Message from the President of the United States, to both Houses of Congresses, at the commencement of the second session of the thirteenth congress, December 7, 1813.

Printed by Roger C. Weightman

Resolutions reported by the Military Committee, expressive of the thanks of Congress to Major General Jackson, and the troops under his command, for their gallantry and good conduct, in the defence of New Orleans

February 13, 1815. Printed by order of the Senate of the United States. Printed by Roger C. Weightman

Report of the Secretary of War: being part of the message and documents communicated to two houses of Congress at the beginning of the secondd session of the forty-sixth Congress.

UANL

Message from the President of the United States to the two Houses of Congress: at the commencement of the first session of the Thirty-ninth Congress, with the reports of the heads of departments and selections from accompanying documents

UANL

Histoire(s) et historiographie du cinéma en France : 1896-1953

Thèse de doctorat effectuée en cotutelle au Département d’histoire de l’art et d’études cinématographiques de la Faculté des arts et des sciences de l'Université de Montréal et à la Section d’histoire et esthétique du cinéma de la Faculté des lettres de l'Université de Lausanne.

Congress composition and electoral advantage

In 2003, an electoral reform changed the mechanism to assign seats in the Colombian Congress. I simulate the 2006 Senate elections using the previous assignment mechanism to determine which senators benefited from the reform, i.e. would have not been elected had the reform not been made. With the results of the simulation, I use a regression discontinuity design to compare the senators that would have been barely elected anyways with those who would have lost, but were near to be elected. I check the differences in the amount of law drafts presented, the attendance to voting sessions, and a discipline index for each senator as proxy of their legislative behavior. I find that the senators benefiting from the reform present a different legislative behavior during the 4-year term with respect to the senators that would have been elected anyways. Since the differential legislative behavior cannot be interpreted as being better (worse) politician, I examine if the behavioral difference gives them an electoral advantage. I find no difference in the electoral result of 2010 Senate election in terms of the probability of being (re)elected in 2010, the share of votes, the share of votes within their party list, and the concentration of their votes. Additionally, I check the probability of being investigated for links with paramilitary groups and I find no differences. The results suggest that political reforms can change the composition of governing or legislative bodies in terms of performance, but it does not necessarily translate into an electoral advantage.

CARTA DE LAUSANNE: CARTA PARA A PROTECÇÃO E GESTÃO DO PATRIMÓNIO ARQUEOLÓGICO, 1990

É unanimemente reconhecido que o conhecimento das origens e do desenvolvimento das sociedades humanas assume uma importância fundamental para toda a humanidade, permitindo-lhe reconhecer as suas raízes culturais e sociais. O património arqueológico constitui um testemunho essencial sobre as actividades humanas do passado. A sua protecção e gestão cuidadas são, por conseguinte, indispensáveis para permitir aos arqueólogos e a outros especialistas o seu estudo e interpretação em nome e para benefício das gerações presentes e futuras. A protecção deste património não pode basear-se exclusivamente nas técnicas da arqueologia. Exige uma base de conhecimentos e de competências profissionais e científicas mais alargadas. Alguns elementos do património arqueológico fazem parte de estruturas arquitectónicas, devendo nesse caso ser protegidos com respeito pelos critérios relativos ao património arquitectónico enunciados em 1964 na Carta de Veneza sobre a conservação e o restauro dos monumentos e sítios. Outros elementos fazem parte das tradições vivas das populações autóctones, cuja participação se torna essencial para a sua protecção e conservação. Por estas e outras razões, a protecção do património arqueológico deve assentar numa colaboração efectiva entre especialistas de diversas disciplinas. Exige ainda a cooperação dos serviços públicos, dos investigadores, das empresas privadas e do grande público.