997 resultados para INFLUENCIA - ADITIVO BETTER MIX – COLOMBIA


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El cultivo de pimiento se caracteriza por presentar una alta susceptibilidad a la necrosis apical (Blossom-end-rot, BER). El BER es una fisiopatía originada por una deficiencia de calcio durante el estado inicial de desarrollo del fruto. Los altos valores de radiación y déficit de presión de vapor (DPV) característicos de la zona mediterránea afectan considerablemente a la transpiración y a la absorción de minerales favoreciendo la aparición de BER. En el Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA) se han realizado dos experiencias en cultivo sin suelo de pimiento con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la humedad ambiental y la salinidad sobre la producción y calidad. Se realizaron dos ensayos comparando la producción y la incidencia de BER bajo condiciones climáticas diferentes y evaluando la influencia de la salinidad de la solución nutritiva sobre estos mismos parámetros. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la importancia del control del clima y, en concreto, de la humedad del invernadero sobre la aparición de BER. La incidencia de BER se incrementa un 24% en condiciones de baja humedad respecto al tratamiento control con humedad relativa elevada. Respecto a la salinidad, en condiciones de humedad elevada, el incremento de la conductividad de la solución nutritiva de 2 a 4 µS/cm implica un aumento de más del 8% de la incidencia de BER. Si las condiciones ambientales son más extremas, bajos valores de humedad, el aumento en la incidencia de BER debido a la salinidad de la solución nutritiva puede alcanzar valores del 68%.

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El principal objetivo del proyecto fue valorar la mejora en la estabilidad oxidativa y en la calidad sensorial a que puede dar lugar la suplementación de las dietas de pollo y pavos con antioxidantes, y apreciar la incidencia de la administración de enrofloxacina sobre la seguridad abiótica de la carne fresca. Se puso un interés especial en el estudio de las posibles interacciones entre los distintos compuestos añadidos a las dietas

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Background: Therapy of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with pegIFNa/ribavirin achieves sustained virologic response (SVR) in ~55%. Pre-activation of the endogenous interferon system in the liver is associated non-response (NR). Recently, genome-wide association studies described associations of allelic variants near the IL28B (IFNλ3) gene with treatment response and with spontaneous clearance of the virus. We investigated if the IL28B genotype determines the constitutive expression of IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) in the liver of patients with CHC. Methods: We genotyped 93 patients with CHC for 3 IL28B single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, rs12979860, rs8099917, rs12980275), extracted RNA from their liver biopsies and quantified the expression of IL28B and of 8 previously identified classifier genes which discriminate between SVR and NR (IFI44L, RSAD2, ISG15, IFI22, LAMP3, OAS3, LGALS3BP and HTATIP2). Decision tree ensembles in the form of a random forest classifier were used to calculate the relative predictive power of these different variables in a multivariate analysis. Results: The minor IL28B allele (bad risk for treatment response) was significantly associated with increased expression of ISGs, and, unexpectedly, with decreased expression of IL28B. Stratification of the patients into SVR and NR revealed that ISG expression was conditionally independent from the IL28B genotype, i.e. there was an increased expression of ISGs in NR compared to SVR irrespective of the IL28B genotype. The random forest feature score (RFFS) identified IFI27 (RFFS = 2.93), RSAD2 (1.88) and HTATIP2 (1.50) expression and the HCV genotype (1.62) as the strongest predictors of treatment response. ROC curves of the IL28B SNPs showed an AUC of 0.66 with an error rate (ERR) of 0.38. A classifier with the 3 best classifying genes showed an excellent test performance with an AUC of 0.94 and ERR of 0.15. The addition of IL28B genotype information did not improve the predictive power of the 3-gene classifier. Conclusions: IL28B genotype and hepatic ISG expression are conditionally independent predictors of treatment response in CHC. There is no direct link between altered IFNλ3 expression and pre-activation of the endogenous system in the liver. Hepatic ISG expression is by far the better predictor for treatment response than IL28B genotype.

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Ornament expression fluctuates with age in many organisms. Whether these changes are adaptively plastic is poorly known. In order to understand the ultimate function of melanin-based ornaments, we studied their within-individual fluctuations and their covariation with fitness-related traits. In barn owls (Tyto alba), individuals vary from reddish-brown pheomelanic to white and from immaculate to marked with black eumelanic spots, males being less reddish and less spotted than females. During the first molt, both sexes became less pheomelanic, females displayed larger spots and males fewer spots, but the extent of these changes was not associated with reproduction. At subsequent molts, intra-individual changes in melanin-based traits covaried with simultaneous reproduction changes. Adult females bred earlier in the season and laid larger eggs when they became scattered with larger spots, while adults of both sexes produced larger broods when they became whiter. These results suggest that the production of melanin pigments and fitness-related life history traits are concomitantly regulated in a sex-specific way.

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This empirical work studies the influence of immigrant students on individuals’ school choice in one of the most populated regions in Spain: Catalonia. It has estimated, following the Poisson model, the probability that a certain school, which immigrant students are already attending, may be chosen by natives as well as by immigrants, respectively. The information provided by the Catalonia School Department presents school characteristics of all the primary and secondary schools in Catalonia during the 2001/02 and 2002/03 school years. The results obtained support the evidence that Catalonia native families avoid schools attended by immigrants. Natives certainly prefer not to interact with immigrants. Private schools are more successful in avoiding immigrants. Finally, the main reason for non-natives’ choice is the presence of other non-natives in the same school.

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Proyecto de investigación de una estancia en el Centro de Investigación de Ecosistemas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México de abril a octubre del 2006. Varios estudios sugieren que producir las coloraciones estructurales de las aves es costoso ya que los individuos con mayor condición física desarrollan ornamentaciones más vistosas, pero las evidencias experimentales son muy pocas. Se ha comprobado que la coloración del plumaje varía según la condición física i nutricional, y también de la calidad del hábitat donde se desarrolla el animal. Además, esta relación también tiene un interés aplicado como bioindicador. El primer objetivo ha sido demostrar experimentalmente la influencia de la dieta sobre la coloración estructural. Otro de los objetivos fue explorar la potencialidad del uso de la coloración del plumaje como indicador de la salud (condición física ) de una población en una área determinada y, por lo tanto, de la idoneidad de dicho hábitat para la especie.

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Abstract: Should twoband income taxes be progressive given a general income distribution? We provide a negative answer under utilitarian and max-min welfare functions. While this result clarifies some ambiguities in the literature, it does not rule out progressive taxes in general. If we maximize total or weighted utility of the poor, as often intended by the society, progressive taxes can be justified, especially when the ‘rich’ are very rich. Under these objectives we obtain new necessary conditions for progressive taxes, which only depend on aggregate features of income distributions. The validity of these conditions is examined using plausible income distributions.

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Standalone levelised cost assessments of electricity supply options miss an important contribution that renewable and non-fossil fuel technologies can make to the electricity portfolio: that of reducing the variability of electricity costs, and their potentially damaging impact upon economic activity. Portfolio theory applications to the electricity generation mix have shown that renewable technologies, their costs being largely uncorrelated with non-renewable technologies, can offer such benefits. We look at the existing Scottish generation mix and examine drivers of changes out to 2020. We assess recent scenarios for the Scottish generation mix in 2020 against mean-variance efficient portfolios of electricity-generating technologies. Each of the scenarios studied implies a portfolio cost of electricity that is between 22% and 38% higher than the portfolio cost of electricity in 2007. These scenarios prove to be “inefficient” in the sense that, for example, lower variance portfolios can be obtained without increasing portfolio costs, typically by expanding the share of renewables. As part of extensive sensitivity analysis, we find that Wave and Tidal technologies can contribute to lower risk electricity portfolios, while not increasing portfolio cost.

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En la investigación planteo que el logro de las capacidades de los niños y jóvenes está sujeto a su entorno familiar, de manera que el bienestar del hogar en el espacio de los funcionamientos influye en los niveles de salud y de educación de los niños y jóvenes en edad escolar. La primera parte, es el marco basado en el enfoque de capacidades, donde se establece un soporte teórico entre el bienestar de la infancia y las capacidades. La segunda, es la aplicación de un Modelo de Estructura de Covarianza (MEC), aplicado al caso de Antioquia-Colombia. Palabras

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Se pretende demostrar que as fuentes del panteísmo filosófico-mágico de Giordano Bruno en una corriente filosófica la cual tiene su inicio en los presocráticos Heráclito i Parménides. Entre medio destacan otros exponentes: Platón, Aristóteles, Nicolás de Cusa y Plotino.