Åland

kuv., 11 x 15 cm

Åland

kuv., 11 x 15 cm

Åland

kuv., 12 x 20 cm

Åland

kuv., 12 x 20 cm

Åland

kuv., 11 x 15 cm

Fra de tusinde Seers Land

kuv., 23 x 23 cm

Finland de billiga resornas land

kuv., 42 x 22 cm

Finnland das Land der tausend Seen

kuv., 13 x 19 cm

Seed longevity of red rice ecotypes buried in soil

Red rice is a troublesome weed in irrigated rice production and is spread through contaminated commercial rice seed and machinery. Seed dormancy is a major trait for red rice. Studies were carried out at two locations to determine red rice seed longevity in the soil of several ecotypes from four US states. Five months after burial near Beaumont, Texas only three ecotypes had viable seed (<1%) when buried at 5 cm, but 9 ecotypes had viable seed after two years when buried at 25 cm. At the thirty-sixth month after burial, ecotypes Arkansas 2, Louisiana 2 and 4, Mississippi 4 and Texas 1 had viable seeds, but at less than 1%. Freshly harvested red rice seeds buried at 12 cm near College Station, TX, survived longer than seeds placed on the soil surface. The percentage of maximum viable seeds was 2% for blackhull type Texas 4, after 17 months. In both studies, commercial rice cultivar seeds were not viable after 5 months, regardless of their position in the soil. Under farming conditions with no fallow land preparations or deep tillage, most red rice seed germinated or was dead after 2 to 3 years, with only minor variation among ecotypes.

Decentralized management of organic household wastes in the Kathmandu Valley using small-scale composting reactors

The sustainable management of municipal solid waste in the Kathmandu Valley has always been a challenging task. Solid waste generation has gone rapidly high in the Kathmandu Valley over the last decade due to booming population and rapid urbaniza-tion. Finding appropriate landfill sites for the disposal of solid wastes generated from the households of the Kathmandu Valley has always been a major problem for Nepalese government. 65 % of total generated wastes from the households of Nepal consist of organic materials. As large fractions of generated household wastes are organic in na-ture, composting can be considered as one of the best sustainable ways to recycle organ-ic wastes generated from the households of Nepal. Model Community Society Development (MCDS), a non-governmental organization of Nepal carried out its small-scale project in five households of the Kathmandu Valley by installing composting reactors. This thesis is based on this small-scale project and has used secondary data provided by MCDS Nepal for carrying out the study. Proper man-agement of organic wastes can be done at household levels through the use of compost-ing reactors. The end product compost can be used as soil conditioners for agricultural purposes such as organic farming, roof-top farming and gardening. The overall average organic waste generation in the Kathmandu Valley is found to be 0,23 kg/person/day and the total amount of organic household wastes generated in the Kathmandu Valley is around 210 Gg/yr. Produced composts from five composting reac-tors contain high amount of moistures but have sufficient amount of nutrients required for the fertility of land and plant growth. Installation of five composting reactors in five households have prevented 2,74 Mg of organic wastes going into the landfills, thus re-ducing 107 kg of methane emissions which is equivalent to 2,7 Mg of carbondioxide.

Vårt land af J. L. Runeberg

Kansinimeke: Vårt land ; Maamme ; Our Land ; Unser Land.

Vårt land af J. L. Runeberg

Nimiösivulla myös: jemte finsk och tysk öfversättning.

Charta öfver Åland : Del. C. T.

Tekijä: Christophorus Tärnström, 1711-1746, laivapastori, tutkimusmatkailija.

Accurata Utopiae tabula : das ist der neuentdeckten Schalck-Welt, oder des so offtbenannten, und doch nie erkannten Shlarraffenlandes neu erfundene lächerliche Land-Tabelle

Irtokartta

Special passcharta öfwer een deel af Österjöön begynnandes ifrån Elsnabben att utwysa Stockholms-Skärgården medh heela cousten intill Gefle, samt och den Finska Skärgården till Åbo jemwäl heela Åland

Julkaisussa: General hydrographisk chart-book öfwer Östersjön och Katte-Gatt till sin raetta figur och stoorleek