Effects of filtration methods on the neutralization yield of crude marine fish oil

The evaluation of filtration methods on the yield and oleochemicals characteristics on the crude fish oil from the soapstock of marine fish for purposes of nutrition has been conducted in this work. The analytical properties of the crude and the neutralized oil with three excesses of sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 20%, 40% and 60%) were carried out on two different ways with organza and the “glass wool”. The neutralization of the oil brought about a notable improvement in the analytical properties of the oil. Thus, it leads to a high quality fish oil in terms of taste, colour, odours, shelf life and market value. Based on the improved characteristics of the oil, it could be suitable for applications in pharmaceutical and food industries.

Macroalgal Defenses Against Herbivory: Causes and Consequences of Intraspecific Variation

In marine benthic communities, herbivores consume a considerable proportion of primary producer biomass and, thus, generate selection for the evolution of resistance traits. According to the theory of plant defenses, resistance traits are costly to produce and, consequently, inducible resistance traits are adaptive in conditions of variable herbivory, while in conditions of constant/strong herbivory constitutive resistance traits are selected for. The evolution of resistance plasticity may be constrained by the costs of resistance or lack of genetic variation in resistance. Furthermore, resource allocation to induced resistance may be affected by higher trophic levels preying on herbivores. I studied the resistance to herbivory of a foundation species, the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus. By using factorial field experiments, I explored the effects of herbivores and fish predators on growth and resistance of the alga in two seasons. I explored genetic variation in and allocation costs of resistance traits as well as their chemical basis and their effects on herbivore performance. Using a field experiment I tested if induced resistance spreads via water-borne cues from one individual to another in relevant ecological conditions. I found that in the northern Baltic Sea F. vesiculosus communities, strength of three trophic interactions strongly vary among seasons. The highly synchronized summer reproduction of herbivores promoted their escape from the top-down control of fish predators in autumn. This resulted into large grazing losses in algal stands. In spring, herbivore densities were low and regulated by fish, which, thus,enhanced algal growth. The resistance of algae to herbivory increased with an increase in constitutive phlorotannin content. Furthermore, individuals adopted induced resistance when grazed and when exposed to water-borne cues originating from grazing of conspecific algae both in the laboratory and in field conditions. Induced resistance was adopted to a lesser extent in the presence of fish predators. The results in this thesis indicate that inducible resistance in F. vesiculosus is an adaptation to varying herbivory in the northern Baltic Sea. The costs of resistance and strong seasonality of herbivory have likely contributed to the evolution of this defense strategy. My findings also show that fish predators have positive cascading effects on F. vesiculosus which arise via reduced herbivory but possibly also through reduced resource allocation to resistance. I further found evidence that the spread of resistance via water-borne cues also occurs in ecologically realistic conditions in natural marine sublittoral. Thus, water-borne induction may enable macroalgae to cope with the strong grazing pressure characteristic of marine benthic communities. The results presented here show that seasonality can have pronounced effects on the biotic interactions in marine benthic communities and thereafter influence the evolution of resistance traits in primary producers.

Amiral Benson [William Shepherd de la marine des États-Unis] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 58550

13-6-20, Rouen, fêtes de Jeanne d'Arc, les autorités, préfet, général Pereira [britannique], M. [Paul] Bignon [sous-secrétaire d'Etat à la Marine marchande], cardinal [Louis-Ernest] Dubois : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 59687

13-6-20, Rouen, fêtes de Jeanne d'Arc, discours de M. [Paul] Bignon [sous-secrétaire d'Etat à la Marine marchande] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 59689

Recueil de copies et de pièces originales, manuscrites et imprimées, sur la Marine (listes d'officiers, revues, états, procès de discipline, ports de Marseille, Toulon, Dunkerque, Brest, Rochefort, etc., les Galères et les Colonies) de 1663 à 1754. II Années 1663-1699. — Lettres orig. notamment du chevalier de Valbelle, Messine 1676 (p. 191), de Me Agnès de Bonvoison, Toulon 1687 (p. 576 et 588), de M. de la Planche, Boulogne 1687 (p. 582), de M. d'Argenson, Paris 1699 (p. 1002 et 1014).

Contient : Réception d'ambassadeurs (1663-1686) ; Pièces sur l'Acadie et le Canada ; « Lettera scritta da Venetia da un partiale del popolo di Messina all' Eccellentiss. Senato de quella città ». Impr. S. l. n. d., in-8° de 14 pages ; « Arrest de la Cour du Parlement contre la nommée Jeanne Moyon, veuve Jean Lesur, et autres, accusées de prostitution publique. » Impr. Paris, P.-G. Simon, 1750, in-4° de 4 pages ; Extrait de la relation envoyée par M. de Terron du combat naval du 8 janvier 1776 ; Inscriptions de l'Arsenal de Brest, par Victorin Santeul et P. Corneille ; « Discorso sopra le due comete apparse l'anno corrente 1682 gl'ultimi giorni d'agosto... dedicate all' ill. et eccell. sig. Nicolo Doria, senatore della Republica de Genova... » Impr. Gênes, Antonio Casamara, s. d., in-4° de 8 pages ; « Coppie d'une lettre qu'un François écrit à un de ses amis, contenant ce qui s'est passé à Gênes pour célébrer la naissance de Mgr le duc de Bourgogne. » Impr. Marseille, P. Mesnier, 1682, in-4° de 12 pages ; Liste des vaisseaux danois armés à Copenhague en 1683 ; « Liste des officiers qui sont dans les forts Cataracoüy et Niagara. » ; Pièces sur Cayenne ; Pêche de la baleine ; Envoi de denrées en Irlande