimientos) como modos de interpelación a la intervención social desde diversas miradas. Debatir acerca de la actuación profesional del Trabajo Social supone cuestionar la formación que debe brindar la universidad teniendo en cuenta los atravesamientos socio-políticos y las transformaciones societales, desde una mirada socio-histórica que permita reconocer y valorar su trayectoria y los aspectos emergentes.

Geochemistry of surface and groundwaters from lower Tom Basin wetland, western Siberia

New data are reported on the major- and trace-component compositions of acidic and weakly acidic low-concentration wetland waters and other water types. Special attention was given to dissolved organic compounds: fulvic and humic acids, bitumens, and hydrocarbons. The first comprehensive data are presented for organic trace components in the wetland waters of western Siberia: alkanes, pentacyclic terpenoids, steranes, alkylbenzenes, naphthalenes, phenanthrenes, tetraarenes, etc.

Composition of swamp waters from the lower Tom' River Basin

New data on chemical and trace component compositions of acidic and low acidic swamp waters and other types of low mineralized waters are reported in the paper. Special attention is paid to dissolved organic compounds: fulvic and humic acids, bitumen, and hydrocarbons. For the first time detailed data on organic trace components (alkanes, pentacyclic terpenoids, steranes, alkylbenzenes, naphthalenes, phenanthrenes, tetraarenes, etc.) in the swamp waters of the Western Siberia: are reported.