Catholic Loyalism, Service and Careerism: Lewes Lewkenor's Quest for Favour

This article discusses one of Lewkenor's more obscure works, The Resolved Gentleman (1594 - STC 15139), in the context of Elizabethan court politics in the 1590s, with a particular emphasis on the author's own experience of dissent, exile to Catholic Spain in the 1580s and return to England in the early 1590s. A translation of Hernando de Acuña's El Caballero Determinado, itself a reworking of Olivier de la Marche's Chevalier Délibéré (1483), the Resolved Gentleman bends the conventions of medieval chivalric allegory to articulate Lewkenor's own experience of alienation and dissent in the specific context of the factionalism of the 1590s. Beneath Lewkenor's seemingly self-effacing, 'humanist' translation it is in fact possible to discern a complex set of criticisms of Elizabeth's court. The knight's 'wandering' and 'errance' thus becomes a complex, multivalent figure that reverberates with a number of autobiographical meanings: the knight's exile becomes in Lewkenor's hands a figure of his own forced exile to Catholic Spain, and the account of the knight's quest functions as an oblique allusion to his own efforts to make his way back to Elizabeth's court. More importantly, however, these 'personal' meanings acquire a wider, political valence in the context of the allegory, and the narrative as a whole thus becomes a subtle, perceptive but scathing criticism of the Elizabethan court in the 1590's and the 'contraction' of royal favour that resulted in particular in the exclusion of capable, experienced but Catholic counsellors like Lewkenor himself. Articulating the frustration of this younger generation of alienated but fundamentally loyalist Catholics, Lewkenor paints a picture of a failed quest for favour, where the questing knight is finally forced to retire from the active life and withdraw to a rustic hermitage that is not only incompatible with his own ideal of the vita activa, but also dangerously smacks of unregenerate, and potentially seditious Catholicism.

Avoiding crimes of obedience: A comparative study of the autobiographies of M. K. Gandhi, N. Mandela and M. L. King

This research aims to provide a contribution towards understanding how and why certain people can display disobedience behaviors, to overcome unjust situations, and withstand persecutions deployed by authority. The paper presents a hermeneutic content analysis of the autobiographical speeches and texts of Gandhi, M. L. King and Mandela. Our results show that parents' value orientation, experience of injustice during childhood and exploration of alternative viewpoints during adolescence play a crucial role in structuring prosocial disobedience. Findings show also that social responsibility and ingroup communication are important conditions for facing persecutions without dropping original goals.

Addictions [Addiction].

What's new in addiction medicine in 2012? The news are presented according three axes: first, in the field of neuroscience, the process of extinction of addiction memories. Then in the clinical field, a reflexion is reported on how to treat addiction in psychiatric hospitals. At last, in the area of teaching, an e-learning development with a virtual patient shows a great interest in addiction psychiatry.

Numa urge genderizada: vivências dos espaços

A cidade foi sendo perspetivada como um lugar masculino em que as mulheres (e, em particular, as mulheres imigrantes) não eram cidadãs plenas no sentido em que não adquiriram o acesso integral e livre às ruas e sobreviveram nos interstícios da cidade. Apesar de todas as conquistas das mulheres e do aparente cosmopolitismo das cidades europeias, as cidades continuam a ser espaços genderizados, espaços de conflito e de discriminação, contextos plenos de ameaças e interdições. Neste artigo apresentaremos algumas reflexões sobre a forma como as mulheres imigrantes brasileiras, cabo-verdianas e ucranianas se relacionam com o espaço - cidade de Lisboa - com base nos dados do projeto de investigação da autora financiado pelo Observatório da Imigração “Mulheres imigrantes em Portugal. Memórias, dificuldades de integração e projetos de vida”.

Respiration, metabolic balance, and attention in affective picture processing

The jointly voluntary and involuntary control of respiration, unique among essential physiological processes, the interconnection of breathing with and its influence on the autonomic nervous system, and disease states associated with the interface between psychology and respiration (e.g., anxiety disorders, hyperventilation syndrome, asthma) make the study of the relationship between respiration and emotion both theoretically and clinically of great relevance. However, the respiratory behavior during affective states is not yet completely understood. We studied breathing pattern responses to 13 picture series varying widely in their affective tone in 37 adults (18 men, 19 women, mean age 26). Time and volume parameters were recorded with the LifeShirt system (VivoMetrics Inc., Ventura, California, USA, see image). We also measured end-tidal pCO2 (EtCO2) with a Microcap Handheld Capnograph (Oridion Medical 1987 Ltd., Jerusalem, Israel) to determine if ventilation is in balance with metabolic demands and spontaneous eye-blinking to investigate the link between respiration and attention. At the end of each picture series, the participants reported their subjective feeling in the affective dimensions of pleasantness and arousal. Increasing self-rated arousal was associated with increasing minute ventilation but not with decreases in EtCO2, suggesting that ventilatory changes during picture viewing paralleled variations in metabolic activity. EtCO2 correlated with pleasantness, and eye-blink rate decreased with increasing unpleasantness in line with a negativity bias in attention. Like MV, inspiratory drive (i.e., mean inspiratory flow) increased with arousal. This relationship reflected increases in inspiratory volume rather than shortening of the time parameters. This study confirms that respiratory responses to affective stimuli are organized to a certain degree along the dimensions of pleasantness and arousal. It shows, for the first time, that during picture viewing, ventilatory increases with increasing arousal are in balance with metabolic activity and that inspiratory volume is modulated by arousal. MV emerges as the most reliable respiratory index of self-perceived arousal. Finally, end-tidal pCO2 is slightly lower during processing of negative as compared to positive picture contents, which is proposed to enhance sensory perception and reflect a negativity bias in attention.

Reprisals remembered: German-Greek conflict and car sales during the Euro crisis

During the Greek debt crisis after 2010, the German government insisted on harshausterity measures. This led to a rapid cooling of relations between the Greekand German governments. We compile a new index of public acrimony betweenGermany and Greece based on newspaper reports and internet search terms. Thisinformation is combined with historical maps on German war crimes during theoccupation between 1941 and 1944. During months of open conflict between Germanand Greek politicians, German car sales fell markedly more than those of cars fromother countries. This was especially true in areas affected by German reprisals duringWorldWar II: areas where German troops committed massacres and destroyed entirevillages curtailed their purchases of German cars to a greater extent during conflictmonths than other parts of Greece. We conclude that cultural aversion was a keydeterminant of purchasing behavior, and that memories of past conflict can affecteconomic choices in a time-varying fashion. These findings are compatible withbehavioral models emphasizing the importance of salience for individual decision-making.

La Multi-metodología Autobiográfica Extendida (MAE). Una estrategia cualitativa para estudiar la identidad, los fondos de conocimiento y las formas de vida

La multi-metodología autobiográfica es una aproximación cualitativa que combina distintas técnicas para estudiar la construcción narrativa de la identidad. El objetivo de este artículo es ofrecer una revisión de dicho enfoque a partir de una expansión de los distintos instrumentos cualitativos utilizados. Más concretamente, la multi-metodología autobiográfica extendida (MAE) consta de cuatro grupos de técnicas: entrevistas en profundidad (historia de vida, entrevista de fondos de conocimiento y la entrevista de Durand), el retrato o dibujo identitario revisado (dibujo identitario, auto-definición, tarea identitaria de las diez definiciones), el análisis de los artefactos-rutinas-formas de vida (diario de una semana, detección de artefactos, rutinas a través de fotografías, rutinas educativas a través de fotografías ) y la utilización de distintos “mapas psicológicos o psicogeográficos” (cronograma, genograma, ecomapa, geomapa y mapa relacional). Después de definir la identidad, los fondos de conocimiento y las formas de vida como posibles objetos de estudio en ciencias sociales, el artículo describe e ilustra las distintas técnicas que componen la metodología propuesta. Se concluye recomendando la triangulación de técnicas cualitativas narrativas basadas en el lenguaje, el caso de las tradicionales entrevistas en profundidad, con determinados procedimientos visuales, a partir de la utilización de fotografías o representaciones gráficas

Multisensory Integration and Perceptual Enhancement

We perceive our environment through multiple sensory channels. Nonetheless, research has traditionally focused on the investigation of sensory processing within single modalities. Thus, investigating how our brain integrates multisensory information is of crucial importance for understanding how organisms cope with a constantly changing and dynamic environment. During my thesis I have investigated how multisensory events impact our perception and brain responses, either when auditory-visual stimuli were presented simultaneously or how multisensory events at one point in time impact later unisensory processing. In "Looming signals reveal synergistic principles of multisensory integration" (Cappe, Thelen et al., 2012) we investigated the neuronal substrates involved in motion detection in depth under multisensory vs. unisensory conditions. We have shown that congruent auditory-visual looming (i.e. approaching) signals are preferentially integrated by the brain. Further, we show that early effects under these conditions are relevant for behavior, effectively speeding up responses to these combined stimulus presentations. In "Electrical neuroimaging of memory discrimination based on single-trial multisensory learning" (Thelen et al., 2012), we investigated the behavioral impact of single encounters with meaningless auditory-visual object parings upon subsequent visual object recognition. In addition to showing that these encounters lead to impaired recognition accuracy upon repeated visual presentations, we have shown that the brain discriminates images as soon as ~100ms post-stimulus onset according to the initial encounter context. In "Single-trial multisensory memories affect later visual and auditory object recognition" (Thelen et al., in review) we have addressed whether auditory object recognition is affected by single-trial multisensory memories, and whether recognition accuracy of sounds was similarly affected by the initial encounter context as visual objects. We found that this is in fact the case. We propose that a common underlying brain network is differentially involved during encoding and retrieval of images and sounds based on our behavioral findings. - Nous percevons l'environnement qui nous entoure à l'aide de plusieurs organes sensoriels. Antérieurement, la recherche sur la perception s'est focalisée sur l'étude des systèmes sensoriels indépendamment les uns des autres. Cependant, l'étude des processus cérébraux qui soutiennent l'intégration de l'information multisensorielle est d'une importance cruciale pour comprendre comment notre cerveau travail en réponse à un monde dynamique en perpétuel changement. Pendant ma thèse, j'ai ainsi étudié comment des événements multisensoriels impactent notre perception immédiate et/ou ultérieure et comment ils sont traités par notre cerveau. Dans l'étude " Looming signals reveal synergistic principles of multisensory integration" (Cappe, Thelen et al., 2012), nous nous sommes intéressés aux processus neuronaux impliqués dans la détection de mouvements à l'aide de l'utilisation de stimuli audio-visuels seuls ou combinés. Nos résultats ont montré que notre cerveau intègre de manière préférentielle des stimuli audio-visuels combinés s'approchant de l'observateur. De plus, nous avons montré que des effets précoces, observés au niveau de la réponse cérébrale, influencent notre comportement, en accélérant la détection de ces stimuli. Dans l'étude "Electrical neuroimaging of memory discrimination based on single-trial multisensory learning" (Thelen et al., 2012), nous nous sommes intéressés à l'impact qu'a la présentation d'un stimulus audio-visuel sur l'exactitude de reconnaissance d'une image. Nous avons étudié comment la présentation d'une combinaison audio-visuelle sans signification, impacte, au niveau comportementale et cérébral, sur la reconnaissance ultérieure de l'image. Les résultats ont montré que l'exactitude de la reconnaissance d'images, présentées dans le passé, avec un son sans signification, est inférieure à celle obtenue dans le cas d'images présentées seules. De plus, notre cerveau différencie ces deux types de stimuli très tôt dans le traitement d'images. Dans l'étude "Single-trial multisensory memories affect later visual and auditory object recognition" (Thelen et al., in review), nous nous sommes posés la question si l'exactitude de ia reconnaissance de sons était affectée de manière semblable par la présentation d'événements multisensoriels passés. Ceci a été vérifié par nos résultats. Nous avons proposé que cette similitude puisse être expliquée par le recrutement différentiel d'un réseau neuronal commun.

Sleeping Beauty in Chelmno: Jane Yolen's Briar Rose or Breaking the Spell of Silence

AbstractThis article analyses Jane Yolen's Briar Rose (1992) from the perspective of trauma studies as a novelistic transposition of "Sleeping Beauty" in the context of the Holocaust. It argues that the fairy tale fulfils a psychological and even existential role for the fictional survivor of the extermination camp, but also a pedagogical, moral and political one through the figure of the cowitness central to the economy of the novel. Through Becca's recovery of the biographical elements underlying her grandmother's retelling of the story, Yolen shows how the fairy tale can serve to communicate traumatic personal memories and transmit collective cultural knowledge to counter the disappearance of first-hand witnesses.RésuméCet article analyse le recours au conte de fées dans un roman récent de Jane Yolen, Briar Rose, qui transpose le conte de La Belle au bois dormant dans le contexte de l'Holocauste. A partir des études sur le traumatisme (trauma studies), il montre comment le conte de fées remplit plusieurs rôles: psychologique voire existentiel pour la survivante du camp, mais aussi didactique, politique et moral à travers la figure du co-témoin placée au coeur du dispositif narratif. Yolen fait ainsi appel à deux genres pédagogiques, le conte et la literature de jeunesse sur l'Holocauste comme outils pédagogiques permettant la transmission d'une mémoire individuelle et collective qui problématise la question épineuse de la représentation de l'Holocauste et de la fictionnalisation de l'histoire qui accompagne la disparition des témoins directs.

Cuando Frankenstein encontró a Dorian Gray: dandysmo, post-identidad y sujetos virtuales

The appearance and popularization of the internet has created new forms of writing, which compel us to think anew about identity and subjectivity. Webjournals or blogs are specially interesting because they are a massive phenomenon that use autobiographical writing in a peculiar way. These forms of writing stress a particular paradox of the genre: the coexistence between a purpose of private, confessional and spontaneous writing and a public image, carefully built, as a result of its writing. The technology is new, but, in fact, the paradox is old. This paper tries to explore this old paradox, our eternal condition of cyborgs, our use of technologies in order to construct a public, unique and recognizably identity. In oder to do so, I will try to show the virtual condition of any written individual ¿this issue has already been dealt with by autobiographical studies¿, focusing on blogs, and especially on concrete example (Lord Whimsy¿s Journal). I will pay attention to gender as a technology that constructs identity and, at the same time, is deconstructed by the autobiographical narratives analyzed. In short, I attempt to show that virtual and autobiographical discourse do not bring forth a new kind of subject but the permanence of an old phenomenon "clearly developed by dandyism, for instance¿: the use of tehnologies to re-invent, re-formulate and re-construct us as multiple, hybrid and mixed subjects."

Looking Back: Historical Hall, 1899-1904; State Historical, Memorial and Art Building, 1905-1999; Ola Babcock Miller Building, 1999-Present, June 2013

For more than 80 years, visitors to the Iowa State Historical, Memorial, and Art Building were treated to the state’s collection of historic documents, literature, portraits, and historical, geological, and archeological artifacts. Those who visited might have memories of the spectacular sand paintings by Iowan Andrew Clemens, the variety of taxidermy Iowa animals, the pioneer Conestoga wagon in the basement, the biplane hanging from the dome ceiling, the odd display by the medical library of things removed from stomachs, or the Native American display on the third floor. This booklet is a look back at the origins of the museum. It includes some of the Historical Department reports, legislation passed by the general assembly, newspaper and magazine articles, and photographs pertaining to the museum and library. It is not intended to be an exhaustive review and documentation of displays and exhibits. It is a brief overview of the building’s history and some photographs that may bring back memories, for some, of a field trip as a student. This booklet has been created from a variety of source materials: photographs, newspaper articles, and various reports. The following have contributed: State Library of Iowa, Iowa State Historical Society, the Iowa Judicial Branch, Susan Wallace, Helen Dagley, Barb Corson, Jerome Thompson, Pam Rees, Georgiann Fischer, and Jason Mrachina.

Deficit in memory consolidation (abnormal forgetting rate) in childhood temporal lobe epilepsy. Pre and postoperative long-term observation.

Deficits in memory consolidation have been reported in adult patients with epilepsy but, not to our knowledge, in children. We report the long-term follow-up (9 y. o. to 18 y. o.) of a boy who suffered from temporal lobe epilepsy and underwent a left temporal lobectomy with amygdalo-hippocampal resection at the age of 10. He showed an abnormal forgetting rate when trying to encode new information and a significant deficit for retrieving remote episodic memories (when compared with his twin brother), both consistent with a consolidation disorder. His memory condition slightly improved after cessation of the epilepsy, nevertheless did not normalize. No standard memory assessment could pinpoint his memory problem, hence an adapted methodology was needed. We discuss the nature of the memory deficit, its possible causes and its clinical implications.

Anesthesia prevents auditory perceptual learning.

BACKGROUND: An auditory perceptual learning paradigm was used to investigate whether implicit memories are formed during general anesthesia. METHODS: Eighty-seven patients who had an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I-III and were scheduled to undergo an elective surgery with general anesthesia were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group received auditory stimulation during surgery, whereas the other did not. The auditory stimulation consisted of pure tones presented via headphones. The Bispectral Index level was maintained between 40 and 50 during surgery. To assess learning, patients performed an auditory frequency discrimination task after surgery, and comparisons were made between the groups. General anesthesia was induced with thiopental and maintained with a mixture of fentanyl and sevoflurane. RESULTS: There was no difference in the amount of learning between the two groups (mean +/- SD improvement: stimulated patients 9.2 +/- 11.3 Hz, controls 9.4 +/- 14.1 Hz). There was also no difference in initial thresholds (mean +/- SD initial thresholds: stimulated patients 31.1 +/- 33.4 Hz, controls 28.4 +/- 34.2 Hz). These results suggest that perceptual learning was not induced during anesthesia. No correlation between the bispectral index and the initial level of performance was found (Pearson r = -0.09, P = 0.59). CONCLUSION: Perceptual learning was not induced by repetitive auditory stimulation during anesthesia. This result may indicate that perceptual learning requires top-down processing, which is suppressed by the anesthetic.

Functional compensation of motor function in pre-symptomatic Huntington's disease.

Involuntary choreiform movements are a clinical hallmark of Huntington's disease. Studies in clinically affected patients suggest a shift of motor activations to parietal cortices in response to progressive neurodegeneration. Here, we studied pre-symptomatic gene carriers to examine the compensatory mechanisms that underlie the phenomenon of retained motor function in the presence of degenerative change. Fifteen pre-symptomatic gene carriers and 12 matched controls performed button presses paced by a metronome at either 0.5 or 2 Hz with four fingers of the right hand whilst being scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects pressed buttons either in the order of a previously learnt 10-item finger sequence, from left to right, or kept still. Error rates ranged from 2% to 7% in the pre-symptomatic gene carriers and from 0.5% to 4% in controls, depending on the condition. No significant difference in task performance was found between groups for any of the conditions. Activations in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and superior parietal lobe differed with gene status. Compared with healthy controls, gene carriers showed greater activations of left caudal SMA with all movement conditions. Activations correlated with increasing speed of movement were greater the closer the gene carriers were to estimated clinical diagnosis, defined by the onset of unequivocal motor signs. Activations associated with increased movement complexity (i.e. with the pre-learnt 10-item sequence) decreased in the rostral SMA with nearing diagnostic onset. The left superior parietal lobe showed reduced activation with increased movement complexity in gene carriers compared with controls, and in the right superior parietal lobe showed greater activations with all but the most demanding movements. We identified a complex pattern of motor compensation in pre-symptomatic gene carriers. The results show that preclinical compensation goes beyond a simple shift of activity from premotor to parietal regions involving multiple compensatory mechanisms in executive and cognitive motor areas. Critically, the pattern of motor compensation is flexible depending on the actual task demands on motor control.

Cuando Frankenstein encontró a Dorian Gray: dandysmo, post-identidad y sujetos virtuales

The appearance and popularization of the internet has created new forms of writing, which compel us to think anew about identity and subjectivity. Webjournals or blogs are specially interesting because they are a massive phenomenon that use autobiographical writing in a peculiar way. These forms of writing stress a particular paradox of the genre: the coexistence between a purpose of private, confessional and spontaneous writing and a public image, carefully built, as a result of its writing. The technology is new, but, in fact, the paradox is old. This paper tries to explore this old paradox, our eternal condition of cyborgs, our use of technologies in order to construct a public, unique and recognizably identity. In oder to do so, I will try to show the virtual condition of any written individual ¿this issue has already been dealt with by autobiographical studies¿, focusing on blogs, and especially on concrete example (Lord Whimsy¿s Journal). I will pay attention to gender as a technology that constructs identity and, at the same time, is deconstructed by the autobiographical narratives analyzed. In short, I attempt to show that virtual and autobiographical discourse do not bring forth a new kind of subject but the permanence of an old phenomenon "clearly developed by dandyism, for instance¿: the use of tehnologies to re-invent, re-formulate and re-construct us as multiple, hybrid and mixed subjects."