O acordo ortogr��fico da língua portuguesa e a meta de simplifica����o e unifica����o

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the Acordo Ortogr��fico da Língua Portuguesa within a historic context that continually demands simplification and unification to the orthographic fixations. The theoretical and methodological orientation is based on the metaorthography and the linguistic historiography directed towards the language orthographic issue. With this focus, a review of the Portuguese language orthographic agreements is done, paying attention not to the details of the several changes, but to the directions that governed all these orthographic agreements, concluding with an evaluation of the historical validity of this new measure.

Conhecimento de c��rie dental e doen��a periodontal de professores do ensino fundamental segundo o tipo de institui����o (p��blica ou privada)

Aim: observe the knowledge of dental caries and periodontal disease of primary schoolteachers, according to type of institution (public and private) from Araraquara city. methodology: for that participants were 113 teachers from public schools and 57 from private schools. The instrument of analysis was based on a questionnaire with closed and open questions concerning the etiology, prevention and development of dental caries and periodontal disease. Results: 97,3% of public ��s schoolteachers and 91,2% of private ��s schoolteachers answered that they knows what is dental caries, but they didn ��t answer correctly about the caries etiology as being multifactorial and about methods of prevention. Both of schoolteachers (public and private) had more sucessful when answered about bacterial plaque than periodontal disease and yours manifestation. Conclusion: the dental knowledge of schoolteachers in public and private school was evaluated and limited educational programs should be directed to both public and private schoolteachers, in order to increase the level of dental knowledge of them, so that they can act as educational agents with the children.

Uma discuss��o sobre os conceitos de fronteira e territ��rio no ensino fundamental, anos iniciais, de Geografia

P��s-gradua����o em Geografia - FCT

O papel do int��rprete de libras no ensino fundamental

The Brazilian sign language is a visual-spatial language, manifested through the hands, facial expressions and body, being considered a natural language used by the deaf community in Brazil. Thus, in a school context the knowledge of LIBRAS is fundamental to the interpreter and the deaf student, so, the role of the interpreter in the classroom is to mediate the relationship between teachers and students. The objective of this study is to investigate the importance of the interpreter in the educational process of the deaf child and try to map the possible difficulties found by him in his workspace, under his perspective in the classroom. This is a qualitative study, which had the data collection instrument as an open interview with questionnaire, dealing on issues concerning to the role and practice of the interpreter of Libras in the classroom to support the deaf student in school age. Therefore, participated in the study two interpreters of Libras who works in elementary school classrooms in the city of Ja��. The results shown that the interpreter's role is extremely important for the education of children with hearing impairment, but it's not recognized and many times not accepted by teachers and educational institutions, when its real function is respected

Os limites e as possibilidades de uma sequ��ncia did��tica: o conceito de proporcionalidade e a aprendizagem de alunos do 5�� ano do Ensino Fundamental

This study aimed to analyze the limits and possibilities of a didactic sequence, addressing the concept of proportionality in the learning of students in 5th year of elementary school. From the results of the Diagnostic Assessment Initial applied to students in a class of 5th grade of elementary school, we selected eight (8) students who participated in the constituent activities of that instructional sequence. For the development of this sequence were used theoretical elements of Genetic Epistemology (Piaget, 1990), the theory of fields of Conceptual Vergnaud (1996) and the definition of instructional sequence proposed by Zabala (1998). Finally, after 20 days of application of these activities, we applied the Diagnostic Assessment Final aimed at investigating which concepts related to proportionality were built by the participating students. By analyzing the collected data, it can be concluded the following about the possibilities of teaching sequence: 1) students who, in Diagnostica Home Assessment used the multiplication algorithm, but also did not indicate the comparison between quantities are now performing; 2) students who, in the Diagnostic Assessment Initial, used the addition algorithm, now gradually are using the multiplication algorithm; 3)students who, in the Diagnostic Assessment Initial, could not solve problems involving the idea of proportionality, are now resolving, however, still use, in large part, the addition operation as a strategy for this proportional thinking. Now, in relation to the limits of the sequence noted: 1)time sufficient to propose a higher number of problem conditions to be carried by students who may have been a trigger of construction have not through the proportional multiplication;2)the distant proposition situations of assimilation schemes (interpretation) of the students, which may have caused certain imbalance in them, preventing them from thinking about the problem situation;3)the rapid passage of...

Os objetos l��dicos em salas de aula com crian��as de ensino fundamental de 1�� ao 5�� ano

The playful objects challenge and support the child to the playful action. These actions leverage the use of imagination and fantasy, necessary skills throughout our life. These objects are ways to create situations and play day by day. Games and toys are also augmenting resources of learning processes in various areas of knowledge. However, this process does not occur spontaneously, there is a need of scientific knowledge for selection and use of these resources in educational formal processes, especially in schools. The objective of this study was to identify, classify and analyze the play material performance of a primary school of the Municipal System of Education from Bauru-SP. To attain the goal, became a literature review in indexed data bases and printed materials. Subsequently, based on the theoretical references, tools for collection and analysis of data were developed, enabling the triangulation of data collected and analyzed for the closest to the reality studied. The instruments for collecting and analyzing data: a) survey and identification of playful collection based on COL (KOBAYSHI, 2009), b) questionnaire with school teachers and c) field observations. The survey results and the triangulation of sources allowed better characterization of the collection available at the school and their uses as resources and education and recreation procedures

Livros did��ticos de língua portuguesa e representa����es de leitura a partir de suportes midi��ticos

Didactic texts compose communication and representation systems. By them societies communicate with their children, their youth, transmit them live representations, symbols, ways of understanding speeches and delimit their study fields. This article presents a discussion about the medias used by Portuguese language text books selected by the Ministry of Education Textbook National Program (PNDL ��� in Portuguese), in order to observe the foundation of actions, movements and media insertion at school. The analysis allows us to see the consolidation of an individualist profile among the strategies of using medias at school, among others aspects.

Simetria no ensino fundamental atrav��s da resolu����o de problemas: possibilidades para um trabalho em sala de aula

This paper presents an alternative way of working with the theme of symmetry in the elementary school classroom. The proposal is based on qualitative research developed in the Professional Masters degree program in Science and Mathematics Teaching. We conducted field-work consisting of applying a sequence of activities for students in the seventh grade. The sequence was developed from the perspective of mathematics teaching using problem solving, taking into consideration aspects relevant to the study of geometry, such as intuition and visualization. In carrying out the activities, the dialogues between students and teacher were recorded and later transcribed. For data analysis we used the procedures of phenomenology. When interpreting the data, we observed that the teaching of symmetry using problem-solving enhances learning. We also found that, in an investigative environment, students are able to identify properties, argue about the geometric characteristics, and justify their opinions.

A rela����o conclusiva na língua portuguesa: fun����es resumo, conclus��o e consequ��ncia

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Forma����o docente e o ensino da educa����o f��sica junto ��s crian��as com 6 anos de idade no 1�� ano do ensino fundamental: a perspectiva dos professores de educa����o f��sica

Since there are few physical education teachers working in kindergarten, now, due to the elementary school for nine years - getting children 6 years of age, this seems to be a challenge for teachers. Therefore, interested in mobilizing efforts to understand how your training is on this new context, and how is this entry of students from 6 years old in elementary school. From the perspective of the physical education teacher who is acting in this context. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze teacher training and teaching of physical education among children 6 years of age entering the first grade of elementary school from the perspective of physical education teachers who work in this field. This study was guided by the principles of qualitative research, making the collection through semi-structured interview, 11 participated in the investigation of physical education teachers working in the first grade of elementary school. The categories of analysis that have emerged from our study were: 1 Teacher training; 2 The 9-year elementary school for children 6 years of age; 3 Teaching physical education in early childhood education: Reflections on its limits and its possibilities. We can point out that physical education in school is still recognized as unimportant, although the LDB 9394/96 art. 26 �� 3, have given your requirement, this is not enough to change the scenario that presents itself. School is still considered by many as a space in which the body is separated from the cognitive. Therefore, for many, the play of children is worthless and physical education is worthless. Teachers interviewed here reveal that has focused efforts on making a better quality of physical education, especially among children 1 year, trying to meet their expectations and need characteristics of the universe of childhood

Elementos psicomotores e fatores sociais relacionados ao desenvolvimento motor e dificuldades de aprendizagem em crian��as ingressantes no ensino fundamental

In humans, psychic and motor skills are interdependent, and therefore, cannot fail to take into account the influence of a good psychomotor development in the prevention of learning difficulties. Another factor that interferes with the learning process is the social. Family problems, socioeconomic status of the child, among others, may be associated with learning difficulties and, consequently, the student's performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate through the elements of psychomotor, if a delay in neuropsychomotor development may be related to the presence of learning problems in children entering elementary school. Also, determine whether there were differences regarding the presence or absence of these difficulties in students from middle and low social class and have family problems or not. For this, we analyzed two classes of 49 students from 1 year of elementary education at a public school in the city of Bauru/SP, aged between 6 and 7 years. These students were tested for the ENE proposed by Lef��vre (1976) to assess the maturity of the nervous system. A pre-designed questionnaire was answered by the teachers of classes to know students' academic performance, learning difficulties presented by them, social status and the presence of family problems. All students participating in the survey had the term sheet signed by the parents, allowing participation in the study. To reach the results, we applied the Anova and Tukey test for comparison analysis of mean age in the performance of ENE. To investigate the existence of a relationship between performance in the ENE and learning difficulties, we used the calculation of Pearson correlation. To analyze the difference in average scores of learning disabilities in students from different social classes and among those who had family problems or not, comparative graphs were used with the averages obtained from the questionnaire answered by the teachers for each learning...

A participa����o da fam��lia como fator de influ��ncia no rendimento escolar de estudantes do ensino fundamental

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)

A geometria tridimensional apresentada nos livros did��ticos de matem��tica do 5�� ano do ensino fundamental

O presente trabalho realiza um estudo referente �� Geometria Tridimensional, no que tange a sua metodologia apresentada nos livros did��ticos de Matem��tica. Esse instrumento tem passado por um processo de avalia����o mais rigoroso nas ��ltimas d��cadas pelos ��rg��os governamentais para a promo����o do livro com qualidade o que �� importante, por��m uma análise cr��tica de seus conte��dos �� essencial para que esse instrumento torne-se adequado a cada realidade e um aliado no planejamento do educador no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da Geometria. Essa disciplina �� considerada por v��rios autores e especialista da educa����o como um conhecimento muito pertinente para a forma����o integral do aluno, ao proporcionar o desenvolvimento do racioc��nio visual, espacial e l��gico, abrangendo tamb��m a forma����o cultural e profissional. Nesse sentido, considerando a import��ncia da escolha de um livro adequado e coerente para a qualidade desse ensino, objetivouse com esse estudo realizar uma análise e reflex��o sobre os conte��dos da Geometria Tridimensional apresentada em dois livros did��ticos de matem��tica do 5�� ano do ensino fundamental submetidos aos crit��rios eliminat��rios do Programa Nacional do Livro Did��tico - PNLD (2013) e aprovado pelo Minist��rio da Educa����o. Mediante levantamento bibliogr��fico da literatura pertinente e análise de documentos oficiais foi poss��vel verificar que os mesmos apresentaram progressos em alguns aspectos atendendo de forma parcial as propostas atuais para esse ensino demonstrando que ainda precisam evoluir

O estudo de matem��tica nas salas de recursos de escolas do ensino fundamental

Conforme a Declara����o de Salamanca, toda crian��a tem direito fundamental �� educa����o, em particular aquelas com defici��ncia. Para atender a esta recomenda����o, os Estados e Munic��pios brasileiros instalaram salas de recursos (salas para atendimento especial) em diversas escolas. Esta pesquisa vem apresentar uma análise do trabalho realizado com alunos com defici��ncia nas Salas de Recurso de escolas da cidade de Rio Claro, focando o ensino de matem��tica. Foi feito um levantamento das escolas que possuem estas salas e cinco delas foram selecionadas para a realiza����o de entrevistas com os professores especialistas. O objetivo foi conversar sobre as dificuldades e potencialidades deste tipo de atendimento especializado, no que diz respeito �� matem��tica. As análises dessas entrevistas indicaram os procedimentos para o atendimento na SR e as abordagens para o ensino de matem��tica

Professores dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, pedagogia hist��rico-cr��tica e ensino de ci��ncias: investigando articula����es

P��s-gradua����o em Educa����o para a Ci��ncia - FC