First measurement of π-e→π-eγ pion virtual compton scattering

Pion virtual compton scattering (VCS) via the reaction π-e→π-eγ was observed in the Fermilab E781 SELEX experiment. SELEX used a 600 GeV/c π- beam incident on target atomic electrons, detecting the incident π- and the final state π-, electron and γ. Theoretical predictions based on chiral perturbation theory are incorporated into a Monte Carlo simulation of the experiment and are compared to the data. The number of reconstructed events (=9) and their distribution with respect to the kinematic variables (for the kinematic region studied) are in reasonable accord with the predictions. The corresponding π- VCS experimental cross section is σ=38.8±13 nb, in agreement with the theoretical expectation of σ=34.7 nb.

First observation of the doubly charmed baryon Ξcc +

The first experimental evidence for one of the six predicted baryon states which contain two valence charmed quarks-the doubly charmed baryons. As such, there were many predictions of the masses and other properties of these states. The properties of doubly charmed baryons provide a new window into the structure of baryonic matter.

Polarization of Σ+ hyperons produced by 800 GeV/c protons on Cu and Be

We show that Σ+ hyperons produced by 800 GeV/c protons on targets of Be and Cu have significant polarizations (15-20%). These polarizations persist at values of pt = 2 GeV/c and a wide range of xF. The polarizations from the Cu target are consistently less than from Be. The average ratio of the Σ+ polarization from Cu to that from Be is 0.68 ± 0.08.

The global context and the renewal of the United Nations = El contexto global y la renovación de Naciones Unidas

Introducción En esta época posterior a la guerra fría y de creciente globalización, el rol de las Naciones Unidas experimenta constantes redefiniciones y desafíos. El señor Kofi Annan, Secretario General, afirmó que las Naciones Unidas se encuentran hoy en una encrucijada, y que el momento es tan trascendente como lo fue el de su fundación, hace sesenta años. Aunque los principios fundamentales de la democracia, los derechos humanos y el estado de derecho siguen siendo universalmente aceptados y se consideran piedra angular del orden mundial, el Secretario General considera, como otros muchos, que ha llegado el momento de rediseñar su estructura básica para combinar el imperativo de la acción con la necesidad de legitimidad". En este contexto, durante la visita oficial del Secretario General a Chile en noviembre del 2003, la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) fue anfitriona de la mesa redonda "El contexto global y la renovación de las Naciones Unidas", en la que participaron la señora Tarja Halonen, Presidenta de la República de Finlandia, el señor Ricardo Lagos, Presidente de la República de Chile, y el señor Annan. Entre los invitados a este acto se encontraban miembros del cuerpo diplomático en Santiago de Chile, destacados intelectuales, representantes de la sociedad civil y académicos que enriquecieron el debate con preguntas y comentarios. Los tres líderes analizaron la situación política, económica y social del mundo de hoy en el contexto del actual proceso de reforma de las Naciones Unidas. Disertaron sobre los desafíos del desarrollo, el multilateralismo, la interdependencia de los países y su necesidad de contar con una participación ciudadana creciente y coherente en los planos local, regional y mundial. Uno de los temas centrales fue el poder, y el modo en que las Naciones Unidas pueden canalizarlo y redistribuirlo con el fin de que su ejercicio sea colectivo y civilizado. Aunque es imposible resolver en una mañana o en una sola reunión estos complejos asuntos, que en ocasiones resultan abrumadores, tenemos la esperanza de que este libro proporcione inspiración, conceptos e ideas que permitan alcanzar soluciones eficaces e innovadoras en el futuro. José Luis Machinea Secretario Ejecutivo CEPAL"

Henneguya nagelii n. sp. (Myxozoa: Myxobolidae) in Cyphocharax nagelii (Steindachner, 1881) (Teleostei: Characiformes: Curimatidae) from the Peixe's River, São Paulo State, Brazil

A new species of Myxosporea, Henneguya nagelii n. sp., is described parasitizing the gills of Cyphocharax nagelii collected from Peixe's River, São Paulo State, Brazil. Among the fish examined, 16.7 % had gills parasitized by myxosporeans. The plasmodia were white, round, or oval and measured 150-250 μm. The mature spores were fusiform and had smooth wall. The spores measurements were the following: total length, 34.5 ± 4.2 (26.4-39.9) μm; body length, 12.0 ± 0.5 (11.2-11.9) μm; body width, 4.9 ± 0.3 (4.4-5.5) μm; and caudal process length, 22.4 ± 4.0 (14.7-27.3) μm. The polar capsules were elongated and of unequal size, with lengths of 4.9 ± 0.4 (4.0-5.9) μm and 5.2 ± 0.4 (4.6-6.0) μm for the longest and shortest axes, respectively. Capsule width was 1.8 ± 0.2 (1.5-2.2) μm. Each capsule contained a polar filament with six to eight turns. There was no mucous envelope or iodinophilous vacuole. Morphometric differences between this parasite and other species of the genus Henneguya indicated that the parasite observed in C. nagelii is a new species. This is the first species of Myxosporea described in Peixe's River. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Popular sensacionalista: as estratégias discursivas do Jornal Agora São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Comunicação - FAAC

Análise e proposta de elaboração de rótulo de embalagem de agrotóxicos (herbicida) por meio de metodologia de design ergonômico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Revista CEPAL no. 118

Número especial por los 40 años de la Revista CEPAL

¿Existen diferencias en América Latina en el aporte de la educación preescolar al logro educativo futuro?: pisa 2009-2012

En este artículo se provee de evidencia sobre la existencia de diferencias en el rendimiento en pruebas académicas en la enseñanza media entre quienes asistieron al nivel inicial y quienes no lo hicieron. A partir de datos del Programa para la Evaluación Internacional de Alumnos (pisa) de 2009 a 2012 respecto de varios países latinoamericanos, se utiliza un método no paramétrico basado en la generación de contrafactuales que descompone las brechas entre factores observables y no observables. Se encuentra segregación por nivel socioeconómico en el acceso; brechas de puntajes considerables —condicionales a los controles utilizados— y más amplias mientras más tiempo se permanece en educación inicial; y diferencias importantes en las brechas entre países. En general, las brechas halladas son mayores en Lectura que en Matemáticas.

A ictiofauna associada e as condições limnológicas nun sistema de piscicultura em tanques-rede no reservatório de Nova Avanhandava(baixo Rio Tietê, SP)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Diagnóstico dos resíduos de serviços de saúde do grupo B gerados no município de Uberaba (MG)

The present work aimed to quantify the generation of group B health care`s residuals in places such as drugstores and pharmacies, in the municipality of Uberaba, MG, Brazil, as well as to identify their final destination in those places during the months of July and September, 2010. In order to also verify the medicaments generated by the whole community, some delivery campaigns were arranged to capture out-of-date medicaments at 3 drugstores. In this sense, all people who effectively looked for a pharmacy/drugstore to deposit the medicaments were invited to respond some questions, containing information about the name of the medicament, the pharmaceutical composition, the color applicable to the medicament and the expiration date. At the end of the period of research, 76 interviews were performed and 90 medicaments were observed (1.18 products per interview, in average). Results obtained suggested that pharmacies/drugstores located downtown tend to generate more medicaments than others located in the districts and periphery zones. Moreover, manipulation drugstores tend to generate more products than their conventional counterparts. Regarding the therapeutic classes, the anti-hypertensive medicaments represented the most substantial percentage of the medicaments delivered, accounting for 21,11%. However, the worst scenario tends to show that people usually do not know exactly how to discard this sort of product – about 65% of the people consulted discard chemical pharmaceutical residuals in the same place the domestic trash is thrown away – what may represent a serious risk in terms of contamination of the environment, so that a strong campaign towards the proper usage and discharge of medicaments should be strongly encouraged

Kolloidale Organisation auf lithographisch hergestellten Silanschichten

Das Ziel dieser Arbeit bestand darin, neue Möglichkeiten der Strukturbildung auf Oberflächen durch Selbstorganisation von kolloidalen Modellobjekten auf lateral vorstrukturierten Molekülschichten zu erforschen. Im ersten Schritt wurden hierfür verschiedene Alkoxy- und Chlorsilane auf Silicasubstraten abgeschieden, womit funktionelle Oberflächen mit hydrophoben, geladenen und reaktiven Gruppen hergestellt werden konnten. Die Schichten zeichnen sich durch hohe Qualität bezüglich des Bedeckungs- grades, der Rauhigkeit und Dicke aus. Die laterale Strukturierung dieser Silanschichten konnte hierbei durch Photolithographie realisiert werden. Dadurch wurden Träger mit chemisch unterscheidbaren Bereichen (hydrophob- hydrophil, ungeladen-geladen, inert-reaktiv) erhalten. In einem zweiten Schritt wurden für die Objektorganisation maßgeschneiderte Latexteilchen aus Polystyrol, Polyacrylaten und Polymethacrylaten mit unterschiedlichen Emulsions- polymerisationstechniken hergestellt. Dabei konnte die Teilchengröße (zwischen 50 und 600 nm), die Morphologie und die Oberflächenbelegungsdichte (bis zu 7 Ų für eine ladungstragende Gruppe) eingestellt werden. In einem dritten Schritt wurden durch gezielte Organisation dispergierte Modellkolloide auf lateral vorstrukturierten Silanschichten unter Ausnutzung hydrophober und elektrostatischer Wechselwirkungen angelagert. In Abhängigkeit der Assemblierungsbedingungen (verschiedene Oberflächenladung, pH, Trocknungsbedingungen) konnte eine Präferenz der Partikel für bestimmte Oberflächenregionen im Vergleich zu anderen gefunden werden.Darüber hinaus konnte eine neue Methode zur Oberflächen- modifikation von bereits assemblierten Latexteilchen durch niederenergetische Elektronenstrahlung gefunden werden. Abhängig von der Beschleunigungsspannung wurden elektronen- induzierte Vernetzungs- oder Verfilmungsprozesse beobachtet, welche durch Morphologieänderungen im Latexfilm deutlich wurden. Die Methode kann zur Feinstrukturierung von selektiv adsorbierten Latices verwendet werden, wodurch mehrere Hierarchiestufen der Strukturbildung auf Oberflächen an einem System aus relativ einfachen Modulen (Polymerkugeln und Substrate) zugänglich sind.

Sedimentary environments and climate change: a case study (late Miocene, central Crete)

In this study, conditions of deposition and stratigraphical architecture of Neogene (Tortonian, 11-6,7Ma) sediments of southern central Crete were analysed. In order to improve resolution of paleoclimatic data, new methods were applied to quantify environmental parameters and to increase the chronostratigraphic resolution in shallow water sediments. A relationship between paleoenvironmental change observed on Crete and global processes was established and a depositional model was developed. Based on a detailed analysis of the distribution of non geniculate coralline red algae, index values for water temperature and water depth were established and tested with the distribution patterns of benthic foraminifera and symbiont-bearing corals. Calcite shelled bivalves were sampled from the Algarve coast (southern Portugal) and central Crete and then 87Sr/86Sr was measured. A high resolution chronostratigraphy was developed based on the correlation between fluctuations in Sr ratios in the measured sections and in a late Miocene global seawater Sr isotope reference curve. Applying this method, a time frame was established to compare paleoenvironmental data from southern central Crete with global information on climate change reflected in oxygen isotope data. The comparison between paleotemperature data based on red algae and global oxygen isotope data showed that the employed index values reflect global change in temperature. Data indicate a warm interval during earliest Tortonian, a second short warm interval between 10 and 9,5Ma, a longer climatic optimum between 9 and 8Ma and an interval of increasing temperatures in the latest Tortonian. The distribution of coral reefs and carpets shows that during the warm intervals, the depositional environment became tropical while temperate climates prevailed during the cold interval. Since relative tectonic movements after initial half-graben formation in the early Tortonian were low in southern central Crete, sedimentary successions strongly respond to global sea-level fluctuation. A characteristic sedimentary succession formed during a 3rd order sea-level cycle: It comprises mixed siliciclastic-limestone deposited during sea-level fall and lowstand, homogenous red algal deposits formed during sea-level rise and coral carpets formed during late rise and highstand. Individual beds in the succession reflect glacioeustatic fluctuations that are most prominent in the mixed siliciclastic-limestone interval. These results confirm the fact that sedimentary successions deposited at the critical threshold between temperate and tropical environments develop characteristic changes in depositional systems and biotic associations that can be used to assemble paleoclimatic datasets.

Imaging of crustal scatterers using multiple seismic arrays

Array seismology is an useful tool to perform a detailed investigation of the Earth’s interior. Seismic arrays by using the coherence properties of the wavefield are able to extract directivity information and to increase the ratio of the coherent signal amplitude relative to the amplitude of incoherent noise. The Double Beam Method (DBM), developed by Krüger et al. (1993, 1996), is one of the possible applications to perform a refined seismic investigation of the crust and mantle by using seismic arrays. The DBM is based on a combination of source and receiver arrays leading to a further improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio by reducing the error in the location of coherent phases. Previous DBM works have been performed for mantle and core/mantle resolution (Krüger et al., 1993; Scherbaum et al., 1997; Krüger et al., 2001). An implementation of the DBM has been presented at 2D large-scale (Italian data-set for Mw=9.3, Sumatra earthquake) and at 3D crustal-scale as proposed by Rietbrock & Scherbaum (1999), by applying the revised version of Source Scanning Algorithm (SSA; Kao & Shan, 2004). In the 2D application, the rupture front propagation in time has been computed. In 3D application, the study area (20x20x33 km3), the data-set and the source-receiver configurations are related to the KTB-1994 seismic experiment (Jost et al., 1998). We used 60 short-period seismic stations (200-Hz sampling rate, 1-Hz sensors) arranged in 9 small arrays deployed in 2 concentric rings about 1 km (A-arrays) and 5 km (B-array) radius. The coherence values of the scattering points have been computed in the crustal volume, for a finite time-window along all array stations given the hypothesized origin time and source location. The resulting images can be seen as a (relative) joint log-likelihood of any point in the subsurface that have contributed to the full set of observed seismograms.

Strukturbildungsverhalten kettensteifer Polyelektrolyte in wässrigen Lösungen am Beispiel von Poly(para-phenylen)sulfonat

An einer Vielzahl biogener Polyelektrolyte, wie z.B. den Nukleinsäuren DNA und RNA sowie Proteinen, ist die Ausbildung von Strukturhierarchien durch Selbstorganisation von Strukturelementen zu beobachten. Dabei wird das Strukturbildungsverhalten durch eine Kopplung von Wechselwirkungen auf verschiedenen Längenskalen, den kurzreichweitigen ausgeschlossenen Volumen und den langreichweitigen elektrostatischen Wechselwirkungen (Coulomb-Wechselwirkungen), die wiederum durch eine Vielzahl mikroskopische Parameter (z.B. Konformation) beeinflusst werden, bestimmt. Durch diese Komplexität ist es nicht möglich, den für die Strukturbildung hochgeladener Systeme bedeutsamen Beitrag der elektrostatischen Wechselwirkungen isoliert zu betrachten. Aus diesem Grund werden zur Aufklärung von Wechselwirkungs- und Strukturbildungsmechanismen vereinfachte Modell-Systeme herangezogen. Eine Möglichkeit besteht in der Verwendung synthetischer, kettensteifer Polyelektrolyte. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde das Aggregationsverhalten wässriger Lösungen dodecylsubstituierter Poly(para-phenylen)sulfonate (PPPS) sowie die Beeinflussung der Strukturbildung durch verschiedene Parameter charakterisiert. Als Einflussparameter wurden einerseits die Gegenion-Spezies und andererseits die Temperatur- und Konzentrations-Abhängigkeit untersucht. Hierzu wurden wässrige Lösungen der freien Säuren der PPPS mit Molekulargewichten zwischen MW = 18 kg/mol bis 58 kg/mol mittels Licht-, Röntgen- und Neutronenstreuung sowie durch Licht-, Polarisations-, Transmissionselektronen- und Rasterkraftmikroskopie in einem Konzentrationsbereich von 0,0008 < c < 1,1 g/L untersucht.