A indústria farmacêutica no Brasil: um estudo do impacto socioeconômico dos medicamentos genéricos

Recently, some countries outside the Triad (Japan, Europe and the United States) have assumed an important role in the pharmaceutical scenario, as large producers, among them stand out Brazil. In the 90s, there were major institutional transformations and the pharmaceutical industry has undergone a reverse specialization process, because liberalization has discouraged production of pharmaceutical chemicals and dependence of imports increased. The law of generics medicines in 1999 emerged as an attempt to increase the population's access to medicines equivalent to ones with brand, with more affordable prices. As a result of this law there was a strengthening of the national capital and a major attraction for foreign companies to brazilian market. This study aims to assess the development trajectory of the country, showing how path-dependence has culminated in greater empowerment of national pharmaceutical industries after the Generics Law in 1999

Estratégias Produtivas e Tecnológicas das empresas da Indústria Farmacêutica do Brasil e da Índia: um exame a partir de indicadores aplicados aos fluxos de comércio exterior

This work aims to evaluate the different trajectories in terms of production structure, technological capabilities and performance in international trade of pharmaceutical industries in Brazil and India. For this, we build international trade indicators, based on data provided by the COMTRADE, the UN database for trade. Through the indicators, it is observed that the countries have different results in the catch-up process of the pharmaceutical industry. India has built a productive structure strongly based on generic drugs, with which it is able to greatly meet domestic demand and export to many countries worldwide. Brazil remains in a position of dependence of foreign production, with a high level of imports and exports to the region of Latin America

Cultura empresarial e reestruturação produtiva na indústria brasileira: o caso da Lupo S/A

Founded in 1921, the company currently known as Lupo S/A is one of the most ancient textile and clothing industries in Brazil. In this article we aim to describe the general lines of the trajectory of this family company, currently producing socks, nightwear and sports articles. The focus of this paper is on the analysis of some strategies used by the company along its formation and development process, and, particularly, the way these strategies made possible the productive restructuring associated to the overcoming of the strong crisis which began in the end of the 80's and early 90's, contributing to its recent consolidation in the clothing industry. The leading hypothesis of the study is that pioneering connected to a strong organizational culture that has been formed and constructed since its foundation and that was reestablished in a more recent management were the factors which were responsible for the advances able to generate an innovation environment in products as well as in processes and management. The theoretical reflection selected to subsidize the cognitive construction of the study of the company is based on the historical approach of the development of the textile industry in Brazil and in studies about the importance of the action of the entrepreneur, in the role of the organizational culture and of innovation to choose strategies in companies. The research involved the analysis of documents and data of the company, as well as interviews with directors and employees. The results show a traditional company model, but also show the presence of a very advanced entrepreneurial dynamic. Modern world – known as a fordist industrial model – could already be noticed in the company when this production pattern was not clearly defined yet in the Brazilian industry. Nowadays, the company faces the challenge of globalization and the open competition in the international market which brings the rivalry of the greatest and best globalized companies.

O desenvolvimento da indústria farmacêutica no Brasil e na Índia: um estudo comparativo

The article shows how the development of the pharmaceutical industry in Brazil and India occurred, and why the industry in these two countries, which until the 1970s were much alike, today show significant differences. The historical analysis of the trajectories of the industries in both countries showed that the Indian industry has a higher technological content, due to, among others, the efficiency of public policies implemented since the 1970s, which were aimed at improving not only production, but also the technological development.

As Ciências Sociais no Brasil: trajetória, história e institucionalização

A trajetória do pensamento social no Brasil remonta à segunda metade do século XIX e envolve muitas correntes, linhagens e famílias intelectuais que enformam as Ciências Sociais no Brasil. Por isso, há controvérsias quanto à fundação das Ciências Sociais, considerada, de um lado, por meio da trajetória histórica, e, de outro, pela institucionalização do trabalho científico. O debate ganha complexidade quando são considerados os marcos fundadores, as características, o significado e as implicações dessa institucionalização que, longe de esclarecer a questão, cria novos problemas para o entendimento e avaliação do processo. Rediscutir as circunstâncias histórico-sociais e as configurações intelectuais de sua fundação e desenvolvimento, entendemos ser pertinente e necessário, sendo esse o propósito deste artigo.

A distribuição espacial da indústria do vestuário no Brasil

This paper aims to analyse the spatial distribution of the Brazilian clothing industry in 1997 and 2006. In order to achieve this objective, this study used an exploratory spatial data analysis - ESDA. It was made a univariate analysis of the number of the existing clothing industries among Brazilian states. The null hypotheses of the spatial dependence absence was rejected and the construction of cluster maps showed two patterns: a high industrial concentration and a low one. On the other hand, a bivariate analysis was also conducted to permit a study between the number of clothing industries and the wage income of the neighbor regions. The result revealed spatial dependence besides similar cluster maps in both years. Therefore, two spatial patterns emerged: a high and a low industrial concentration. The final conclusion is that agglomeration economies are the main responsible for the results found in both analyses.

Práticas de gestão da melhoria contínua e aprendizado e suas contribuições para a capacidade de inovação na indústria de construção naval do Brasil

After years of stagnation, the naval construction industry in Brazil has been experiencing a period of recovery caused by investments in the oil and gas sector and the implementation of governmental programs that aimed to regenerate it. However, efforts in learning and innovations are needed in order to reinsert the country in this activity and achieve international levels of competitiveness. Based on literature about learning processes and continuous improvement practices and their impact in the innovative and productive processes, this paper aims to identify the main tendencies, mechanisms and procedures to improve the construction and management processes in the Brazilian naval construction industry. The methodology used for the data analysis classifies obtained information from magazines and annals of congresses of the sector, according to the established analysis categories (phenomena). Such categories study information related to the productive and technological processes of the industry, the main internal and external relations of the industrial park, the management of resources and processes, policies, investments, etc. The data was collected in the period 2004-2010, and more than 500 registers that show a dominance of the investment phenomenon, especially in the increase of productive capacity, were catalogued. In addition to this, there is evidence of modernization in the manufacturing plan and the equipment, diverse forms of cooperation, implementation of human resources management practices and engineering or processes and products. Hence, a process of catching up governs and is guided by modernization and increase training in this industry.

Filosofia da história no direito natural do brasil império

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

Entre o Pavilhão Mexicano e o Cine Azteca: cultura visual e formação de identidade no Brasil e México na primeira metade do século XX

The article seeks to reflect from a visual history of the elaboratión imaginary political and national identities and transnational comparative perspective between Brazil and Mexico in the first half of the twentieth century. The main focus is Mexican participation in the exhibition commemorating the centennial of Brazilian independence in 1922 and the dialogues in the film industry of both countries in the second half of the 1940s and beginning of 1950s.

Castigat ridendo mores: história do Brasil e teatro francês na crônica de Machado de Assis

The chronicles of Machado de Assis can be read as a historical document or a literary work. Characterized as a hybrid genre, the chronicle allows several readings and interpretations, but it’s always connected at the time and at the production’s context. The aim of this article is to averiguate how Machado de Assis commented the importants subjects of his time, mixing the french classic theater and the brazilian’s history.

Teoria e metodologia na escrita da História do Brasil: Afonso de Taunay e a Academia Brasileira de Letras

The history of historiography in recent decades has the breathing space needed in the concerns of historians and has been transformed into a research field with its own issues. Uploaded this in perspective, this paper aims to understand how aspects of the theory of history and methodology have been addressed by Afonso de Escragnolle Taunay (1876-1958). We selected the letters exchanged by the author, the speeches of acceptance at the ABL, some articles and books produced by Taunay in the 1930s. In the first decades of the twentieth century, when it sought to define the historiography and its limits in both the literature and social science sources, the subjectivity is presented as the final decision making of the author, especially those related to the new site production Taunay, the Brazilian Academy of Letters.

Idéias fora do lugar na aula de História: historiografia e conceitos dos alunos sobre escravidão no Brasil

This article makes a historiography discussion about slavery, indicates the advances in combats for an afro-brasilian history and, in view of cultural re-sense shows a need to consider the student’s prior knowledge and content of teaching History. These knowledges are essential to move beyond the denunciation of the violence of slavery and lead to the classroom buildings of the recent historiography on slavery in Brazil in view of breaking of stereotypes and changing attitudes.

Literatura, história e indústria cultural em o O Xangô de Baker Street

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)