986 resultados para Millet, Catherine


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Elderly individuals display a rapid age-related increase in intraindividual variability (IIV) of their performances. This phenomenon could reflect subtle changes in frontal lobe integrity. However, structural studies in this field are still missing. To address this issue, we computed an IIV index for a simple reaction time (RT) task and performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including voxel based morphometry (VBM) and the tract based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in 61 adults aged from 22 to 88 years. The age-related IIV increase was associated with decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) as well as increased radial (RD) and mean (MD) diffusion in the main white matter (WM) fiber tracts. In contrast, axial diffusion (AD) and grey matter (GM) densities did not show any significant correlation with IIV. In multivariate models, only FA has an age-independent effect on IIV. These results revealed that WM but not GM changes partly mediated the age-related increase of IIV. They also revealed that the association between WM and IIV could not be only attributed to the damage of frontal lobe circuits but concerned the majority of interhemispheric and intrahemispheric corticocortical connections.

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Objective Biomonitoring of solvents using the unchanged substance in urine as exposure indicator is still relatively scarce due to some discrepancies between the results reported in the literature. Based on the assessment of toluene exposure, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of some steps likely to bias the results and to measure urinary toluene both in volunteers experimentally exposed and in workers of rotogravure factories. Methods Static headspace was used for toluene analysis. o-Cresol was also measured for comparison. Urine collection, storage and conservation conditions were studied to evaluate possible loss or contamination of toluene in controlled situations applied to six volunteers in an exposure chamber according to four scenarios with exposure at stable levels from 10 to 50 ppm. Kinetics of elimination of toluene were determined over 24 h. A field study was then carried out in a total of 29 workers from two rotogravure printing facilities. Results Potential contamination during urine collection in the field is confirmed to be a real problem but technical precautions for sampling, storage and analysis can be easily followed to control the situation. In the volunteers at rest, urinary toluene showed a rapid increase after 2 h with a steady level after about 3 h. At 47.1 ppm the mean cumulated excretion was about 0.005% of the amount of the toluene ventilated. Correlation between the toluene levels in air and in end of exposure urinary sample was excellent (r = 0.965). In the field study, the median personal exposure to toluene was 32 ppm (range 3.6-148). According to the correlations between environmental and biological monitoring data, the post-shift urinary toluene (r = 0.921) and o-cresol (r = 0.873) concentrations were, respectively, 75.6 mu g/l and 0.76 mg/g creatinine for 50 ppm toluene personal exposure. The corresponding urinary toluene concentration before the next shift was 11 mu g/l (r = 0.883). Conclusion Urinary toluene was shown once more time a very interesting surrogate to o-cresol and could be recommended as a biomarker of choice for solvent exposure. [Authors]

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Loin d'être « purement allemands », nombre de contes des Grimm réécrivent les contes français largement diffusés en Allemagne au 18e siècle en les « reconfigurant » selon leurs propres paradigmes esthétiques et idéologiques. L'étude introductive de la comparatiste Ute Heidmann montre que ce dialogisme européen est resté peu exploré en raison d'une « scénographie en trompe-l'oeil » qui les présente comme issus du « terroir » hessois. Toutefois, les notes des Grimm (constituées en volume autonome dès 1822), dont une partie importante est traduite et commentée ici pour la première fois en français par Loreto Núñez, indiquent ces intertextes tout en les faisant passer pour des « correspondances » dues à une origine commune. L'étude de Jean Mainil retrace le dialogue intertextuel de Rapunzel (Raiponce) avec Persinette de La Force et Petrosinella de Basile. Les cinq études suivantes de Cyrille François, Nathalie Prince, Pascale Auraix-Jonchière, Jean-Michel Adam et Marcio Venício Barbosa retracent les dialogues intertextuels que les contes des Grimm, eux-mêmes fondamentalement intertextuels, ont sollicité à leur tour dans des textes du 19e et du 20e siècle. Elles montrent comment Hans-Christian Andersen, Jean Lorrain (dont l'étonnant conte Neigefleur est reproduit à la suite de l'étude de Nathalie Prince), Robert Walser, Henry Pourrat et les écrivains brésiliens Millôr Ferandes, Mario Prata, Chico Buarque et Guimarães Rosa inventent de nouvelles formes et des procédés intertextuels originaux en réponse aux contes des Grimm en créant de nouveaux contes originaux comme l'avaient fait les Grimm eux-mêmes en réponse aux narrateurs français. Dans les Mélanges, Veronica Bonanni prolonge ce dossier par une étude consacrée à la traduction par Collodi de L'Oiseau bleue de Marie-Catherine d'Aulnoy, qui procède également d'un véritable dialogue intertextuel.

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Bien établie dans le monde anglo-saxon, l'approche "genre" en médecine semble encore peu connue des médecins suisses. Après avoir évoqué les principales initiatives ayant permis le développement de ce domaine en Suisse, cet article retrace de quelle manière, à partir des années 1970, les sciences sociales ont distingué ce qui relève du social (le genre) de ce qui relève du biologique (le sexe) dans l'analyse du statut réservé aux femmes et aux hommes; distinction officiellement reprise deux décennies plus tard en médecine. La présentation des principales étapes historiques ayant permis l'émergence du domaine "Gender Health-Gender Medicine" se clôt sur un portrait de cette approche dont la pertinence se voit soulignée en ce début de 21e siècle par l'OMS, comme par d'autres instances officielles.

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This study was designed to assess sex-related differences in the selection of an appropriate strategy when facing novelty. A simple visuo-spatial task was used to investigate exploratory behavior as a specific response to novelty. The exploration task was followed by a visual discrimination task, and the responses were analyzed using signal detection theory. During exploration women selected a local searching strategy in which the metric distance between what is already known and what is unknown was reduced, whereas men adopted a global strategy based on an approximately uniform distribution of choices. Women's exploratory behavior gives rise to a notion of a secure base warranting a sense of safety while men's behavior does not appear to be influenced by risk. This sex-related difference was interpreted as a difference in beliefs concerning the likelihood of uncertain events influencing risk evaluation. Keywords: exploration, spontaneous strategies, sex differences, decision-making.

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PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare VO2 kinetics during constant power cycle exercise measured using a conventional facemask (CM) or a respiratory snorkel (RS) designed for breath-by-breath analysis in swimming. METHODS: VO2 kinetics parameters-obtained using CM or RS, in randomized counterbalanced order-were compared in 10 trained triathletes performing two submaximal heavy-intensity cycling square-wave transitions. These VO2 kinetics parameters (ie, time delay: td1, td2; time constant: τ1, τ2; amplitude: A1, A2, for the primary phase and slow component, respectively) were modeled using a double exponential function. In the case of the RS data, this model incorporated an individually determined snorkel delay (ISD). RESULTS: Only td1 (8.9 ± 3.0 vs 13.8 ± 1.8 s, P < .01) differed between CM and RS, whereas all other parameters were not different (τ1 = 24.7 ± 7.6 vs 21.1 ± 6.3 s; A1 = 39.4 ± 5.3 vs 36.8 ± 5.1 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1); td2 = 107.5 ± 87.4 vs 183.5 ± 75.9 s; A2' (relevant slow component amplitude) = 2.6 ± 2.4 vs 3.1 ± 2.6 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1) for CM and RS, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Although there can be a small mixture of breaths allowed by the volume of the snorkel in the transition to exercise, this does not appear to significantly influence the results. Therefore, given the use of an ISD, the RS is a valid instrument for the determination of VO2 kinetics within submaximal exercise.

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Existeix un debat continu sobre la rellevància del Virus del papiloma humà (VPH) en l’etiopatogènia de la psoriasi. S’ha reportat un elevat percentatge de detecció de VPH en pacients psoriàsics, sobretot el VPH5 i 36, suggerint que podrien correspondre a l’antigen causal de la cascada inmunològica. El propòsit de l’estudi és utilitzar un mètode ampli per a la detecció d’ADN tant de beta com gamma-papilomavirus en 30 biòpsies de pell psoriàsica i 30 biòpsies de pell sana. Avaluarem si els VPH són detectats de forma més freqüent en pell psoriàsica en comparació amb pell sana, i quins són els VPH específics més sobreexpresats.

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In this paper, we study the average crossing number of equilateral random walks and polygons. We show that the mean average crossing number ACN of all equilateral random walks of length n is of the form . A similar result holds for equilateral random polygons. These results are confirmed by our numerical studies. Furthermore, our numerical studies indicate that when random polygons of length n are divided into individual knot types, the for each knot type can be described by a function of the form where a, b and c are constants depending on and n0 is the minimal number of segments required to form . The profiles diverge from each other, with more complex knots showing higher than less complex knots. Moreover, the profiles intersect with the ACN profile of all closed walks. These points of intersection define the equilibrium length of , i.e., the chain length at which a statistical ensemble of configurations with given knot type -upon cutting, equilibration and reclosure to a new knot type -does not show a tendency to increase or decrease . This concept of equilibrium length seems to be universal, and applies also to other length-dependent observables for random knots, such as the mean radius of gyration Rg.

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La question du rêve est part intégrante de la question de la religion et intéresse de ce fait au plus haut point l'histoire comparée des religions. Non seulement les rêves ont-ils souvent été à l'origine d'une religion, mais ils sont fréquemment un de ses vecteurs principaux. En incluant la dimension onirique comme un élément constitutif du religieux et en développant des méthodes pour l'investiguer, le présent ouvrage se propose de montrer le lien consubstantiel entre religion et rêve. Les études réunies sont issues du colloque Rêves, visions révélatrices: réception et interprétation des songes dans le contexte religieux qui a eu lieu à Lausanne les 7 et 8 décembre 2000. Elles offrent des réflexions et des visions sur les rêves portant sur différentes traditions religieuses et faisant recours à des approches méthodologiques variées. L'ensemble des contributions tente de répondre à la double exigence de l'histoire des religions qui, tout en investissant un contexte religieux spécifique, se donne les moyens de réfléchir le rêve en lien à la religion dans une perspective comparative. Contenu Contenu: Maya Burger: Le rêve médiateur et l'histoire comparée des religions: une introduction - Marie-Elisabeth Handman: L'anthropologie et le rêve - Barbara Glowczewski: Sur la piste de Jukurrpa, le Dreaming australien - Hubert Knoblauch: Visions d'avenir - visions prophétiques? La province culturelle de sens, la vision d'avenir et l'ethnophénoménologie - Pierre-Yves Brandt: Fallait-il le rêver pour oser le réaliser? - Catherine Weinberger-Thomas: Rêves de morts dans l'Inde hindoue - David Gordon White: Possession, rêves et visions dans le tantrisme indien - Nicola Pozza: Le Kamayani: une épopée moderne entre rêves et visions révélatrices - Jacques Annequin: Dire le rêve, lire le rêve dans les mondes grec et romain de l'Antiquité - Yvan Bubloz: Le rêve, un réceptacle pour le vrai et le divin? Le débat de Porphyre et Jamblique sur la pertinence de l'oniromancie dans la quête de l'union au divin - Pierre Lory: «Celui qui me voit en rêve me voit dans la réalité» - Jean-Christophe Attias: Rêve, prophétie et exégèse - Philippe Bornet: «Tous les rêves vont d'après la bouche». Sur la portée de l'interprétation des rêves dans le judaïsme rabbinique. Auteur(s) - Responsable(s) de publication Les responsables de la publication: Maya Burger enseigne l'histoire des religions et le hindi à l'Université de Lausanne (Suisse). Son domaine de spécialisation est l'hindouisme médiéval et moderne. C'est dans ce domaine qu'elle a surtout publié, récemment: La perception hindoue des éléments / The Hindu Perception of the Elements. Studia Religiosa Helvetica, Jahrbuch 2000. Berne: Peter Lang (en co-édition avec P. Schreiner). Philippe Bornet est assistant et doctorant en histoire comparée des religions à l'Université de Lausanne.

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In patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) precursor cell cultures (colony-forming unit cells, CFU-C) can provide an insight into the growth potential of malignant myeloid cells. In a retrospective single-center study of 73 untreated MDS patients we assessed whether CFU-C growth patterns were of prognostic value in addition to established criteria. Abnormalities were classified as qualitative (i.e. leukemic cluster growth) or quantitative (i.e. strongly reduced/absent growth). Thirty-nine patients (53%) showed leukemic growth, 26 patients (36%) had strongly reduced/absent colony growth, and 12 patients showed both. In a univariate analysis the presence of leukemic growth was associated with strongly reduced survival (at 10 years 4 vs. 34%, p = 0.004), and a high incidence of transformation to AML (76 vs. 32%, p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis identified leukemic growth as a strong and independent predictor of early death (relative risk 2.12, p = 0.03) and transformation to AML (relative risk 2.63, p = 0.04). Quantitative abnormalities had no significant impact on the disease course. CFU- C assays have significant predictive value in addition to established prognostic factors in MDS. Leukemic growth identifies a subpopulation of MDS patients with poor prognosis.