Experiência com o currículo oficial do estado de São Paulo: contribuições para o aluno decorrentes de uma ação pedagógica pautada na ginástica de condicionamento físico

Presents the contributions of pedagogical actions of a teacher- researcher, based on Body Culture Movement. Such actions were developed in physical education classes for one month in the second year of secondary education of state public school, located in the interior of São Paulo. Aims to understand what are the contributions to the student arising from actions based on Gymnastics in teacher reflection, developed by a teacherresearcher. The research approach and procedures adopted for the construction of data is qualitative in nature, exploring the descriptions field diary about the classes held. The results show that the contributions of such pedagogical actions can not be verified in the short time since they refer to changes in attitude and this requires time and the opportunity to participate in experiments planned in terms of goals and purposes that not are always proposed by the interlocutors of pedagogical action, but determined by external agents, such as educational policy and those responsible for curriculum development. The value of experience lies in how the actor engages with the pedagogical situation and the senses extracted from these actions, which presupposes individually with each student receives certain experience and the meanings extracted from each experience.

Uso de substâncias ergogênicas suplementares nutricionais em praticantes de musculação

Ergogenic substances are all nutritional or pharmacological additional devices which physiologically influence on the individual's performance. Currently, the practice of physical exercises that modern gyms have is growing and embracing a new recreational space for the population. In particular, for the male audience, weight training; and for the female audience, aerobic gymnastics. This study has the objective of explaining the importance of ergogenic resources in the physiological and psychological planes, emphasizing the point that supplementation is really valid and beneficial. To achieve the objective of the study, a literature review will be carried out, searching for scientific articles published in books, magazines and online newspapers that address some issues that cut across the thematic proposed in this work. From the point of view of Sport Psychology, the issues discussed on body image and emotional changes have concerns professionals of this area, but the literature suggests it is unnecessary the use of ergogenic substances to the concreteness of that purpose. Supplements of any kind will not be enough to transform the psychological and physiological aspects, the way the media assume conclusively. Thus, with our documentary research, we started a provocation that feeds new studies in the area. We conclude that supplementation is a resource that should be used in the final occasion, that is, if the bodybuilders (non-athletes) have time to be nourished from the normal diet, the use of supplements like whey and creatine, are not needed. Used appropriately supplements do not result in physiological damage, however, can contribute beneficially to the individual's nutrition, thus the abusing dosages, in addition to financial loss, can cause damage to the body

Representatividade da ginástica artística feminina paulista no cenário brasileiro (2011-2014)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Centro de excelência e ginástica artística feminina: a perspectiva dos técnicos brasileiros

Durante o período de 2001-2008, a Confederação Brasileira de Ginástica implementou o sistema de seleção permanente concentrada no Centro de Treinamento (CT) de Curitiba. Através de um formato semelhante às escolas-internato esportivas da antiga União Soviética, as ginastas passaram a treinar juntas sob o comando de um renomado técnico estrangeiro. Este artigo visa apresentar e discutir o contexto deste CT e o sistema de seleção permanente da ginástica artística feminina (GAF) brasileira, a partir da opinião dos técnicos que desenvolvem a modalidade no país. Procedemos a um estudo de campo e entrevistamos 34 treinadores de 29 instituições. Dentre os aspectos positivos da seleção permanente, os sujeitos relacionaram principalmente a infraestrutura disponível às ginastas. Sobre os aspectos negativos, foram citados problemas relacionados ao rigor do treinamento, à polarização e a consequente monopolização das atletas, o que revela que, provavelmente, não houve uma adaptação do modelo soviético às características da GAF desenvolvida no Brasil.

Come città dell'infanzia. Architettura, educazione e immagine in due colonie per i figli degli Italiani all'estero a Cattolica e Tirrenia

The present doctoral dissertation deals with two significant case studies of Italian holiday camps which appear as interesting architectural experiences that reflect both the pedagogic and educational programmes of the fascist regime, and the discussion on the constructive and expressive principles that characterize the Italian architecture during the Thirties. The research explains the colony "XXVIII October for the sons of the Italian workers living abroad", today known as "Le Navi" ("The Ships"), built in Cattolica in 1934 and projected by the Roman architect Clemente Busiri Vici, and the feminine colony "for the sons of the Italian workers living abroad" built in 1934 in Tirrenia and projected by the architects Mario Paniconi and Giulio Pediconi. These holiday camps are the sole buildings commissioned directly by the Department in the Italian Foreign Office with the aim of offering a seaside stay to the sons of the Italians living in the colonies who, probably, could visit Italy only one time in their life. Firstly, the work illustrates the most relevant themes concerning these holiday camps, such as the representative intents that the buildings evoked to the children attending the places. Sun-bathing and group gymnastics were some of the rituals in the communal life, where order and discipline gave a precise internal organization to the spaces. Over the correspondence to practical functions, the figures and the forms of the different spaces of the buildings involve the children in an educational dimension. Subsequently, the function of the Department in the Italian Foreign Office and the planning and constructive ideas of the two colonies will be introduced. These colonies were conceived by a precise social project with educational, welfare and therapeutic aims. The elements, the spaces and the volumes create a fixed and theatrical scene of the life, full of ideological, political and celebratory overtones. Finally, the research shows that the relation between the architectural shape of the buildings and the rituals performed by fascist tutors produces an ideal space, extraneous to the external world that could influence the behavior of the children. The plan is to transmit to the children an image of Italy that will remain engraved in their minds once they have returned to their countries. In these projects there is the intent to transmit the image of "italianity" abroad. The way to do this was to plan for them a scenery which contains all the architectural elements of Italian cities. The holiday camps are proposed a sort of microcosm that appears as an "evocation" of the places and the spaces of Italian cities. The buildings appear as veritable "cities of childhood".

Skeletal benefits after long-term retirement in former elite female gymnasts

Bone strength benefits after long-term retirement from elite gymnastics in terms of bone geometry and volumetric BMD were studied by comparing retired female gymnasts to moderately active age-matched women. In a cross-sectional study, 30 retired female gymnasts were compared with 30 age-matched moderately active controls. Bone geometric and densitometric parameters were measured by pQCT at the distal epiphyses and shafts of the tibia, femur, radius, and humerus. Muscle cross-sectional areas were assessed from the shaft scans. Independent t-tests were conducted on bone and muscle variables to detect differences between the two groups. The gymnasts had retired for a mean of 6.1 +/- 0.4 yr and were engaged in gymnastics training is associated with greater bone mass and bone size in women 6 yr after retirement. Skeletal benefits were site specific, with greater geometric adaptations (greater bone size) in the upper compared with the lower limbs.

Iowa State Daily (February 29, 2012)

ContentsDebate brings out choiceA cold battle in AmesEating disorders affect everyoneStudents walk green carpet at SustainapoloozaConcealed gun carry: Is it time?Husband, wife gymnastics team works side by sideAdd some kick to that cupcake

Effects of task modality, length and complexity on time for activities in lucid dreams

Introduction: Nocturnal dreams can be considered as a kind of simulation of the real world on a higher cognitive level (Erlacher & Schredl, 2008). Within lucid dreams, the dreamer is aware of the dream state and thus able to control the ongoing dream content. Previous studies could demonstrate that it is possible to practice motor tasks during lucid dreams and doing so improved performance while awake (Erlacher & Schredl, 2010). Even though lucid dream practice might be a promising kind of cognitive rehearsal in sports, little is known about the characteristics of actions in lucid dreams. The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationship between time in dreams and wakefulness because in an earlier study (Erlacher & Schredl, 2004) we found that performing squads took lucid dreamers 44.5 % more time than in the waking state while for counting the same participants showed no differences between dreaming and wakefulness. To find out if the task modality, the task length or the task complexity require longer times in lucid dreams than in wakefulness three experiments were conducted. Methods: In the first experiment five proficient lucid dreamers spent two to three non-consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory with polysomnographic recording to control for REM sleep and determine eye signals. Participants counted from 1-10, 1-20 and 1-30 in wakefulness and in their lucid dreams. While dreaming they marked onset of lucidity as well as beginning and end of the counting task with a Left-Right-Left-Right eye movement and reported their dreams after being awakened. The same procedure was used for the second experiment with seven lucid dreamers except that they had to walk 10, 20 or 30 steps. In the third experiment nine participants performed an exercise involving gymnastics elements such as various jumps and a roll. To control for length of the task the gymnastic exercise in the waking state lasted about the same time as walking 10 steps. Results: As a general result we found – as in the study before – that performing a task in the lucid dream requires more time than in wakefulness. This tendency was found for all three tasks. However, there was no difference for the task modality (counting vs. motor task). Also the relative time for the different lengths of the tasks showed no difference. And finally, the more complex motor task (gymnastic routine) did not require more time in lucid dreams than the simple motor task. Discussion/Conclusion: The results showed that there is a robust effect of time in lucid dreams compared to wakefulness. The three experiments could not explain that those differences are caused by task modality, task length or task complexity. Therefore further possible candidates needs to be investigated e.g. experience in lucid dreaming or psychological variables. References: Erlacher, D. & Schredl, M. (2010). Practicing a motor task in a lucid dream enhances subsequent performance: A pilot study. The Sport Psychologist, 24(2), 157-167. Erlacher, D. & Schredl, M. (2008). Do REM (lucid) dreamed and executed actions share the same neural substrate? International Journal of Dream Research, 1(1), 7-13. Erlacher, D. & Schredl, M. (2004). Time required for motor activity in lucid dreams. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 99, 1239-1242.

Time for actions in lucid dreams: effects of task modality, length, and complexity

The relationship between time in dreams and real time has intrigued scientists for centuries. The question if actions in dreams take the same time as in wakefulness can be tested by using lucid dreams where the dreamer is able to mark time intervals with prearranged eye movements that can be objectively identified in EOG recordings. Previous research showed an equivalence of time for counting in lucid dreams and in wakefulness (LaBerge, 1985; Erlacher and Schredl, 2004), but Erlacher and Schredl (2004) found that performing squats required about 40% more time in lucid dreams than in the waking state. To find out if the task modality, the task length, or the task complexity results in prolonged times in lucid dreams, an experiment with three different conditions was conducted. In the first condition, five proficient lucid dreamers spent one to three non-consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory. Participants counted to 10, 20, and 30 in wakefulness and in their lucid dreams. Lucidity and task intervals were time stamped with left-right-left-right eye movements. The same procedure was used for these condition where eight lucid dreamers had to walk 10, 20, or 30 steps. In the third condition, eight lucid dreamers performed a gymnastics routine, which in the waking state lasted the same time as walking 10 steps. Again, we found that performing a motor task in a lucid dream requires more time than in wakefulness. Longer durations in the dream state were present for all three tasks, but significant differences were found only for the tasks with motor activity (walking and gymnastics). However, no difference was found for relative times (no disproportional time effects) and a more complex motor task did not result in more prolonged times. Longer durations in lucid dreams might be related to the lack of muscular feedback or slower neural processing during REM sleep. Future studies should explore factors that might be associated with prolonged durations.

Gymnasts and orienteers display better mental rotation performance than nonathletes

The aim of this study was to examine whether athletes differ from nonathletes regarding their mental rotation performance. Furthermore, it investigated whether athletes doing sports requiring distinguishable levels of mental rotation (orienteering, gymnastics, running), as well as varying with respect to having an egocentric (gymnastics) or an allocentric perspective (orienteering), differ from each other. Therefore, the Mental Rotations Test (MRT) was carried out with 20 orienteers, 20 gymnasts, 20 runners, and 20 nonathletes. The results indicate large differences in mental rotation performance, with those actively doing sports outperforming the nonathletes. Analyses for the specific groups showed that orienteers and gymnasts differed from the nonathletes, whereas endurance runners did not. Contrary to expectations, the mental rotation performance of gymnasts did not differ from that of orienteers. This study also revealed gender differences in favor of men. Implications regarding a differentiated view of the connection between specific sports and mental rotation performance are discussed.

Discursos de poder en el fitness : El comercio de los entrenamientos que duelen

Investigar las prácticas del fitness puede suponer adentrarse en un camino incierto. La configuración histórica de este puzzle se constituye a partir de la comercialización de la gimnasia aeróbica. A partir de este modo de hacer gimnasia se construye un negocio en torno a diferentes productos, vestimentas, equipamientos, etc. Asimismo, para legitimar estas prácticas fue necesario utilizar los estudios e investigaciones que realizan las ciencias médicas. A través de estas ciencias la gimnasia aeróbica, y años más tarde, las clases de fitness grupal, se consideran válidas en el imaginario social de los clientes. Las empresas encargadas de comercializar estas clases pre-coreografiadas de fitness grupal, a través de estudios de marketing y de la veracidad de los estudios de las ciencias legitimadoras, intentan posicionarse en el mercado, aumentar el capital y continuar desplegando el negocio

La Revista de medicina aplicada a los deportes, educación física y trabajo (Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina) entre los años 1935 y 1940 : Principales conceptualizaciones sobre los deportes, los juegos, las gimnasias y la higiene

La pregunta que guía la investigación es cómo son entendidos los juegos, los deportes, las gimnasias y la higiene en la Revista de Medicina aplicada a los deportes, educación física y trabajo, entre los años 1935, momento de su fundación, y 1940. Se trata de la divulgación oficial de la Filial Argentina de la Unión Internacional de Médicos del Deporte. Se entiende a la publicación como una forma de legitimar y deslegitimar, desde el discurso médico, ciertos comportamientos relativos al cuerpo de las personas. Se plantean como objetivos: a) Comprender a la Revista de medicina aplicada a los deportes, educación física y trabajo en relación al contexto argentino e internacional de la última mitad de la década de 1930; b) Analizar el discurso médico como legitimador/deslegitimador de prácticas corporales en la publicación en cuestión; y c) Indagar las formas en que son entendidos los juegos, los deportes, las gimnasias y la higiene. Se opta por una metodología de tipo cualitativa o no estándar y por la técnica de rastreo bibliográfico

La economía y el ambiente : Ortodoxias y heterodoxias para la aplicación al territorio

El objetivo de este trabajo es discutir los enfoques principales del debate sobre el tratamiento que debe dar la economía al impacto ambiental. El tema se relaciona con toda la discusión sobre el desarrollo y sobre la relación entre territorio y desarrollo, y atraviesa la problemática de la geografía económica y regional en cuestiones como la planificación regional o el análisis de impacto, sobre todo en territorios con fuerte influencia de la explotación de recursos naturales. Se analiza la manera de incorporar el problema en las bases de la economía neoclásica aceptando sus principios y utilizando sus instrumentos. Luego se aborda la economía ecológica desde el trabajo de Georgescu-Roegen de 1971, el primero que intenta introducir en el razonamiento económico las leyes de la irreversibilidad de los procesos, por fuera de la visión neoclásica y fundando una corriente heterodoxa. Más allá de estas posiciones, están las visiones que analizan la relación entre ambiente y desarrollo manteniendo el concepto de centro-periferia o asumiendo la necesidad de construir discursos contra-hegemónicos, enmarcando la cuestión ambiental en esa lógica: se mencionan la postura del marxismo y el aporte del poscolonialismo -este último, fundamental, por la importancia que asigna a la necesidad de reconstruir la perspectiva ambiental desde las identidades y el territorio-. Las conclusiones plantean el desafío de retomar este tipo de puntos de vista -lo que limita enormemente el uso del herramental de la economía ambiental- y también algunas propuestas neoinstitucionalistas de la economía ecológica

Sujetos a una disciplina que disciplina : Un análisis crítico de las prácticas de gimnasia dominantes en el gimnasio

Las prácticas de gimnasia en los gimnasios proponen-imponen, normalizan y naturalizan determinadas relaciones de poder-saber entre sus adeptos que, a partir de ellas, disciplinan y corrigen sus cuerpos pero no por ello necesariamente se hacen más libres y sapientes de sus prácticas y discursos corporales, de lo que hacen con sus propios cuerpos o de lo que piensan, sienten o dicen acerca de ellos. Cuando el poder se transforma en dominación, la educación corporal generada no permite resistencias ni cuestionamientos y lo que se adquiere no se transforma en herramienta crítica para gobernar las próximas elecciones corporales cotidianas. En este artículo se analizan, en primer lugar, algunos términos pertenecientes a Michel Foucault tales como sujeto, discurso, práctica, poder, dominación y disciplina; en segundo lugar, se examina el concepto de educación aportado por Inés Dussel y Marcelo Carusso. Por último se utilizarán todas estas aproximaciones conceptuales a modo de herramientas teóricas para establecer algunas conclusiones iniciales y provisorias que permitan la dinámica de algunas clases colectivas de gimnasia de un gimnasio de la ciudad de la Plata, en las cuales se recabaron datos empíricos con observación participante. Este trabajo forma parte de los estudios iniciales pertenecientes al proyecto de tesis perteneciente a la Maestría en Educación Corporal: "La gimnasia en los gimnasios, ni educación, ni física"

Gimnasia en la escuela. ¿Gimnasia en la escuela?

El presente trabajo fue presentado como resultado del Taller de Tesis, asignatura obligatoria en la maestría de posgrado en Educación Corporal de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FHCE - UNLP). El texto está diagramado de forma tal que se perciba la estructura del proyecto. Constituye un avance en el diseño y elaboración de la tesis que aborda el impacto que tiene la formación profesional de la enseñanza de la gimnasia en la educación formal. Hace más de 20 años que un determinado tipo de gimnasia se enseña en el Profesorado en Educación Física (PEF) (FHCE - UNLP), las indagaciones se orientan a poder determinar la trascendencia de este tipo de gimnasia más allá del ámbito académico. Se parte del supuesto de que la gimnasia no es un contenido sustancial en las clases de Educación Física en las escuelas. La investigación se sustenta en la inquietud de poder comprender, de confirmarse los supuestos, la poca incidencia de las actividades gímnicas que se observan en las clases de Educación Física o en todo caso, cuando estas actividades aparecen, generalmente, no son significadas como tales. Con un abordaje de tipo cualitativo, se pretende investigar a los actores y a las instituciones comprendidas en todo este proceso