Aircraft fuselage accessories mechanics : P-40E airplane, B-18A airplane, BC-1A airplane /

On cover: Instruction manual, February, 1942.

HIV Status and Risk Factors for Hypertension in South African Adults

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

A randomized controlled trial to assess sunscreen application and beta carotene supplementation in the prevention of solar keratoses

Background: Solar keratoses (SKs) are among the strongest determinants of skin cancer, but little is known about the success of measures to control these common skin tumors. Objective: To determine whether daily sunscreen application and/or beta carotene supplementation retards the rate of occurrence of SKs in adults in the medium term. Design: Randomized controlled trial conducted between February 1992 and August 1996. Setting: General community of the subtropical township of Nambour, Australia (latitude, 26degrees south). Participants: A total of 1621 adults aged 25 to 74 years. Interventions: Participants were randomized to daily use of sunscreen (application of a high-protection sunscreen to their head, neck, arms, and hands every morning) or application of sunscreen at their usual discretionary rate. They were also randomly assigned to take either one 30-mg tablet of beta carotene or one placebo tablet each day. Main Outcome Measure: Change in the prevalent number of SKs in the intervention group relative to change in the control group. Results: The ratio of SK counts in 1994 relative to 1992 was lower in people randomized to daily sunscreen use (1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.39) than in those randomized to discretionary sunscreen use (1.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.35-1.84). This 24% reduction is equivalent to the prevention of an average of I additional SK per person over that time. A reduction in the rate of change of SK prevalence was also seen in the sunscreen intervention group relative to the discretionary sunscreen group between 1994 and 1996, but it was not significant. No effect on the rate of change of prevalent SK counts was seen among those taking beta carotene supplements relative. to those taking placebo tablets. Conclusions: Daily application of sunscreen retarded the rate of SK acquisition among adults in a subtropical environment, while a beta carotene supplementation of 30 mg/d had no influence on the occurrence of SKs.

Long-term increase in sunscreen use in an Australian community after a skin cancer prevention trial

Background. Given the public health burden of skin cancer in white populations, an increase in sun protective behavior is needed. In a highrisk community, we assessed long-term Sunscreen use among people who had participated in a randomized trial of daily Sunscreen application for prevention of skin cancer. Methods. In 1992, 1621 residents of the subtropical Australian township of Nambour were randomly allocated to either daily or discretionary sunscreen use until 1996. From 1997 to 2002, we monitored by questionnaires their ongoing sunscreen use. Results. People who had never or irregularly used sunscreen when in summer sun before the trial were more likely (P < 0.0001) to be sustaining regular application especially to their face (20% vs. 11%) and forearms (14% vs. 5%) if they had been allocated to daily, not discretionary, use of sunscreen for 5 years. Conclusions. Regular voluntary sunscreen use for skin cancer prevention can be sustained by sun-sensitive people in the long term. Habit formation appears to be an important goal for sun protection programs among those living, or on vacation, in sunny places. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Expression of p53 tumor suppressor protein in sun-exposed skin and associations with sunscreen use and time spent outdoors: A community-based study

The p53 gene is a tumor suppressor gene that is commonly mutated in skin cancer and sun-exposed skin, and this can be detected through immunohistochemical expression of the p53 protein. The authors hypothesized that time spent outdoors is associated with p53 protein expression in human skin and that sunscreen use counteracts the association. In 1996, they investigated this in a community-based cross-sectional study in Australia. Detailed information about skin type, time spent outdoors, and sunscreen use was collected from 139 residents of a subtropical township who also provided a skin biopsy from the back of the hand for measurement of p53 expression. Increasing time spent outdoors was positively associated with immuno reactivity in the whole epidermis and in the basal layer of the epidermis. After adjustment for confounders, p53 immunoreactivity was twice as high for people who used sunscreen 1 or 2 days per week as for those who used sunscreen daily (whole epidermis: ratio estimate = 2.0, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 3.6; basal layer: ratio estimate = 1.7, 95% confidence interval: 0.9, 3.1). The authors conclude that p53 immunoreactivity in the skin is a marker of exposure to ultraviolet light in the past 6 months, but this may be mitigated by regular application of sunscreen.

Organisational learning, climate change and the tragedy of the commons in China

This paper ends with a brief discussion of climate change and suggests that a practical solution would be to transfer much of the current air, sea and long-haul trucking of intercontinental freight between China and Europe (and the USA) to maglev systems. First we review the potential of Asian knowledge management and organisational learning and contrast this against Western precepts finding that there seems to be little incentive to 'look after one's fellows' in China (and perhaps across Asia) outside of tight personal guanxi networks. This is likely to be the case in the intense production regions of China where little time is allowed for 'organisational learning' by the staff and there is little incentive to initiate 'knowledge management' by senior managers. Thus the 'tragedy of the commons' will be enacted by individuals, township, and provincial leaders upwards to top ministers - no one will care for the climate or pollution, only for their own group and their wealth creation prospects. Copyright © 2011 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

Reproducción campesina y conocimiento local en contextos de fragilidad social y ambiental : Estrategias familiares y comunitarias en la cordillera del Tentzo, México

El artículo presenta resultados de investigación realizada en la localidad de San Antonio Juárez, municipio de Tzicatlacoyan, en el estado de Puebla, México. El objetivo fue conocer las estrategias de reproducción de los grupos domésticos campesinos, asentados en entornos ambientales adversos, que presentan restricciones severas para el desarrollo de la agricultura. A partir de técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas, se pudo constatar la presencia de estrategias de reproducción distinta, a nivel de barrio, basada en el conocimiento local, la división genérica del trabajo y la organización a nivel de grupo doméstico y comunidad.

Reproducción campesina y conocimiento local en contextos de fragilidad social y ambiental : Estrategias familiares y comunitarias en la cordillera del Tentzo, México

El artículo presenta resultados de investigación realizada en la localidad de San Antonio Juárez, municipio de Tzicatlacoyan, en el estado de Puebla, México. El objetivo fue conocer las estrategias de reproducción de los grupos domésticos campesinos, asentados en entornos ambientales adversos, que presentan restricciones severas para el desarrollo de la agricultura. A partir de técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas, se pudo constatar la presencia de estrategias de reproducción distinta, a nivel de barrio, basada en el conocimiento local, la división genérica del trabajo y la organización a nivel de grupo doméstico y comunidad.

Reproducción campesina y conocimiento local en contextos de fragilidad social y ambiental : Estrategias familiares y comunitarias en la cordillera del Tentzo, México

El artículo presenta resultados de investigación realizada en la localidad de San Antonio Juárez, municipio de Tzicatlacoyan, en el estado de Puebla, México. El objetivo fue conocer las estrategias de reproducción de los grupos domésticos campesinos, asentados en entornos ambientales adversos, que presentan restricciones severas para el desarrollo de la agricultura. A partir de técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas, se pudo constatar la presencia de estrategias de reproducción distinta, a nivel de barrio, basada en el conocimiento local, la división genérica del trabajo y la organización a nivel de grupo doméstico y comunidad.

Education at last! Taiwanese grandmothers "go to school"

Language socialization is a life-long process in which individuals are continuously socialized into new roles, statuses, and practices. This process becomes more complex in multilingual contexts. However, we know little of the language socialization of older adults and we know even less of minority-speaking elders' experiences of linguistic marginalization in contemporary communicative milieus. In this ethnographic and discourse-analytic study, I examine the language socialization of non-Mandarin-speaking elderly Taiwanese women in senior adult education programs in a rural township in Taiwan. Through examining autobiographical narratives, master narratives about elders, and classroom discourses, this study explores the historical construction of their sociolinguistic marginalization and their negotiation and resistance of such marginalization. The majority of the elderly women were denied education when they were young. Some received Japanese education during the Japanese colonization period. While the uneducated and illiterate elders have a strong aspiration for learning, they are dismissed as "unable to learn" by their teachers, peer students, and community leaders. By contrast, the Japanese literate exhibit a strong learning identity associated with colonial modernity. These two groups, however, have to contend with the social stereotype associated with their non-Mandarin speaking status. Under a Mandarin-only ideology that links Mandarin with modernity, discourses that have actively mobilized the category of “illiterate” to reference the older population are part and parcel of Taiwan’s modern identity. By demonstrating how these women are treated, in official discourses and in classroom interactions, as children for their lack of Mandarin abilities, I argue that the literacy education that set out to “compensate” these women for their earlier lack of educational opportunity has paradoxically reinforced their marginalization. Further, in recent years, they have become even more marginalized as the government has prioritized the education of recent young female marriage immigrants from Southeast Asia, who are considered in charge of educating the “future sons and daughters of Taiwan.” This research demonstrates how language socialization is a contested and life-long process and calls attention to the effects of language ideologies on literacy and language education. The findings have policy implications for improving literacy and language education both within Taiwan and elsewhere in the world.

Recommendations for in-situ data Near Real Time Quality Control

With the construction of operational oceanography systems, the need for real-time has become more and more important. A lot of work had been done in the past, within National Data Centres (NODC) and International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange (IODE) to standardise delayed mode quality control procedures. Concerning such quality control procedures applicable in real-time (within hours to a maximum of a week from acquisition), which means automatically, some recommendations were set up for physical parameters but mainly within projects without consolidation with other initiatives. During the past ten years the EuroGOOS community has been working on such procedures within international programs such as Argo, OceanSites or GOSUD, or within EC projects such as Mersea, MFSTEP, FerryBox, ECOOP, and MyOcean. In collaboration with the FP7 SeaDataNet project that is standardizing the delayed mode quality control procedures in NODCs, and MyOcean GMES FP7 project that is standardizing near real time quality control procedures for operational oceanography purposes, the DATA-MEQ working group decided to put together this document to summarize the recommendations for near real-time QC procedures that they judged mature enough to be advertised and recommended to EuroGOOS.

Aplicación Web para la Comercialización y Administración de la Asociación Cooperativa de Producción Pesquera y Servicios Múltiples “Bocana Lempa - Jaltepec de R.L”, en el Cantón Las Mesas del Municipio de Tecoluca del Departamento de San Vicente.

El trabajo de graduación describe el desarrollo de una Aplicación web desarrollada para la Asociación cooperativa de producción pesquera y servicios múltiples “Bocana Lempa - Jaltepec de R.L”, en el Cantón las Mesas del municipio de Tecoluca del departamento de San Vicente, con dicha aplicación se automatizaron los procesos de las áreas de comercialización y administración de la cooperativa, los cuales son, Activo fijo, Recursos Humanos, Facturación, Inventario y el desarrollo de una página web a la que accesan los clientes para la realización de pedidos. Con el desarrollo de dicha aplicación se ha obtenido una mayor agilización en los procesos, los cuales conllevan a adquirir mayores logros entre los cuales podemos mencionar: información detallada de los movimientos de inventario, presentación de informes, mejoras en el control de activo fijo, salarios, vacaciones, permisos de los empleados, registro de pedidos realizados desde la página web, impresión de facturas y la reducción del tiempo en el desarrollo de los procesos. SUMMARY The graduation work describes the development of a web application developed for the cooperative association of fish production and multiple services "Bocana Lempa - Jaltepec RL" in the Canton Tables Township Tecoluca the department of San Vicente, with such application they automated processes as the marketing and administration of the cooperative, which are, fixed Assets, Human Resources, Billing, Inventory and development of a website that access to customers for ordering. With the development of this application has gained greater streamlining processes, which lead to acquire greater achievements among which include: detailed information on inventory movements, reporting, improved control of fixed assets, wages holidays, permits employees record orders made from the website, print invoices and time reduction in development processes. Keywords : Online ordering , fixed assets, payroll employees , billing, control fishing. The graduation work describes the development of a web application developed for the cooperative association of fish production and multiple services "Bocana Lempa - Jaltepec RL" in the Canton Tables Township Tecoluca the department of San Vicente, with such application they automated processes as the marketing and administration of the cooperative, which are, fixed Assets, Human Resources, Billing, Inventory and development of a website that access to customers for ordering. With the development of this application has gained greater streamlining processes, which lead to acquire greater achievements among which include: detailed information on inventory movements, reporting, improved control of fixed assets, wages holidays, permits employees record orders made from the website, print invoices and time reduction in development processes.

Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in type II diabetic patients in a health facility in Karachi, Pakistan

Purpose: To study the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in known diabetic patients attending the diabetes outpatient department (OPD) of Sind Government Hospital (SGH), New Karachi Township (NKT), Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out at the diabetic OPD of SGH, NKT over the period of 17 months from March 2013 to August 2014. The selected patients were interviewed based on a questionnaire; laboratory investigations were performed and examination of the eye was conducted by a specialist ophthalmologist. One hundred and fifty four (154) subjects out of 305 patients contacted fully completed the study. Stratification of the data on gender basis was done, after which one-way ANOVA, χ2 test of correlation, binary logistic regression and relative risk analyses were carried out using SPSS-20. Results: It was found that 66 % men of normal weight (χ2 = 4.667, p < 0.05) and 60.7 % overweight women (χ2 = 5.143, p < 0.05) were more likely to present with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Prevalence of DR in this target population was 42.86 % (N = 66). Background DR (56 %) and maculopathy (23 %) were more prevalent than advanced conditions of the disease. There was no gender-based preponderance for the presentation of DR (χ2 = 0.663; p > 0.05), nor was this seen in different ethnic groups. Conclusion: DR is prevalent in the target population and, therefore, emphasis should be on the education of the local population of New Karachi Township on how to attain euglycemic state with regular medication, diet and exercise to avoid development and progress of DR.

Being on the edge of a shipwreck in planning decision-making: design as an anchor and future maker

This paper investigates recent attempts to Masterplan tourism planning and landscape development of the town of Port Campbell based on the concept of community-driven tourism planning. The Masterplan process generally sought to upgrade tourism facilities and to re-plan a core part of the Great Ocean Road corridor the proposed scheme little engendered community confidence nor encouraged the use of local community public resources of the Masterplan proposed outcomes. While analyzing broad range of aspects of the township and the national park, this design thesis attempted to identify the possible initiatives and landscape development models and also applied landscape narrative theory to focus on tourism experience making and landscape with layers of content embedded such as local history, environmental stories that would enrich the experience. The need for this paper is to articulate an alternate and more robust approach to designing on the fragile coastal edge whilst engendering community engagement and ensuring their aspirations are addressed. It is main contribution is both offering an alternate process but also demonstrating the use of design as a vehicle to reach this outcome. The research gap addressed is to challenge a conventional planning practice that was very much constrained by upper-level Melbourne-based parochial and managerial imperatives than lower-level community aspirations and perspectives.

Intereses económicos y políticos versus identidad cultural del corregimiento de Belén de Bajirá

En Colombia, el ordenamiento territorial debe ser una política de estado, un instrumento estratégico para el desarrollo del país que debe tener una visión de largo plazo y debe tener como objetivos la sostenibilidad de recursos naturales, la preservación de la biodiversidad y reconocimiento de servicios eco sistémicos, la equidad en el acceso a los servicios e infraestructura, la preservación del patrimonio étnico y cultural además de incentivar la competitividad con perspectiva de responsabilidad territorial. Es precisamente en la zona de Urabá, entre el límite entre Chocó y Antioquia donde existe un corregimiento llamado Belén de Bajirá, el cual se encuentra en un conflicto territorial hace 16 años. Los dos departamentos se disputan la posesión de este corregimiento que tiene un censo de 16 mil habitantes, un inspector de policía, rector de colegio, recaudador de impuestos que no se pueden cobrar, asimilando un gobierno paralelo; este trabajo de grado busca explicar o dilucidar las causas por las cuales esta diferencia limítrofe ocurrió y dar posibles soluciones.