Vergílio Ferreira e Luiz Pacheco: história duma afinidade literária, in revista "Ler", Lisboa, Editora Bertrand, 2016

Estudam-se as afinidades entre dois importantes escritores do século XX português: Luiz Pacheco e Vergílio Ferreira.

Climate seasonality limits leaf carbon assimilation and wood productivity in tropical forests.

The seasonal climate drivers of the carbon cy- cle in tropical forests remain poorly known, although these forests account for more carbon assimilation and storage than any other terrestrial ecosystem. Based on a unique combina- tion of seasonal pan-tropical data sets from 89 experimental sites (68 include aboveground wood productivity measure- ments and 35 litter productivity measurements), their asso- ciated canopy photosynthetic capacity (enhanced vegetation index, EVI) and climate, we ask how carbon assimilation and aboveground allocation are related to climate seasonal- ity in tropical forests and how they interact in the seasonal carbon cycle. We found that canopy photosynthetic capacity seasonality responds positively to precipitation when rain- fall is < 2000 mm yr-1 (water-limited forests) and to radia- tion otherwise (light-limited forests). On the other hand, in- dependent of climate limitations, wood productivity and lit- terfall are driven by seasonal variation in precipitation and evapotranspiration, respectively. Consequently, light-limited forests present an asynchronism between canopy photosyn- thetic capacity and wood productivity. First-order control by precipitation likely indicates a decrease in tropical forest pro- ductivity in a drier climate in water-limited forest, and in cur- rent light-limited forest with future rainfall < 2000 mm yr-1.

“EU NÃO SOU SEM TERRA... MEUS PAIS TÊM TERRA, EU TENHO MAIS TERRA DO QUE ESSAS PESSOAS QUE ME DIZEM”: USO DO TERRITÓRIO PARA ANÁLISE DA IDENTIDADE E DA REFORMA AGRÁRIA NO AGRESTE BAIANO

O presente artigo visa trazer reflexões da dissertação de mestrado de título “Aqui é tranquilo, mas meu sonho é lá fora!”, Pertencimento e Identidades: o imaginário dos jovens do Assentamento Ana Rosa - Pojuca / Bahia, onde a categoria território é tratada na perspectiva simbólica, que objetiva valorizar a identidade territorial, o vivido. Assim, no espaço artificializado gerado na criação do assentamento, as relações de poder estabelecidas entre as gerações, recriam uma transitoriedade, gerando uma territorialidade circunscrita para além dos limites do território, onde os (as) jovens, sujeitos de uma (des) territorialização através da chegada das famílias na criação do Assentamento, trazem ao território a noção de ruralidade, circunscrita em proximidade (mas não de anulação) com o urbano. Para tanto, a metodologia de historia oral e oficinas trouxeram para a pesquisa, as falas dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo de re-des-territorialização, ao qual demonstram que o Assentamento cria uma identidade multidimensional, construída no grupo, nas gerações, nas famílias e no lugar, propiciando uma analise do vivido, do percebido e do concebido, gerando um pertencimento, ou seja, uma identificação simbólica com suas raízes culturais e uma criação de novas relações fragmentadas em diferentes territórios e dimensões. 

Agronomic characteristics of sorghum genotypes and nutritional values of silage.

Objetivou-se avaliar as características agronômicas de genótipos de sorgo e o valor nutricional das silagens produzidas. Foram utilizados 15 genótipos de sorgo. O plantio foi realizado em blocos casualizados com três repetições por genótipo num total de 45 (quarenta e cinco) parcelas. Avaliaram-se as características agronômicas, nutricionais e qualidade da silagem. Houve diferença entre os genótipos para todas as características analisadas, com exceção dos teores de nitrogênio indisponível em detergente ácido (NIDA), proteína indisponível em detergente ácido (PIDA) e atividade de água (aw). Avaliando os parâmetros, com exceção dos genótipos 1016013, 1016025, 1016037, 1016039, Volumax, BRS 610, que apresentaram teor proteico abaixo de 7 %, os demais estão aptos a serem utilizados para a ensilagem, pois possuem um bom perfil de fermentação e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca; no entanto, o genótipo SF 15 é o mais favorável para a produção de silagem, devido à sua menor participação na fração de fibra em detergente neutro.

Materiais Didáticos de Língua Estrangeira Sob o Viés das Perspectivas Críticas na Educação Linguística: um Estudo pela Ótica dos Três Mundos

O presente estudo suscita uma problematização sobre o papel dos/as professores/as de língua estrangeira no manuseio de materiais didáticos disponíveis em seu contexto de atuação, a partir de uma proposta de análise e de suplementação de um livro didático de língua inglesa, tendo por base teorizações contemporâneas acerca de perspectivas críticas na educação linguística (DUBOC, 2012; PENNYCOOK, 2001, 2006; PESSOA; URZÊDA-FREITAS, 2012; SCHEYERL, 2012; AUTORA 1, 2015; SIQUEIRA, 2010, entre outros/as). A proposta deste estudo surgiu a partir das ações de um projeto desenvolvido no âmbito do programa Pró-Licenciatura de uma universidade pública do centro-oeste brasileiro. Um dos objetivos do projeto era produzir e adaptar materiais didáticos suplementares para uma turma de nível iniciante de inglês do Centro de Idiomas da instituição, que atende gratuitamente a comunidade interna e externa. Assim, com base em uma abordagem qualitativa de pesquisa e de cunho documental, compartilhamos aqui um recorte do projeto mencionado, apresentando a análise de um dos capítulos do livro didático adotado pela referida instituição, a partir das três visões de mundo discutidas por Leffa (2017): o mundo revelado, o encoberto e o possível. A análise aponta que é possível adaptar e elaborar materiais didáticos pautados em perspectivas críticas em turmas de níveis básicos, mesmo em face de contextos desafiantes e com recursos limitados. Concluímos, então, que o estudo e a ampliação de materiais didáticos sob a ótica dos três mundos discutidos por Leffa (2017) requer análise, pesquisa, reflexão, crítica, agência e coautoria/cocriação, em um processo contínuo, interpretativo e, sobretudo, não prescritivo.

Quantification of motor vehicle emission factors from on road measurements

Assessment and prediction of the impact of vehicular traffic emissions on air quality and exposure levels requires knowledge of vehicle emission factors. The aim of this study was quantification of emission factors from an on road, over twelve months measurement program conducted at two sites in Brisbane: 1) freeway type (free flowing traffic at about 100 km/h, fleet dominated by small passenger cars - Tora St); and 2) urban busy road with stop/start traffic mode, fleet comprising a significant fraction of heavy duty vehicles - Ipswich Rd. A physical model linking concentrations measured at the road for specific meteorological conditions with motor vehicle emission factors was applied for data analyses. The focus of the study was on submicrometer particles; however the measurements also included supermicrometer particles, PM2.5, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen. The results of the study are summarised in this paper. In particular, the emission factors for submicrometer particles were 6.08 x 1013 and 5.15 x 1013 particles per vehicle-1 km-1 for Tora St and Ipswich Rd respectively and for supermicrometer particles for Tora St, 1.48 x 109 particles per vehicle-1 km-1. Emission factors of diesel vehicles at both sites were about an order of magnitude higher than emissions from gasoline powered vehicles. For submicrometer particles and gasoline vehicles the emission factors were 6.08 x 1013 and 4.34 x 1013 particles per vehicle-1 km-1 for Tora St and Ipswich Rd, respectively, and for diesel vehicles were 5.35 x 1014 and 2.03 x 1014 particles per vehicle-1 km-1 for Tora St and Ipswich Rd, respectively. For supermicrometer particles at Tora St the emission factors were 2.59 x 109 and 1.53 x 1012 particles per vehicle-1 km-1, for gasoline and diesel vehicles, respectively.

A systematic review of environmental correlates of obesity-related dietary behaviors in youth

There is increasing interest in the role the environment plays in shaping the dietary behavior of youth, particularly in the context of obesity prevention. An overview of environmental factors associated with obesity-related dietary behaviors among youth is needed to inform the development of interventions. A systematic review of observational studies on environmental correlates of energy, fat, fruit/ vegetable, snack/fast food and soft drink intakes in children (4–12 years) and adolescents (13–18 years) was conducted. The results were summarized using the analysis grid for environments linked to obesity. The 58 papers reviewed mostly focused on sociocultural and economical–environmental factors at the household level. The most consistent associations were found between parental intake and children’s fat, fruit/vegetable intakes, parent and sibling intake with adolescent’s energy and fat intakes and parental education with adolescent’s fruit/ vegetable intake. A less consistent but positive association was found for availability and accessibility on children’s fruit/vegetable intake. Environmental factors are predominantly studied at the household level and focus on sociocultural and economic aspects. Most consistent associations were found for parental influences (parental intake and education).More studies examining environmental factors using longitudinal study designs and validated measures are needed for solid evidence to inform interventions.

Effects of fare collection policy on operating characteristics of a Brisbane busway station

Transit agencies across the world are increasingly shifting their fare collection mechanisms towards fully automated systems like the smart card. One of the objectives in implementing such a system is to reduce the boarding time per passenger and hence reduce the overall dwell time for the buses at the bus stops/bus rapid transit (BRT) stations. TransLink, the transit authority responsible for public transport management in South East Queensland, has introduced ‘GoCard’ technology using the Cubic platform for fare collection on its public transport system. In addition to this, three inner city BRT stations on South East Busway spine are operating as pre-paid platforms during evening peak time. This paper evaluates the effects of these multiple policy measures on operation of study busway station. The comparison between pre and post policy scenarios suggests that though boarding time per passenger has decreased, while the alighting time per passenger has increased slightly. However, there is a substantial reduction in operating efficiency was observed at the station.

Development of a particle number and particle mass vehicle emissions inventory for an urban fleet

Motor vehicles are major emitters of gaseous and particulate pollution in urban areas, and exposure to particulate pollution can have serious health effects, ranging from respiratory and cardiovascular disease to mortality. Motor vehicle tailpipe particle emissions span a broad size range from 0.003-10µm, and are measured as different subsets of particle mass concentrations or particle number count. However, no comprehensive inventories currently exist in the international published literature covering this wide size range. This paper presents the first published comprehensive inventory of motor vehicle tailpipe particle emissions covering the full size range of particles emitted. The inventory was developed for urban South-East Queensland by combining two techniques from distinctly different disciplines, from aerosol science and transport modelling. A comprehensive set of particle emission factors were combined with traffic modelling, and tailpipe particle emissions were quantified for particle number (ultrafine particles), PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 for light and heavy duty vehicles and buses. A second aim of the paper involved using the data derived in this inventory for scenario analyses, to model the particle emission implications of different proportions of passengers travelling in light duty vehicles and buses in the study region, and to derive an estimate of fleet particle emissions in 2026. It was found that heavy duty vehicles (HDVs) in the study region were major emitters of particulate matter pollution, and although they contributed only around 6% of total regional vehicle kilometres travelled, they contributed more than 50% of the region’s particle number (ultrafine particles) and PM1 emissions. With the freight task in the region predicted to double over the next 20 years, this suggests that HDVs need to be a major focus of mitigation efforts. HDVs dominated particle number (ultrafine particles) and PM1 emissions; and LDV PM2.5 and PM10 emissions. Buses contributed approximately 1-2% of regional particle emissions.

Increase in particle number emissions from motor vehicles due to interruption of steady traffic flow

We assess the increase in particle number emissions from motor vehicles driving at steady speed when forced to stop and accelerate from rest. Considering the example of a signalized pedestrian crossing on a two-way single-lane urban road, we use a complex line source method to calculate the total emissions produced by a specific number and mix of light petrol cars and diesel passenger buses and show that the total emissions during a red light is significantly higher than during the time when the light remains green. Replacing two cars with one bus increased the emissions by over an order of magnitude. Considering these large differences, we conclude that the importance attached to particle number emissions in traffic management policies be reassessed in the future.

Modelling urban public transit users' route choice behaviour: review and outlook

This paper reviews the main development of approaches to modelling urban public transit users’ route choice behaviour from 1960s to the present. The approaches reviewed include the early heuristic studies on finding the least cost transit route and all-or-nothing transit assignment, the bus common line problem and corresponding network representation methods, the disaggregate discrete choice models which are based on random utility maximization assumptions, the deterministic use equilibrium and stochastic user equilibrium transit assignment models, and the recent dynamic transit assignment models using either frequency or schedule based network formulation. In addition to reviewing past outcomes, this paper also gives an outlook into the possible future directions of modelling transit users’ route choice behaviour. Based on the comparison with the development of models for motorists’ route choice and traffic assignment problems in an urban road area, this paper points out that it is rewarding for transit route choice research to draw inspiration from the intellectual outcomes out of the road area. Particularly, in light of the recent advancement of modelling motorists’ complex road route choice behaviour, this paper advocates that the modelling practice of transit users’ route choice should further explore the complexities of the problem.