哺乳动物犁鼻器信息素感知及犁鼻器系统特异基因的分子进化研究进展

生物对外界环境中化学物质信号的识别和感知对其生存有着极其重要的意义.大多数哺乳动物具有两条嗅觉通路,主要嗅觉系统(MOS)用来感受普通嗅觉信号,而犁鼻器系统(VNS)则从异常灵敏的程度来识别小范围内特异性的化学感应信号-信息素(pheromone).信息素是一类在同种内个体间传递的物质,可引发群体内与个体交流和生殖相关的一系列生理和行为变化.本文综述了对哺乳动物犁鼻器信息素感知及犁鼻器系统特异(VNS-specific)基因的分子进化研究进展,这些基因包括信息素受体家族V1R和V2R以及离子通道TRPC2,为进一步深入研究哺乳动物信息素感知的分子机制奠定基础。

盐肤木内酯A,其制备方法和其在制药中的应用

述结构式(I)化合物盐肤木内酯A(Rhuscholide A)，其制备方法，其在制备抗艾滋病药物中的应用和在制备抑制合胞体形成药物中的应用。

Integrated farming is profitable

Growing fish with rice while maximizing land use can bring advantages to both crops as production is intensified. Details are given of the basic structure of rice field aquaculture, listing the major advantages and disadvantages of this system. Particular reference is made to the integrated farms at Culasi, Antique (Western Philippines) and at Barangay Igcocolo, Guimbal, Iloilo where agricultural crops other than rice are integrated with fish farming (tilapia -- Oreochromis mossambicus) and livestock rearing. An account is also given of the system at the AQD site at New Busuang, Kalibo, Aklan which evaluates the economic feasibility and profitability of farming mudcrab in tidal flats with existing mangroves.

Autoignition of monodisperse biodiesel and diesel sprays in turbulent flows

A new experimental configuration has been developed to examine the effects of flow on the autoignition of dilute diesel and biodiesel sprays, where the spray is injected in the form of monodisperse individual droplets at right angles to a hot air turbulent flow. The ignition location has been measured by monitoring the OH * chemiluminescence. A qualitative comparison of the flame behaviour between ethanol, acetone, heptane and biodiesel as fuels has also been carried out. With decreasing volatility of the fuel, the flame showed progressively a higher number of individual droplets burning, with the first autoignition spots appearing at random locations but in general earlier than the intense droplet-flame emission. The time-averaged autoignition length increased with increasing air velocity and with increasing intensity of the turbulence, while it decreased with the temperature and the droplet size. The data can be used for validating models for two-phase turbulent combustion. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.

Structure of igniting ethanol and n-heptane spray flames with and without swirl

This paper explores the ignition and subsequent evolution of spray flames in a bluff-body configuration with and without swirl. Ethanol and n-heptane are used to compare the effects of volatility. Ignition is performed by a laser spark. High speed imaging of OH *-chemiluminescence and OH-PLIF collected at 5kHz are used to investigate the behaviour of the flames during the first stages of ignition and the stable flame structure following ignition. Swirl induces a wider and shorter flame, precession, and multiple reaction zones, while the non-swirling flames have a simpler structure. The reaction fronts seem thinner with ethanol than with heptane. The dataset can be used for model validation. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.

Energy use of buildings at urban scale: A case study of london school buildings

The diversity of non-domestic buildings at urban scale poses a number of difficulties to develop building stock models. This research proposes an engineering-based bottom-up stock model in a probabilistic manner to address these issues. School buildings are used for illustrating the application of this probabilistic method. Two sampling-based global sensitivity methods are used to identify key factors affecting building energy performance. The sensitivity analysis methods can also create statistical regression models for inverse analysis, which are used to estimate input information for building stock energy models. The effects of different energy saving measures are analysed by changing these building stock input distributions.

On the application of the light-attenuation technique as a tool for non-intrusive buoyancy measurements

This article describes the application of the light-attenuation technique as a tool for measuring dilution occurring in buoyancy-driven flows. Whilst this technique offers the experimental fluid dynamicist the ability to make rapid synoptic buoyancy measurements non-intrusively, its successful application requires careful selection of chemical dye, dye concentration, illumination and optics. After establishing the advantages offered by methylene blue as a dyeing agent, we assess the accuracy of buoyancy measurements made using this technique compared with direct measurements made with density meters. Density measurements obtained using light-attenuation differ from those obtained using the density meter by typically less than 3%. It is hoped that this article will provide useful advice with regards to its implementation in the field of buoyancy-driven flows. © 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Improving the performance of low-gain designs for bounded control of linear systems

An online scheduling of the parameter ensuring in addition to closed loop stability was presented. Attention was given to saturated linear low-gain control laws. Null controllability of the considered linear systems was assumed. The family of low gain control laws achieved semiglobal stabilization.

Interface-related in-plane optical anisotropy of quantum wells studied by reflectance-difference spectroscopy

The in-plane optical anisotropy of three groups of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well structures has been studied by reflectance-difference spectroscopy (RDS). For GaAs/Al0.36Ga0.64As single QW structures, it is found that the optical anisotropy increases quickly as the well width is decreased. For an Al0.02Ga0.98As/AlAs multiple QW with a well width of 20nm, the optical anisotropy is observed not only for the transitions between ground states but also for those between the excited states with transition index n up to 5. An increase of the anisotropy with the transition energy, or equivalently the transition index n, is clearly observed. The detailed analysis shows that the observed anisotropy arises from the interface asymmetry of QWs, which is introduced by atomic segregation or anisotropic interface roughness formed during the growth of the structures. More, when the 1 ML InAs is inserted at one interface of GaAs/AlGaAs QW, the optical anisotropy of the QW can be increased by a factor of 8 due to the enhanced asymmetry of the QW. These results demonstrate clearly that the RDS is a sensitive and powerful tool for the characterization of semiconductor interfaces.

整数上鲁棒分布式乘法计算方案

分布式乘法计算是安全多方计算中的重要部分,也是设计门限密码体制的基本协议.应用可验证秘密共享的方法,设计了两种不同情况下的整数环上多项相乘的鲁棒分布式乘法计算方案.其中并行不交互的鲁棒多项相乘的分布式乘法计算方案效率较高,且保持了不交互特性,而另一种方案却能达到最优弹性.

在Qt上实现蒙文显示的设计与实现

随着软件产业国际化进程的发展,在操作系统中实现对我国少数民族文字的显示是一项具有挑战性和刻不容缓的任务,针对这项任务先分析了少数民族文字中蒙古文的语法特点和书写特点、桌面系统平台库QT的体系结构特点以及OpenType字体文件的特点,在此基础之上提出在QT中使用OpenType字体文件来实现蒙古文显示的详细实现方案,最后给出了目前该方案在项目中的实现情况和效果,并阐述了还有哪些地方需要进一步研究和改进。

PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT AND ITS POLARITY IN SI DOPING SUPERLATTICES

We have studied the photovoltaic effects in Si doping superlattices (nipi) under different excitation conditions with and without additional cw optical biasing using a He-Ne laser. On the basis of the photovoltaic theory of carrier spatial separation in superlattices, we propose the concept of spatial fixity of the photovoltage polarity in type-II superlattices and examine the experimental results. The photovoltaic effect in Si nipi is found mainly from the direct transitions related with shallow impurities in real space, not the electron-hole band-to-band process as in GaAs nipi.